Banma County, Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province

Bama County Bama County is located in the southeastern part of the prefecture, bordering Sichuan Province in the East and south. The county government is located in MoBa Township, 315 kilometers away from the prefecture government. It is mainly Tibetan, accounting for more than 95% of the total population, as well as Han, Hui, Tu and other ethnic groups. It governs 8 townships and 1 town. The annual average temperature of Bama County is - 1.0 ~ 2.8 ℃, and the temperature decreases with the increase of altitude. In the annual variation of temperature in Bama County, the highest temperature is in July, the monthly average temperature is 11 ℃, the lowest in January, and the monthly average temperature is - 9.8 ℃. But there is a significant feature that the temperature rises quickly and drops rapidly, and the cooling range is greater than the warming range.

The total land area of Bama County is 6138 square kilometers, accounting for 8.03% of the total area of the prefecture. The grassland area is 396700 hectares, accounting for 62.07% of the total area of Bama County, of which the usable area is 33.60 hectares and the cultivated area is 1248.47 hectares, accounting for 0.2% of the total area. The per capita land occupation of Bama County is nearly four times of that of the whole Prefecture. Banma County banma Tibetan Diaolou group, make river forest district and other tourist attractions.

In 2018, there were 8211 households and 30055 people in Bama County. Among them, there are 5331 urban population and 24724 rural population.

In April 2020, Bama County will withdraw from the sequence of poor counties. In October 2020, it was rated as the national model city (county) of double support.

Evolution of organizational system

In the eighth year of Zhenguan, Dangxiang departments were attached, and banma County entered the territory of Tang Dynasty.

In the 10th year of Zhenguan, the army of the Tubo Kingdom entered the southern part of Qinghai, and banma county is now occupied by Tubo.

In the second year of Huichang, civil strife broke out in the Tubo Kingdom, and the leaders of various tribes in the southern part of Qinghai Province, including today's banma County, acted on their own.

In the third year of Jiaxi's reign, the Mongolian army marched into Tibet. Today, the banma area and the southern part of Qinghai province belong to the Mongolian Khanate.

In the 16th year of the reign of emperor Jiaxi, Kublai sent troops to Dali, Yunnan Province, and spread to the Mako River Basin by way of ABA, Ganzi and Jinchuan.

In the first year of the reign of the Communist Party of China (CPC), banma area was controlled by the "Marshal's office of the Xuanwei envoys in Tubo and other places" in Sichuan Province, and began to implement the Tusi system.

In the 12th year of Chongzhen, Gushi Khan, the Mongolian horut tribe of erlut, led the Qinghai Mongolian army to march into Kangqu district and transferred to Tibet. Before and after that, Bama area belonged to the right wing of Qinghai Mongolia.

In the 60th year of Kangxi, banma now belongs to zhanglaying, Songpan, maodao, chengjinlong, Sichuan.

In the first year of Yongzheng, Qing Yan sent troops to suppress Guoluo and passed by Bama.

In the seventh year of Daoguang reign of Xuanzong, he qiongjie, the leader of the Kanggan tribe in jilitang, Bama County, led seven herdsmen to flee to live in galalacuo, Heihe Township, Maduo County.

In the 20th year of Daoguang reign of Xuanzong, Caen temple was built.

In the sixth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of Dezong, the third living Buddha of duozhiqian, danqian, rebuilt Zhiqin temple.

In the 24th year of the Republic of China, Bama was under the jurisdiction of the administrative supervision area of Golog.

On March 5, 2001, Qinghai provincial government issued the reply of Qingzheng letter No.14: to abolish MoBa Township and establish and name it sailaitang town (the government's residence remains unchanged); to abolish banqian Township and merge it into Dengta township. After the adjustment, Bama County governs one town and eight townships: sailaitang Town, duogongma Township, makohe Township, Jika Township, Daka Township, Zhiqin Township, jiangritang Township, yaltang Township and Dengta township.

At the end of 2001, banma county had 31 animal husbandry committees in one town and eight townships. Sailaitang town is located in Jeddah. It has three pastoral committees, namely bannao, Dehuan and Heke. Dhaka township is located in Dora ansondo, with jurisdiction over four pastoral committees, namely, duoniang, Dongzhong, zuolo and lanmuqing. Jika township should be Wuda in Jika, and it has jurisdiction over three pastoral committees: Dangwu, Gongma and mani. Dengta Township, located in qingmuda, has jurisdiction over six animal husbandry committees, namely yaoshidao, Kepei, gerize, Zhongzhi, renqinggang and banqian. Jiangritang township is located in beizagongba, which has jurisdiction over three animal husbandry committees: Garima, duoima and AQIANG. Yaltang township is located in lemuka, which has jurisdiction over three animal husbandry committees: wangrou, rihedong and guomang. Zhiqin township is located in chimida and has three pastoral committees, namely Kaimai, Chigou and Zhiqin. Makohe township is located in Zeda and has jurisdiction over three animal husbandry committees, namely zeduo, malolie and Zeda. Duogongma township is located in suohuatang, which has jurisdiction over three animal husbandry committees, namely, Madang Wu, manzhang and duogongma.

In April 2020, Bama County will withdraw from the sequence of poor counties.

geographical environment

Location context

Bama County is subordinate to Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. It is located in the southeast of the Autonomous Prefecture and the upper reaches of Dadu River. It is located at 99 ° 45 ′ ~ 101 ° 14 ′ E and 32 ° 27 ′ ~ 33 ° 18 ′ n. it borders ABA, Rangtang and Seda counties in Sichuan Province in the southeast, Seda county and dari County in Sichuan Province in the west, and Jiuzhi County in Sichuan Province in the north. It is about 137 km long from east to west and 96 km wide from north to south. The easternmost longitude is 101 ° 14 ′ e, the southernmost latitude is 32 ° 27 ′ n, the westernmost longitude is 99 ° 45 ′ e, and the northernmost latitude is 33 ° 18 ′ n.

landforms

Bama County is located in the edge of Qingchuan, is a high mountain. There are many small grasslands and narrow river valleys in banma county. The altitude is about 4000-5000 meters. Duoniangshan, the main peak, is 5050 meters above sea level. The terrain is relatively large. The slope is generally 40-60 degrees, and the maximum is even 80 degrees. The air is thin and the climbing is difficult. Renyushan is located in the east of the territory on both sides of the Mako River, east-west trend, extending 50 kilometers from west to East into Sichuan. The altitude is about 3500-5000 meters, with large fluctuation and steep slope, generally about 37-60 degrees, and the maximum slope can reach 80 degrees.

climate

Bama County belongs to the continental plateau climate, and the temperature decreases with the increase of altitude. In the annual variation of temperature in Bama County, the highest temperature is in July, the monthly average temperature is 11 ℃, the lowest in January, and the monthly average temperature is - 9.8 ℃. But there is a significant feature that the temperature rises quickly and drops rapidly, and the cooling range is greater than the warming range. The average annual precipitation in banma county is 665.3-767.2mm. The annual total radiation of sunshine is 590.1-606.7kgc m2. The annual average wind speed is 1.7 m / s. The average wind speed from March to April is more than 2.0 M / s, and from July to January is about 1.5 m / s. The prevailing wind direction is northwest wind and northwest wind. The prevailing wind in banma County in January and July is northwest wind and northwest wind respectively, but there is a sub prevailing wind in southeast direction opposite to the prevailing wind direction in July.

administrative division

In 2010, Bama County governs 8 townships and 1 town, including jiangritang Township, Daka Township, Jika Township, Dengta Township, duogongma Township, makahe Township, yaritang Township, Zhiqin Township, sailaitang Town, etc.

Population nationality

In 2007, banma county had a population of 27000, mainly Tibetan, accounting for more than 95% of the total population, as well as Han, Hui, Tu and other ethnic groups.

By the end of 2018, there were 8211 households and 30055 people in Bama County. Among them, there are 5331 urban population and 24724 rural population.

In 2018, 354 people were born in the county, with a birth rate of 12.13 ‰ and a natural growth rate of 7.15 ‰. The mortality was 4.48 ‰.

Current leader

natural resources

land resource

In 2007, the total land area of Bama County was 6138 square kilometers, accounting for 8.03% of the total area of the prefecture. The grassland area is 396700 hectares, accounting for 62.07% of the total area of Bama County, of which the usable area is 33.60 hectares and the cultivated area is 1248.47 hectares, accounting for 0.2% of the total area. The per capita land occupation of Bama County is nearly four times of that of the whole Prefecture.

Banma county has 147560 hectares of forest land, accounting for 23% of the land area, including 12624 hectares of forest land, accounting for 8.5% of the forest land, 61474 hectares of open forest land, accounting for 401% of the forest land, and 126108 hectares of shrub land, accounting for 85% of the forest land.

Hydropower resources

There are many rivers in Bama, including Mako River, duoke River, Keke River and luoqu river. The total theoretical reserves of hydropower are 29834 kilowatts, with an average of 48.61 kilowatts per square kilometer. The exploitable hydropower resources are 17489kw, most of which are distributed in duoke River and Mako River, accounting for 58.62% of the hydropower resources in Bama County.

Biological resources

forest

The forest area is 147560 hectares, accounting for 23% of the total land area, including 12624 hectares of forest land, accounting for 85% of the forest land, 6147 hectares of open forest land, accounting for 0.1%, 126108 hectares of shrub land, accounting for 85%, and 1671 hectares of barren mountains, accounting for 1.7%. There are more than 90 species of woody plants in 20 families, among which there are more than 10 species of arbor species in 4 families and 80 species of shrub species in 16 families. Spruce is the dominant tree species, and a small number of birch, Sabina vulgaris, Populus davidiana and willow. Shrubs are mainly Rhododendron, Salix Montana, Spiraea Montana, etc. The undergrowth shrubs are Lonicera microphylla and Rosa Emei.

grassland

There are 5 sub types, 7 groups and more than 30 types of alpine meadow and mountain meadow. Grazing pastures are widely distributed in valleys, valleys and beaches at an altitude of 3700-4700 meters, sunny, semi sunny, shady, semi shady slopes of mountains, and alpine areas at the top of mountains. The grassland area is 6.15 million mu, and the usable area is 5.046 million mu.

Wild plant

Bama County has superior natural conditions and a wide variety of wild plants. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 50 families and 700 species. They are Cupressaceae, Pinaceae, Salicaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cruciferae, Rosaceae, Leguminosae, Labiatae, Compositae, Gramineae, Cyperaceae, junaceae, Liliaceae, Oleaceae, loniceraceae, Ranunculaceae, Polygonaceae, etc. The main excellent forages are: Elymus nutans, Poa, facao

Chinese PinYin : Qing Hai Sheng Guo Luo Cang Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Ban Ma Xian