Yushu City, Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province

Yushu "Yushu" is a transliteration of Tibetan, meaning "site".

Yushu city is located in the southwest of Qinghai Province, in the east of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and in the easternmost part of Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, with an average altitude of 4493.4 meters. The terrain is mainly mountainous plateau. Tongtian River, Zhaqu and Baqu flow through Yushu city. The climate is cold, the annual temperature difference is small, and the daily temperature difference is large. It is a semi farming and semi pastoral city which mainly focuses on animal husbandry and combines agriculture with animal husbandry.

By the end of 2018, the total resident population of the Prefecture was 416600, including Tibetan, Han, Hui and other nationalities. Nearly 93% of the population is Tibetan, which is the most concentrated area in Qinghai Province.

Yushu county was established in 1929, and the county government was stationed in Jiegu town. Yushu county was established along the old system in 1952. In July 2013, with the approval of the State Council, Yushu county was abolished and Yushu city at the county level was established. The former administrative region of Yushu county was the administrative region of Yushu city at the county level, and the people's Government of Yushu City was stationed in Jiegu street. Jiegu town is an important town of the Tang and Tibetan Ancient Road in history. It is also a folk trade distribution center at the junction of Qinghai, Sichuan and Tibet. It is the seat of the state and municipal government, and the political, economic and cultural center of Yushu prefecture.

In June 2017, Yushu was named national health city. On October 22, 2018, it was selected into the list of pilot areas for the integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries in 2018. On May 15, 2019, Qinghai provincial government announced that 12 counties (cities), including Yushu City, will withdraw from the poverty-stricken counties.

History of construction

According to the records of Yushu county annals, Yushu was a place of Qiang Nationality in ancient times.

During the Wei, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties, it belonged to the kingdom of Supi.

In Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was called "Nu Guo" and "Dong Nu Guo". In Tang Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Tubo.

In the Southern Song Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of the head of Nangqian tribe.

Yuan Dynasty, is under the jurisdiction of Tubo and other road xuanweishi.

Ming Dynasty belongs to the place of duogansi xuanweisi.

At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Heshuote Mongol regime and was controlled by Nangqian royal family. Later, it was under the jurisdiction of Nangqian royal family, which was still under the jurisdiction of Qinghai Mongolian Fanzi affairs minister Yamen.

At the beginning of the Republic of China, under the control of Qinghai administrative officer and Xining town general, they were under the jurisdiction of Xuanwei envoys and Ninghai garrison envoys.

In 1917, he was the director of Yushu.

In 1929, Yushu county was established in Qinghai Province.

In October 1949, the office of the special commissioner of the military and political Commission of the people's Liberation Army of Qinghai Province in Yushu was established.

Yushu district was set up in 1949, with a special office in Yushu County, which governs Yushu, Chengduo and Nangqian counties.

On December 25, 1951, Yushu prefecture was changed into Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Region, with jurisdiction over Chengduo and Nangqian counties, and the system of Yushu county was abolished.

In 1952, the organizational system of Yushu county was restored, led by Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Region, and then changed several times.

Yushu county was officially established in 1957, and the county government was stationed in Jiegu town.

In 1955, Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Region was transformed into Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, and Yushu county was subordinate to Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.

On July 3, 2013, with the consent of the Ministry of civil affairs of the people's Republic of China, Yushu county was abolished and Yushu city was established.

administrative division

Division evolution

In 2000, Yushu County governed one town and eight townships.

On October 15, 2001, haxiu Township and Jielong Township were abolished and Longbao town was merged.

On October 15, 2001, the Qinghai Provincial People's government issued the reply of Qingzheng Letter No. 99: the two townships of haxiu and Jielong were abolished and Longbao town was merged (the town government was located in the original Jielong township). By the end of 2001, Yushu county had jurisdiction over two towns and six townships: Jiegu Town, Longbao Town, Zhongda Township, Batang Township, xiaosumang Township, shanglaxiu Township, xiaxiaxiu Township and anchong Township, with a total of three neighborhood committees and 258 animal husbandry committees. Jiegu Town, located in Jiegu, has jurisdiction over three neighborhood committees in Zhendong, Zhenbei and Zhennan, and 11 pastoral committees in Tuanjie, Hongwei, liberation, democracy, vanguard, Shengli, Qianjin, Dongfeng, Ganda, Guoqing and Yuejin. Longbao town is located in zene, which has jurisdiction over 10 animal husbandry committees, including cuoduo, cuosang, cuomei, Junqin, Deloitte, zene, walong, Ganning, yunta and Gangri. Shanglaxiu township is located in duolamake, which has jurisdiction over seven animal husbandry committees including Jiaqiao, Duola, Malong, shaning, Rima, Quxin and Bolong. Anchong township is located in laze, which has jurisdiction over five animal husbandry committees, namely, JIRA, laze, Yeji, Caiye and Bulang. Xiaxiaxiu township is located in Longxi temple. It has nine animal husbandry committees, namely, zuandou, Sulu, Tama, Baima, Gaoqiang, Gama, dangkama, yejinima and rari. Zhongda Township, located in Zengda, has jurisdiction over four animal husbandry committees, namely, Dianda, Tangda, Xiege and Gala. Batang township is located in tielijiao, with jurisdiction over seven animal husbandry committees, namely, chalai, goutuo, Xianggu, Laoye, shangbatang, chingtang and tielijiao. Xiaosumang Township, located in changqingke, has nine animal husbandry committees, namely xizha, benjiang, zhaqiu, rangduo, duolong, Xiexin, Jiangxi, modi and Caoge.

In August 2006, xiaxiaxiu township was abolished and xiaxiaxiu town was established.? Haxiu township was restored in 1949. After the adjustment, the county governs 3 towns and 6 townships: Jiegu Town, Longbao Town, xiaxiaxiu Town, Zhongda Town, Batang Town, xiaosumang Town, shanglaxiu Town, haxiu town and anchong town.

On July 3, 2013, the Ministry of Civil Affairs approved the cancellation of Yushu county and the establishment of Yushu city at county level in Qinghai Province (min Han [2013] No. 219): with the approval of the State Council, it was agreed to cancel Yushu county and establish Yushu city at county level, with the former administrative region of Yushu County as the administrative region of Yushu city. Yushu Municipal People's government is located at 199 Jiegu Avenue, Jiegu town. Yushu city is under the jurisdiction of Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. On November 1, Yushu city was officially established.

In April 2014, Jiegu town was abolished and Jiegu street, Xihang street, zhaxike street and Xinzhai street were established.

Zoning details

By the end of 2018, Yushu had jurisdiction over 4 streets, 2 towns, 5 townships, 62 Village Animal Husbandry committees, 259 production cooperatives and 16 communities. The Municipal People's government is located in Jiegu street.

Streets: Jiegu street, Xihang street, zhaxike street, Xinzhai street

Towns: Longbao Town, xiaxiaxiu town

Townships: Zhongda Township, Batang Township, xiaosumang Township, shanglaxiu Township, anchong township

population

By the end of 2018, the total resident population of the Prefecture was 416600, an increase of 7100 over the previous year. According to urban and rural areas: 152700 urban permanent residents, accounting for 36.65% of the total, 0.05% higher than the previous year; 263900 rural permanent residents, accounting for 63.35% of the total.

Registered residence registered residence in the registered residence registered 414 thousand and 400 people in the end of 2018, including 70 thousand and 300 registered residence population in urban areas, 344 thousand and 100 in rural household register, 83% of the total population, and 409 thousand and 600 in the registered residence population, accounting for 98.8% of the registered population.

geographical environment

geographical position

Yushu city is located in the east of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, in the east of Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, bordering Tibet Autonomous Region in the East and Southeast, Nangqian County in the southwest, Zaduo County in the west, Zhiduo County in the northwest, qumalai County, Chengduo county and Sichuan Province in the north and northeast. It starts from east longitude 95 ° 41 ′ 40 ″ in the west, east longitude 97 ° 44 ′ 34 ″, longitude difference 2 ° 02 ′ 54 ″, South longitude 33 ° 44 ′ 44 ″, north latitude 33 ° 46 ′ 44 ″, latitude difference 1 ° 05 ′ 10 ″. It is 189.5 km wide from east to west and 194.3 km long from north to south.

topographic features

The terrain of Yushu city is mainly plateau, with an average altitude of 4493.4 meters. The whole terrain is high in the northwest and central part, and low in the southeast and northeast. The terrain is complex and towering. The landform is dominated by high mountains, valleys and mountain plains. There are many small basins and lake basins between them. The highest peak baojunse is 5752 meters above sea level. The east part of Yushu city is up to Jinsha River, with an average altitude of 4493.4 meters There are 951 peaks on the mountain, most of which are covered with snow all the year round. The terrain is close to the west mountain of Sichuan in the East, the north section of Hengduan Mountains in the south, and the main part of Plateau in the West. The terrain is high and complex. The backbone of the terrain is composed of sejigaya Gela mountain, which is the remnant of Tanggula Mountain. It runs through the middle of the county from east to west, winding and forming a dendritic mountain. It is the watershed of the two major river basins.

hydrology

Yushu is an important part of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and forms a natural region of its own system in the hinterland of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the Lancang River all originate in this area, which is known as the source of rivers and the Chinese water tower. Tongtian River in the north, the city longitudinally across the Yangtze River and Lancang River two major water systems, two tributaries network of the city. Tongtianhe, Zhaqu and Baqu flow through Yushu city.

climate

Yushu city is a typical plateau alpine climate. There are no four seasons in the whole year, only cold and warm seasons. The cold season lasts for 7-8 months, while the warm season lasts for 4-5 months. The average annual temperature is 2.9 ℃, the average temperature in January is - 7.5 ℃, and the average temperature in July is 12.5 ℃. The annual precipitation is 487 mm. There are 5000 hectares of arable land, 1.163 million hectares of grassland and 29000 hectares of forest.

natural resources

plant resources

Yushu city has more than 400 kinds of medicinal materials, such as Cordyceps sinensis, Fritillaria cirrhosa, rhubarb, Artemisia capillaris, Saussurea involucrata, bupleurum, Gentiana macrophylla, Huangjiang, astragalus, notopterygium, Scutellaria baicalensis, musk, pilose antler, keel, seabuckthorn, Rhododendron, etc. Edible wild plants have jute (commonly known as ginseng fruit).

Animal resources

There are more than 100 kinds of wild animals in Yushu City, among which 16 species are listed as national protected animals and rare wild animals, mainly including white eared pheasant, Tibetan snow pheasant, black necked Crane, rock sheep, wild donkey, musk deer, lynx, snow leopard, brown bear, rhesus monkey, Tibetan Fox, Hu vulture, etc.

mineral resources

The main mineral resources of Yushu city are silver, lead, zinc, placer gold, etc. There are many kinds of minerals, complete categories and rich reserves. Non ferrous minerals include iron, copper, lead and zinc; precious metal minerals include gold and silver; fuel minerals include coal and non-metallic minerals

Chinese PinYin : Qing Hai Sheng Yu Shu Cang Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Yu Shu Shi