Korla City, Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Korla is the prefecture level administrative capital of Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang. It is located in the middle of Xinjiang, the south foot of Tianshan Mountain and the northeast edge of Tarim Basin. It is adjacent to the Tianshan branch in the north and the Taklimakan Desert in the south. It is the throat of the middle road of the ancient Silk Road and one of the birthplaces of the western region culture. It is an important transportation hub and material distribution center in northern and southern Xinjiang, as well as an important political, economic and cultural center in the region.

"Korla" Uighur language means "overlooking", because it is rich in "Korla Fragrant Pear", also known as "pear city". Korla is the first "national civilized city" in five provinces and autonomous regions of Northwest China (evaluated on January 23, 2009).

History of construction

As far back as the Neolithic age, human activities existed in the Kongque River Basin.

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, there were 36 countries in the South Tianshan Road. Korla City was located in Quli state. The ancient Quli state was in the northwest of Qiemo, in the north of Jingjue (today's Minfeng County), in the southwest of Yuli (today's Tashidian to the south of Bosten Lake), in the west of Mountain State (today's tieganlik northeast of Yuli County), and in the southeast of Wulei (today's zedaya County of Luntai County). Its scope was equivalent to that of Korla City, northwest of Yuli County and Luntai County The southeast part of Taixian county.

In the fourth year of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty (176 BC), the Xiongnu invaded the western regions, and set the Tongfu Duwei among Yanqi, Weixu and Yuli. Quli was controlled by Tongfu Duwei. In the fourth year of the Taichu period (101 BC), the Han Dynasty set up envoys in Luntai and Quli to manage the affairs of farming in the western regions. In the second year of shenjue (60 B.C.), the Han Dynasty set up the capital of the western regions in Wulei. Quli belonged to the territory of the Han Dynasty, and the city of Longlou was built in "Hequ" (the turning point of today's Peacock River). The Huns, who surrendered to the Han Dynasty, were also placed in Hequ.

In the third year of Tianfeng (16th year) of Wang Mang's new reign, Li Chong, the governor of the western regions, was defeated and retreated to kuci. The city of long Lou belonged to Xiongnu.

In the 22nd year of Jianwu (46th year) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the king of Shache attacked the king of kuci. The city of anlou belonged to the state of Wulei, the king of Shache. A few years later, Kucha killed the king of Wulei and occupied the territory of Wulei. In the 17th year of Yongping (74th year), the capital of the western regions protected the Lou city of Chen Muzhi.

Yongping 18 years (75 years), for Yanqi attack. In the sixth year of Yongyuan (1994), ban Chao sent eight soldiers, such as kuci and Shanshan, to invade Yanqi, Weixu and Yuli, and to kill Wang Guang and Yuli of Yanqi in the old city of chenmu. Long Lou city belongs to Han Dynasty. In the second year of Yongjian (127), ban Yong, the governor of the western regions, and Zhang Lang, the prefect of Dunhuang, attacked the state of Yanqi from the south to the north. Zhang Lang went from juelicheng (i.e. anlou city) to jueliguan (today's tiemen pass) to attack Wang Yuanmeng.

In the 23rd year of Qianliang Jianxing (335), Zhang Jun sent troops to attack Qiuci and defeated Yanqi King Longxi in Ben Lun city and Zheliu valley. The ground belongs to Qianliang. In the 18th year of Jianyuan (382), Lu Guang of the former Qin Dynasty descended to Yanqi, belonging to the former Qin Dynasty. In 448, the ninth year of Taiping Zhenjun in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Wandu returned to Yanqi and set up Yanqi Town. The local city is Liulu City, which belongs to the Northern Wei Dynasty. In 555, the second year of Gongdi in the Western Wei Dynasty, after the Turks occupied Gaochang, they developed to Yanqi and the local area was under its rule.

In the third year of Renshou (603) of Sui Dynasty, Nili, the son of Khan Datou in the west of Turk, established himself as the Great Khan in the whole territory of West Turk, which was called West Turk in history and was under its jurisdiction locally.

In the 22nd year of Zhenguan (648), the army of Tang Dynasty attacked kuizi, passing through the present Korla territory. The local government was under the Yanqi dududufu. In the first year of Xianheng (670), Tubo fell into the four towns of Anxi, belonging to Tubo. In 675, the Tang Dynasty recovered the four towns in Anxi. In the first year of Yongchun (682), Tubo occupied the South Tianshan Road.

In the first year of chuigong (685), the Tang Dynasty recovered the four towns in Anxi. In 687, Tubo conquered four towns in Anxi. In the first year of Zhou Changshou (692), Wang Xiaojie, the general manager of Wuwei Taoism, defeated Tubo and returned to the Tang Dynasty. In 789, it was occupied by Tubo. In 840, his nephew Pang teqin moved westward to Anxi and seized Yanqi from Tubo. It belongs to Uighur.

In the 10th to 11th year of Dazhong (856-857), Pang teqin, the leader of Uighur, moved westward to Yanqi, known as yeduhu. There were 200000 people, and the local people were under yeduhu's jurisdiction. In the first year of Xiantong (860), Pang teqin Khan was defeated and executed by his half brother Kurt teqin. The focus of Anxi Uighur state moved to Beiting and Turpan. It was historically known as Xizhou Uighur, and it belonged to Xizhou Uighur. In the seventh year of Xiantong (866), pugujun, the Uighur leader of Xizhou, defeated shanggongre, the Tubo leader, and the Tubo forces withdrew from the western regions.

After 1122, the Uighurs in Xizhou became subject to the Western Liao Dynasty. In the 11th year of Jiading (1218), Genghis Khan captured and killed the Naiman Prince of the Western Liao Dynasty, belonging to the Yuan Dynasty.

In the first year of Mongolian Xianzong (1215), menggedeng Khan (known as Xianzong in History) established bieshibalihang Shangshu province in jimusar. Korla belongs to bieshibalihang province and belongs to Chagatai queen king.

In the 16th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1677), kardan went to the south of Xinjiang, broke the Heishan sect, and captured all the Han of Yuan nationality. Korla belongs to the territory of Junggar. In 1758, after the Qing government calmed down the rebellion between Junggar and Xiaohe zhuomu, Yanqi was named kalashar, and a minister was appointed. In Korla village, we should exercise restraint. In 1759, a member of Sanpin archimberg was set up in Korla to manage Korla village and garrison. In the sixth year of tongzhi (1867), Haohan agubai occupied Korla and ruled for 10 years. In 1875, under the leadership of Zuo Zongtang, the Xiang army entered Xinjiang and began to recover Xinjiang. By the end of 1876, Agubo lost all the territory of Northern Xinjiang. In October 1877, the Qing army recovered Korla. In the 25th year of Guangxu (1899), the Zhili Hall of kalashar was upgraded to Yanqi Prefecture. Korla ruled the land for Yanqi Prefecture.

In 1917, Kuerle county was set up in the Qing Dynasty, which was under the jurisdiction of Yanqi county.

In the sixth year of the Republic of China (1917), kuerxianzuo was set up, belonging to Yanqi county. On July 11, 1920, Yanqi road was set up to govern Korla county. In 1930, Yanqi Dao was changed into Yanqi chief executive office. In the same year, Kuerle county was changed into a governing Bureau, belonging to Yanqi chief executive office. In 1939, the Kuerle Administrative Bureau was upgraded to a county, belonging to the office of Yanqi administrative inspector. During the Anti Japanese War, people of all nationalities set up anti imperialist societies to donate money and materials to support the Anti Japanese war.

On April 12, 1950, Yanqi Commissioner's office was established, and Korla county was under the jurisdiction of Yanqi special office.

In June 1954, Yanqi Commissioner's office was abolished, and Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Region (governing Yanqi Hui Autonomous County, Hejing County, Heshuo County, and the prefecture capital in Yanqi) and Korla special office (governing Korla County, Luntai County, Yuli County, Luoqiang County, Qiemo county) were set up respectively. Korla county is under the jurisdiction of Korla special office. On December 1, 1960, the special office of Korla was incorporated into Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, and the prefecture capital moved from Yanqi county to Korla county. On June 23, 1979, the State Council approved the designation of three offices in Korla Town, Xincheng and Tuanjie, three communes in tiekeqi, Yingxia and qiarbage, and the Tashidian office in Yanqi county to establish Korla City. On September 30 of the same year, Korla City was established under the leadership of Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture. On August 19, 1983, the State Council approved the abolition of Korla County, and the area under the jurisdiction of the county was incorporated into Korla City. On April 10, 1984, Korla county was formally incorporated into Korla City, which is still under Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture. On July 20, 2009, Xinier town of Yuli County was adjusted and put under the jurisdiction of Korla City. In 2012, Tiemenguan City, the second division of Xinjiang production and Construction Corps, was set up in the central part of the territory.

administrative division

By June 2020, Korla City has jurisdiction over 7 streets, 3 towns and 9 townships: Tuanjie street, saybage street, Tianshan Street, Xincheng street, Jianshe street, Chaoyang Street, Lixiang street, Tashidian Town, Shanghu Town, xinir Town, tiekeqi Township, qiarbage Township, Yingxia Township, Langan Township, heshilik Township, halayugong Township and awa township Tixiang, tuobuliqi Township and Puhui township of Korla City,

In Korla City, there are 9 farming, animal husbandry and horticulture farms, 2 regiments belonging to the second division of XPCC: korchu horticulture farm, Baotou Lake farm, Puhui farm, Bazhou Awati farm, Bazhou Shayi east garden art farm, Bazhou dairy farm, Puhui farm, economic farm, improved variety farm, 29 regiments and 30 regiments of XPCC. And the second division of Xinjiang production and Construction Corps, PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Branch and other central and autonomous regional units.

geographical environment

position

Korla City is located in the central part of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, in the central part of Xinjiang, in Eurasia and the hinterland of Xinjiang, the transportation hub of Southern Xinjiang, the northeast edge of Tarim Basin, north of Tianshan branch kuruke mountain and Huola mountain, south of the world's second largest desert Taklimakan Desert. The South and west of Korla oasis plain are connected with Tarim Basin, forming a vast fan-shaped oasis. The 14 km long Tiemenguan gorge between Huola mountain in the north and Kuluke mountain in the east of the urban area has been a passageway to southern Xinjiang, Qinghai, Pamir Plateau and South Asia since ancient times.

Korla is 127 kilometers long from east to west and 105 kilometers wide from north to south. The administrative area is 7268 square kilometers, ranging from 85 ° 14 ′ 10 ″ e to 86 ° 34 ′ 21 ″ E and 41 ° 10 ′ 48 ″ n to 42 ° 21 ′ 36 ″ n.

hydrology

"One lake" in Korla City

Chinese PinYin : Xin Jiang Wei Wu Er Zi Zhi Qu Ba Yin Guo Leng Meng Gu Zi Zhi Zhou Ku Er Le Shi