Bohu County, Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Bohu county is a county under the jurisdiction of Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang. It is located in the middle of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the south foot of Tianshan Mountain, the southeast of Yanqi Basin, the downstream of Kaidu River, the West Bank of Bosten Lake, the border with Heshuo County in the northeast, Yanqi County in the northwest, Korla City in the southwest, and Yuli County in the south. Bohu county was founded in 1971. It is named after Bosten Lake, the largest inland freshwater lake in China.

As of 2008, Bohu county has jurisdiction over 5 townships and 2 towns, with a total of 29 Village (neighborhood) committees and 119 villager groups. The total area of the county is 3808.6 square kilometers, of which the water area is 1646 square kilometers, accounting for 43.2% of the total area. The total population is 61830 (in 2013), which is composed of 18 ethnic groups including Han, Mongolian, Uighur and Hui. Bohu town is 430km away from Urumqi.

Bohu county is rich in water and grass, rich in resources, mild and humid climate, flat and fertile land, and suitable for agriculture and animal husbandry. It is known as the "south of the Great Wall" with rich fish, grass and grain, and has won the honorary titles of "top ten demonstration county" and "National Garden County".

In September 2019, it will be selected as one of the first batch of national global tourism demonstration zones.

Historical evolution

Bohu county is famous for its Bosten Lake. Bosten Lake was called "Xihai" in ancient times, and the ancient Yanqi state was in danger.

In the second year of shenjue, Emperor Xuan of the Western Han Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of the capital of the western regions of the Han Dynasty.

In the third year of the Eastern Han Dynasty and Emperor Yongyuan, kuci returned to the Han Dynasty, and the Han Dynasty restored the capital of the western regions. Banchao was the capital of kuci, and Yanqi was the territory of kuci. In the first year of emperor Xiankang of the eastern Yanming Dynasty, Yanqi began to set up prefectures and counties, and Bohu was its jurisdiction.

In the 22nd year of Tang Zhenguan, Yanqi Prefecture was set up. In the seventh year of Kaiyuan reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, Tang Jiahui, the governor of the four towns of Anxi capital, asked Yanqi to replace the broken leaves and serve the four towns. From then on, Yanqi was one of the four towns in Anxi, gaoxianzhi was the garrison envoy of Yanqi, and Yanqi was an important town of the Uighur kingdom in Anxi.

In the Yuan Dynasty, in 1218, Mongolia completely ruled Xinjiang, and Bohu belonged to Chagatai Khanate.

In the Ming Dynasty, in 1368, the first year of Hongwu (1368), Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, Bohu was under the jurisdiction of Hami Prefecture. During the Wanli period, some of the eyueqisuo tribes of the Mongolian nationality living in the Yanqi Basin moved to live in the ejil River Basin of Russia, and Bohu was under the jurisdiction of Kuqa king of Junggar.

In 1771, the 36th year of Qianlong reign in the Qing Dynasty, the Mongol turhute and Heshuote tribes nomadic in the basin of Russia's ejil River (today's Volga River) were unwilling to be oppressed and enslaved by the Tsarist Russian rulers. Under the leadership of the turhute tribe leader wobaxi, they broke through the encirclement of the Tsarist Empire and returned to the motherland after thousands of difficulties. The three banners of Zhonglu and shuote were placed by the Qing government in the plain of the middle and lower reaches of the Kaidu River and Bosten Lake for grazing. The three banners formed an alliance, named baqisele qiletu alliance, and were controlled by general Yili. From then on, Heshuo special department settled in Bohu area (Heshuo county).

In 1921, when Yang Zengxin ruled Xinjiang, Bohu area was under the jurisdiction of Yanqi administrative office. In 1939, after Sheng Shicai implemented the reform of land and returned to Liu, Bohu area was under the jurisdiction of Heshuo Administrative Bureau. In 1946, after the establishment of Heshuo County, Bohu District became the third administrative region of Heshuo County, and then changed to every third township of Heshuo county.

After the founding of new China, Bohu area was under the jurisdiction of Heshuo County, the third township of Heshuo County, and later changed to the third district. From 1953 to 1954, it was the second and third districts of Heshuo county. After 1958, it became Yuejin commune (tawen jueken commune) and Guangming commune (Chagannuoer commune) in Heshuo county. On November 21, 1970, the State Council approved the establishment of Bohu county. On April 20, 1971, Bohu county was officially established under the jurisdiction of Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture.

administrative division

As of 2008, Bohu county has jurisdiction over 5 townships and 2 towns, 29 villages and 119 villager groups.

Bohu Town: under the jurisdiction of chasbuhu neighborhood committee, halgubi neighborhood committee, chastolegai neighborhood committee, gunhar neighborhood committee.

Benbutu Town: it governs laoxihaonuoer village, zaigesennuoer village, Benbutu village, xinbuhu village, mangnanchagan village, jorutumuhoer village and naintolegai village.

Chagannuoer township: it governs Chagannuoer village, wutenggol village and dundubuhu village.

Caikannuoer township: it governs caikannuoer village, mogetu village, halnudunoer village, saihanwudun village and lahannuoer village.

Wulan zaigesen township: Wulan zaigesen village, xizimuhur village and Wutu Arele village are under its jurisdiction.

Tawen jueken township: tawen jueken village, awat village, kerimuhar village, dongdahan village, halenge village, kokmodun village.

Bosten Lake Township: under the jurisdiction of kudailik village.

geographical environment

Location context

Bohu county is located at the south foot of Tianshan Mountain, xiazhou of Kaidu River, the lowest depression in the southeast of Yanqi Basin. It is located between 86 ° 19 ′～ 87 ° 26 ′ E and 41 ° 33 ′～ 42 ° 14 ′ n, 91 km long from east to west and 67 km wide from North to south. It borders Heshuo County in the northeast, Yanqi County in the northwest and Peacock River in the southwest. The total area is 3808.6 square kilometers, including 680 square kilometers of mountainous area, 691 square kilometers of desert area, 1067.6 square kilometers of water area and 1360 square kilometers of plain area.

Topography

Bohu county is located at the southern foot of Tianshan Mountain, with high terrain from north to South and low terrain in the middle. It is a dished valley. The Kaidu River delta plain is 1047-1055 meters above sea level, with an average slope of 1 / 4000. The mountain area is 1074-2387 meters above sea level.

climate

Bohu county is a middle temperate continental desert climate, with mild climate, moderate heat, less dry hot wind and humid air. The annual average temperature is 9.1 ℃, the average annual precipitation is 93.3 mm, the evaporation is 1853 mm, the annual sunshine is 2793.6-3136.5 hours, and the frost free period is about 219 days.

natural resources

water resource

Bosten Lake covers a total area of 1646 square kilometers. Accounting for 43% of the total area of the county, it is divided into large lake region and small lake region. The total capacity of the lake area is nearly 10 billion cubic meters, which has an obvious regulating effect on the climate of Yanqi Basin. It can ease the temperature change, increase precipitation, reduce evaporation, prevent the attack of dry hot wind, and directly affect the biological composition around the lake area. It is a natural regulating reservoir in Yanqi Basin. Kaidu River passes through Bohu lake with an annual runoff of 3.3 billion cubic meters. It flows through the East-West branch of Baolang Sumu River, the East branch flows into the Great Lake area, and the West Branch flows into the southwest small lake area. The total drainage area of Kaidu River is 22900 square kilometers, the total catchment area is 613 square kilometers, and the catchment volume is 5.2 billion cubic meters. The Tianshan snowmelt water is rich in water sources and good in quality. It is not only the main source of surface water and groundwater in Yanqi Basin, but also plays a regulatory role in the change of water volume in Bosten Lake and Kongque River Basin.

land resource

The total land area of Bohu county is 2007.7 square kilometers, accounting for 53.92% of the total area of the county. The mountainous area is 680 square kilometers, the plain area is 1360 square kilometers, and the desert area is 691 square kilometers. Among them, Kaidu River Delta has a land area of 417 square kilometers and a cultivated land area of 202 thousand mu. The land is fertile, the irrigation water source is sufficient and convenient, and the climate is humid and mild, which is suitable for the growth of various crops. Nanshan area covers an area of 1590 square kilometers, with 400000 mu of arable land suitable for agriculture. The content of soil organic matter is relatively high, with east-west trend and zonal distribution along with mountain fluctuation, with an average slope of 1:21.

Animal resources

Bohu county has been a natural pasture in Yanqi Basin since ancient times. There are many types of grassland and rich forage species. There are 1 million mu of natural grassland in the county. The main grasslands are Nanshan Mountain Grassland, Beishan Mountain Grassland and plain grassland. The broad and fertile grassland, lakeside swamp and mountain grassland in Bohu area have a wide variety of vegetation and strong food suitability, which is a good place to develop animal husbandry. In Bohu County, traditional animal husbandry, such as pig, cattle and sheep, has been vigorously developed. At the same time, characteristic animal husbandry, such as raccoon dog, fox, ostrich and Mayan, has gradually risen, which has promoted the development of traditional animal husbandry to modern animal husbandry.

Aquatic resources

Bosten Lake, formerly known as "Xihai", is the largest inland fresh water lake in China, with a water area of 1646 square kilometers, accounting for 43.2% of the total area of 3808.6 square kilometers in the county. It is divided into large lake area and small lake area. The large lake area is more than 1200 square kilometers, and the small lake area is more than 400 square kilometers Production base. Bosten Lake is rich in bait resources, which is suitable for the survival and reproduction of a variety of fish. There are more than 30 fish species in the lake, mainly including pond fish, Lateolabrax japonicus, silver carp, bighead carp, carp and crucian carp, with an annual catch of about 5000 tons. A 5000 mu aquaculture development zone has been formed around the lake, mainly engaged in the aquaculture of crab, Penaeus vannamei, yuyunyuhui and other famous and special aquatic products. Bosten Lake's nine aquatic products, including silver carp, bighead carp, carp, pond fish, river shrimp, sea bass, crucian carp, snakehead and grass carp, have passed the appraisal and certification of the national organic fish food certification committee, with a certification area of 1.5 million mu. Bosten Lake has become the largest organic fish production area in China.

mineral resources

Bohu county is located in the east of Yanqi Basin. Its geological structure belongs to the Paleozoic Tianshan Hercynian fold belt. It was formed by the Mesozoic Cenozoic continental sedimentation in the depression and has the marine geological form. After the discovery of Baozhong, Baonan and Benbutu oil and gas structural belts in Bohu County, the oil exploration and development in Yanqi Basin proved the "Bendong" high-yield oil and gas field of ten million tons. Proven oil in place reserves 2

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