Maqin County, Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province

Maqin County, located in the southeast of Qinghai Province and the northeast of Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, is a national "Three River source" ecological protection zone. The total area of the county in 2019 is 13460.12 square kilometers, of which the grassland area is 1175700 hectares, and the usable grassland area is 1085300 hectares, accounting for 92.3% of the grassland area. It is a typical plateau mountain type with an average altitude of more than 4100 meters. Now it has jurisdiction over 6 townships, 2 towns, 35 administrative villages and 96 animal husbandry cooperatives. In 2013, the GDP reached 1.733 billion yuan.

In December 2016, it was listed as the third batch of national new urbanization comprehensive pilot areas. On December 29, 2018, it was named the Sixth Batch of national demonstration areas (units) for national unity and progress by the National People's commission. On April 21, 2020, Maqin county will withdraw from the poverty-stricken county. In October 2020, it was awarded the advanced collective of poverty alleviation in 2019.

Historical evolution

The Wei, Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties belonged to the pastoral area of Dangxiang Qiang.

In Tang Dynasty, it was established to "win over Zhou".

Yuan Dynasty belongs to "Marshal's office of Tibet and other road Xuanwei envoys".

The Ming Dynasty was under the jurisdiction of duogan xingdusi and shuote Mongolian regime.

In the Qing Dynasty, it was the pastoral land of 100 families in shangguoluoke and 1000 families in zhongguoluoke. After Qinghai was founded, it was directly under the provincial government.

In 1935, it was a territory of Guoluo administrative supervision district.

In 1940, the Administration Bureau of Xile was set up.

It was abolished in 1946.

Maqin area was liberated in June 1952.

In 1954, the people's Government of Gande county was established, and Maqin Prefecture was under the jurisdiction of Gande County, with dangluoyouchi (ranluo) and Dawu maicang district governments.

Maqin county was established in October 1957.

On March 5, 2001, Qinghai provincial government issued the reply of qingzhenghan No.14: to abolish the two townships of Lajia and Jungong and merge them into Lajia town; to abolish Dangxiang Township and merge them into dangluo township. After the adjustment, Maqin county has jurisdiction over 2 towns and 7 townships: Dawu Town, laga Town, Dawu Township, dongqinggou Township, Xueshan Township, xiadawu Township, Changmahe Township, Youyun Township and dangluo Township, and 31 animal husbandry committees.

At the end of 2001, Maqin county had jurisdiction over 2 towns, 7 townships and 31 animal husbandry committees. Dawu town is located in Dawu, and there is no animal husbandry committee within its jurisdiction. Laga town is located in laga, which has jurisdiction over 11 pastoral committees, including Shi rouqian, zangen, ha Xia, Russian Heke, Taixi, lad, yehecha, jiasihu, mashitang, sairituo and quwa. Dawu township is located in sangduo and has jurisdiction over three animal husbandry committees, namely, jiangqin, Halong and Rijin. Dongqinggou Township, located in qurumatang, has jurisdiction over the current and dongkehe two animal husbandry committees. Xueshan township is located in Gacha and has jurisdiction over yangke River and Yinke River animal husbandry committees. Xiadawu township is located in front of the snow, and has jurisdiction over three animal husbandry committees: nianzha, Qingshui and niqing. Changmahe township is located in Changmahe, which has jurisdiction over two animal husbandry committees, namely, Chazang and Xuema. Youyun township is located in the central station, which has jurisdiction over Youqu, derdang and yangsang animal husbandry committees. Dangluo township is located in dangluo and has five pastoral committees, namely, Geya, gabqing, GANGLONG, Kanba and chache.

In August 2006, Changmahe township was abolished and merged into Youyun township. After the adjustment, Maqin county has jurisdiction over two towns and six townships: Dawu Town, laga Town, Dawu Township, dongqinggou Township, Xueshan Township, xiadawu Township, Youyun Township and dangluo township.

On April 21, 2020, Maqin county will withdraw from the poverty-stricken county.

administrative division

Maqin county was established in June 1958. In 2010, Maqin county had jurisdiction over Dawu Town, laga Town, Dawu Township, dongqinggou Township, Xueshan Township, dangluo Township, Youyun Township, xiadawu Township and other 2 towns and 6 townships, 35 animal husbandry committees and 93 animal husbandry cooperatives.

In August 2006, Changmahe township was abolished and merged into Youyun township (Dawu town). The animal husbandry Committee was changed into an administrative village, with 35 administrative villages and 96 animal husbandry cooperatives.

geographical environment

position

Maqin County, located in Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province, is a national "Three River source" ecological protection zone. Between 33 ° 43 'n and 35 ° 16' n and 98 ° 100 ° 56 'E. It is adjacent to Maqu County of Gansu Province in the East, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Henan Mongolian Autonomous County in the northeast, Tongde County and Xinghai County of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the north, Maduo County and dari County in the west, and Gande County in the south.

landforms

Gaoshan county is located in the northwest and north of Gaoshan County, surrounded by high mountains, with Jishi mountains stretching throughout the whole territory, and Animaqing snow mountains winding in the north, with the mountain range trend of northwest and Southeast. The high mountains above 4500 meters above the sea level are mostly composed of erosion. The rocks are exposed, which are bedrock and metamorphic rocks. The coarse and fine clastic rocks are the main ones. The cold weathering is strong, which belongs to the development of freeze erosion topography.

The low mountains are distributed to the east of Animaqing mountain, with overlapping mountains, winding undulation and crisscross canyons. The sea level is 4000 meters, the relative height is 300-800 meters, and the slope is generally more than 30 degrees. In some areas, it can reach more than 50 degrees. The valley is narrow, mostly V-shaped, with no beach or only small scattered beach.

The hills are distributed among the middle and high mountains in the county, the relative height is only tens of meters, the slope is gentle, and the hillside surface is covered with vegetation.

Beaches, such as Dawu town and YEMA beach, have a sea level of 3700-4020 meters and a flat terrain with a slope of 1-3 degrees.

The valley is widely distributed in the county, with an elevation of 2900-3600 meters. Some of the valleys are narrow, while others are wide and flat. Local low water, poor drainage, more surface water, high groundwater level, soil is often in a seasonal or long-term ponding state, a gas environment, weak microbial activity, organic matter accumulation is obvious, forming a swamp.

climate

Maqin county has a continental cold and moist climate, which is quite different between the East and the West. The northwest is cold and humid, and the southeast is cold and humid. The annual average temperature is - 3.8-3.5 ℃, with low temperature and large daily temperature difference. The annual precipitation is 423-565 mm, mostly from June to September. The annual sunshine duration is 2313-2607 hours, and the relative sunshine is 45% - 63%. There are no obvious four seasons in a year. Winter is cold and long, lasting for eight or nine months. It is dry and windy in spring. Summer and autumn are short and rainy, often accompanied by heavy rain and hail. There is no absolute frost free period in the rest areas except for the 80-95 day frost free period in the areas around the Yellow River in Lajia town.

phenology

The growth period of perennial forage in Maqin county is consistent with the average temperature at the beginning of 0 ℃ and the end of 5 ℃. Therefore, the first day when the average temperature at the beginning of 0 ℃ is the initial seedling stage, and the end of 5 ℃ is the withered yellow stage. In Dawu area, the period of germination and regreening is generally in the middle of April, the period of withering and yellowing is in the late September, and the growth period is about 150 days. In Western China, the period of germination and regreening is usually in the first ten days of May, and the period of withering and yellowing is in the first ten days of September. The growth period is about 110 days.

hydrology

Maqin county has a vast territory, with great terrain change and great height difference. The precipitation mainly comes from the warm climate of northwest and Southeast over the bay of Bengal in the Indian Ocean, followed by the moisture from northwest and Southeast. The average annual precipitation is 513.2 mm in Dawu, 441.9 mm in Youyun, 565.9 mm in dangluo, 529 mm in dongqinggou, 423.2 mm in Jungong, 484.9 mm in Xueshan and 423.2 mm in Lajia. The natural flow of each river is mainly supplied by precipitation. The average annual runoff of the county is 1.728 billion cubic meters.

natural resources

Forestry resources

The forest in Maqin county is mainly distributed in the South Bank of the Yellow River in Jungong, Lajia, Xueshan, dongqinggou and Dawu townships and the river valleys on both sides of qiemuqu and Deke rivers, with an altitude of 3200-4200 meters. The dominant tree species are Picea crassifolia and Sabina przewalskii, and Betula platyphylla and Populus cathayana. Picea crassifolia is mainly distributed in the shady slope along the Yellow River, with zonal distribution and pure forest. Sabina przewalskii is mainly distributed in the sunny and semi sunny slopes of the first and second tributaries of the Yellow River, and qiemuqu, Xiuqiong, Xiuqian and Deke River are the main distribution areas. Betula platyphylla was mixed with Picea crassifolia on the semi shady and semi sunny slopes. Populus cathayana is distributed along the Yellow River with few pure forests.

wild animal

There are more than 20 kinds of wild animals (economic mammals) in the county, which can be divided into five categories according to the economic types: rare and precious animals, medicinal animals, ornamental animals, meat animals and fur animals. The famous ones are wild ox, wild donkey, antelope, white lipped deer, rock sheep, argali, snow leopard, musk deer, brown bear, lynx, yellow sheep, elk, otter, jackal, etc., which are widely distributed in the whole county, and more distributed in xiadawu, Xueshan, dongqinggou, laga, and Jungong. Wild birds are rare birds protected by the state: Black necked Crane, swan, spotted goose, red mallard, brown headed European, eagle, eagle, eagle, blue eared pheasant, snow pheasant, etc.; general birds are spotted chicken, stone chicken, owl, Harrier, magpie, pigeon, woodpecker, sparrow, etc.; seasonal birds or migratory birds are geese, swallow, wild duck, yellow duck, cuckoo, etc. The main fishes are Qinghai Huangyu.

Grassland resources

In 2007, there were 1175800 hectares of natural grassland in Maqin County, accounting for 87.89% of the total land area of the county, including 108530 hectares of usable grassland.

Alpine meadow

It is the main part of the natural grassland in the territory, widely distributed in the mountain top, beach and mountain sunny slope of 3800-4500m above sea level. The usable grassland area is 452700 hectares, accounting for 41.71% of the total usable grassland area in the county. There are many kinds of herbage, most of which are mesophytic and perennial. The dominant species are Kobresia Kobresia, Kobresia humilis, Kobresia lineata, Kobresia graminearum and one species of Carex, with a total coverage of 78-90%. This kind of grassland is soft and leafy, with high nutrient content, strong palatability and grazing resistance, which is a good pasture for grazing sheep.

Alpine swamps

Chinese PinYin : Qing Hai Sheng Guo Luo Cang Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Ma Qin Xian