Fenghuang County, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province

Fenghuang County, belonging to Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hunan Province, is located on the western edge of Hunan Province. It borders Luxi County in the East, Jishou City and Huayuan County in the north, Mayang Miao Autonomous County of Huaihua City in the south, and Songtao Miao Autonomous County of Tongren City in Guizhou Province in the West. It is between 109 ° 18 ′ - 109 ° 48 ′ E and 27 ° 44 ′ - 28 ° 19 ′ n, 66 km long from north to South and 50 km wide from east to west, with a total area of 1759.1 square kilometers. About 0.84% of Hunan Province, accounting for 8.12% of the prefecture.

Fenghuang is a national historical and cultural city, one of the first batch of strong tourism counties in China, a national AAAA scenic spot, and one of the eight counties and cities under the jurisdiction of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hunan Province. It is historically known as "supporting Yunnan and Guizhou in the west, controlling Chenyuan in the East, controlling Sichuan and Hubei in the north, and connecting Guangxi in the South". With a long history, the buildings of Ming and Qing Dynasties in Fenghuang ancient city are well preserved. There are 85 cultural relics protection units above the county level, including 2 national level and 8 provincial level. There are 116 ancient sites, more than 120 characteristic dwellings, and more than 10000 precious cultural relics and various rare fossils in the county. It is one of the counties and cities with the most existing cultural relics in Southwest China.

By the end of 2018, Fenghuang County has 13 towns and 4 townships with a permanent population of 339700, realizing a GDP of 8.10267 billion yuan, of which the added value of the primary industry is 90724 million yuan, the added value of the secondary industry is 110820 million yuan, and the added value of the tertiary industry is 608723 million yuan. The tertiary industrial structure is 11.2:13.7:75.1, and the per capita GDP is 23852 Yuan. The seventh batch of national demonstration areas (units) for national unity and progress. On February 29, 2020, the people's Government of Hunan Province agreed to withdraw Fenghuang County from poverty-stricken counties. On January 29, 2021, it was selected into the list of areas with remarkable achievements in real work in 2020 announced by Hunan Provincial People's government.

Historical evolution

According to the records of Fenghuang hall, before Xia, Shang, yin and Zhou dynasties, it was the place of Miao man in Wushan.

During the Warring States period, it belonged to Chu territory. In 277 BC, Emperor Zhaowang of Qin Dynasty established Qianzhong county.

After the king of Qin won and unified the Central Plains, he divided the vast area under his jurisdiction into 36 counties, one of which was Qianzhong county where Fenghuang was located.

In the fifth year of emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty (202 BC), Qianzhong county was changed into Wuling county. After several changes, Fenghuang was under the jurisdiction of Chenyang county during the Western Han Dynasty.

Tan Cheng County in the Western Jin Dynasty, Wuyang County in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but has always been under the jurisdiction of Wuling county.

According to Yuanhe county annals, in 686, the second year of chuigong in Tang Dynasty, Weiyang county was set up at the site of Poxi, and it was recorded that the mountains were very high and the people ate the mountains and streams. Poshan refers to Fenghuang mountain. There is a county in the west of Poshan. According to the research, the ancient county site is now huangsiqiao ancient city. Ancient Weiyang county is located in Luyang County of Jinzhou.

In the Yuan Dynasty, in order to stabilize the political power, the rulers set up wuzhaisi in Weiyang, and the Wuzhai officer was stationed in Zhengan.

In 1569, Fenghuang camp was set up in Fenghuang mountain, and Zhengan garrison was set up in 1513. In the 33rd year of Jiajing reign of Ming Dynasty (1554), Mayang was transferred to zhengancheng.

In 1646, deputy general of Zhengan association was set up. In 1700, Zhengan became one of the 62 towns in Qing Dynasty. Kangxi 43 years (1704) waste Tusi, set Fenghuang camp in today's County, moving Chen Yuanjing road in town pole. Zhengan has become one of the 89 roads in China. In 1729, Yongshun Prefecture was set up in Northwest Hunan Province. Chenyuan Jingdao was changed into Chenyuan Yongjing bingbei Dao. The town and Taoist officials lived in Fenghuang and governed more than 20 prefectures and counties in Western Hunan. According to records, it is one of the eight bingbei Dao in China. In the 53rd year of Qianlong (1791), Fenghuang camp was changed into Hall (scattered Hall), and Tongzhi was upgraded to Tongzhi; in the 2nd year of Jiaqing (1797), Zhili hall was upgraded to scattered hall.

In 1913, it was changed into a county, called Fenghuang County.

administrative division

By 2018, Fenghuang County has 13 towns and 4 townships. The people's Government of Fenghuang county is located in Tuojiang town.

geographical environment

Location context

Fenghuang county is located in the western edge of Hunan Province, the southwest corner of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. It borders Luxi County in the East, Jishou City and Huayuan County in the north, Mayang Miao Autonomous County in Huaihua City in the south, and Songtao Miao Autonomous County in Tongren City in Guizhou Province in the West. It is between 109 ° 18 ′ - 109 ° 48 ′ E and 27 ° 44 ′ - 28 ° 19 ′ n, 66 km long from north to South and 50 km wide from east to west, with a total area of 1759.1 square kilometers. About 0.84% of the area of Hunan Province, accounting for 8.12% of the area of Xiangxi Prefecture.

topographic features

The terrain of Fenghuang county is complex. The valley and hilly area in the East and southeast corner is the first step. It is mainly composed of low mountains and high hills, with hillock land and some valley flat land. The surface is cut and broken, and the valley is narrow and steep. Generally, the altitude is below 500 meters, including ganziping, Jixin, Mujiangping, Guanzhuang, Nanhua mountain, Xinchang, liaojiaqiao, shuidatian, Linfeng, Tuojiang Town, etc. the lowest is Zhuzhu Ao in shuidatian Township, which is 170 meters above sea level. The surface material is mainly red rock with some limestone and face rock. The climate is warmer.

The middle zone from northeast to southwest is the second step, with an altitude of 500-800m, including ciyan, Chatian, alaying, luochaojing, Machong, Duli, qiangongping, Shanjiang, Muli and a part of sangongqiao. It is mainly composed of middle and low mountains and low mountain plains. The terrain is relatively gentle and open, with few valleys, gentle slopes, many long fields, widespread limestone, many Tiankeng caves and moderate climate.

The middle mountain area in the northwest is the third step. Above 800 meters above sea level, it is part of Miliang, Liubo, Heku, lianglin, laershan and sangongqiao. In these places, limestone accounts for 95% of the earth's surface composition. The earth's surface fluctuates gently with a slope of 5-20 degrees. In the marginal zone, the mountain ranges are continuous, the valley is deep and the slope is steep. The climate is colder.

Climatic characteristics

Fenghuang has a humid monsoon climate in the middle subtropics, but Zhongshan Mountain in the Northwest has the nature of North subtropics. Due to the difference of topography between the northwest and the southeast, the climate can be divided into three types. The first type is the northwest alpine mountain area (the northern half of laer mountain area and Shanjiang area), with an altitude of more than 700 meters; the second type is the warmer area (the southern part of Jixin district and suburban area), and the rest is the third type, which is between the two types. Generally, the temperature difference between cold mountain area and warm area is 5-6 ℃, and the solar term difference is about 15 days.

cloudiness

The county is located in the edge of the national cloudy central area, with an average annual cloud cover of more than 80% and an average annual fog day of 35 days. Therefore, the sunshine is less. It is located in the national low illumination central area and the low value central area in Northwest Hunan, but it is still enough to meet the needs of normal crop growth.

air temperature

The whole county is located in the low heat area of Western Hunan, with an annual average temperature of 15.9 degrees, the number of days greater than or equal to 35 degrees, only 10.5 days in the whole year, and the annual average sunshine difference of 8.3 degrees.

precipitation

Fenghuang county is located in the east of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau, with an average annual rainfall of only 1308.1 mm. The annual rainfall is the least in the prefecture, and it is also one of the rainless areas in the province. However, due to the blocking and uplifting effect of the mountainous overcast terrain on the warm air flow. The drought in the laer mountains is often lighter than that in the suburbs.

wind

In Fenghuang County, northerly wind prevails in winter and southerly wind prevails in summer. Therefore, affected by the atmospheric circulation, it is the most obvious monsoon circulation.

Water system hydrology

The water system of Fenghuang county belongs to the Yangtze River system, which is traced back to Yuan river system through Dongting Lake, and then to Wushui or chenshui river system. There are 156 rivers and gullies in the county, with a total length of 709 km. From southwest to northeast, the rivers are distributed in branches, and there are 40 rivers with drainage area of more than 10 square kilometers or main stream length of more than 5 kilometers. There are four main rivers.

Tuojiang River

The largest river in Fenghuang county is a tributary of Wushui river. It has two sources: WuChao River in the north and hekudusha Nanshan gorge in the north. It has dangerous beaches, rapid flow, rising rain and many obstacles to travel. Tuojiang River runs through the central part of the county from west to East and flows through laershan, Machong, luochaojing, Duli, Tuojiang Town, Guanzhuang, Mujiangping and other towns. The county is 96.9 kilometers long and the drainage area is 732.42 square kilometers. The annual average discharge is 11.89 m3 / s, and the natural height difference is 533M.

Wan Rongjiang

In the north of Fenghuang County, it is a secondary tributary of Wushui. In the county, it flows through Shanjiang, Muli, Jixin, sanqiaoqiao, ganziping and other towns, with a length of 38.7 km, a drainage area of 290.2 square kilometers, an average annual flow of 6.5 m3 / s, and a natural elevation difference of 551 M.

Bainijiang

Baiyanjiang, also known as baiyanjiang, is a tributary of chenshui, originated in Yangjiazhai, Fenghuang County. It is about 36.1km long in the county, with a drainage area of 340.26km. The annual average discharge is 7.53 m3 / s and the natural height difference is 302 M.

natural resources

land resource

In 2018, Fenghuang County had 34174 hectares of arable land and 27559 hectares of basic farmland. The annual construction land occupied 781.3 mu of cultivated land, and the supplementary cultivated land index was 1448.9 mu (929.9 mu for paddy field and 519 mu for dry land). The forestry land area is 110847.6 hectares, the woodland area is 75703.6 hectares, and the total volume of standing trees in the county is 4335736 thousand cubic meters. There are two provincial nature reserves in the county, covering an area of 17338 hectares, including two sheep reserves of 8838 hectares and jiuchongyan reserve of 8500 hectares. The forest coverage rate was stable at 58%.

mineral resources

Metallic minerals

phoenix

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