Huangyuan County, Xining City, Qinghai Province

Huangyuan County Huangyuan county is located in the East Bank of Qinghai Lake, the east foot of the sun and the moon, and the upper reaches of Huangshui River. It is the junction of the eastern agricultural region and the western animal husbandry region, the Loess Plateau and the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and the Tibetan culture and the Han culture. The Qinghai Tibet railway, national highway 109 and 315 pass through it. It is known as the "thoroughfare of the sea and Tibet" and the "throat of the sea and Tibet". With a total area of 1545 square kilometers and an altitude of 2470-4898 meters, the county governs 7 townships, 2 towns, 146 administrative villages and 8 communities, with a permanent resident population of 136898. There are 13 ethnic minorities, including Tibetan, Hui, Mongolian and Turkish.

In March 2020, it won the title of national advanced county of village cleaning action, and was praised by the central agricultural office and the Ministry of agriculture and rural areas.

Historical evolution

Huangyuan, in the three dynasties (Xia, Shang, Western Zhou) and spring and Autumn period, was called "Xirong's land".

In the early Qin Dynasty, the whole country was divided into 36 counties. At that time, Longxi County actually controlled the eastern part of Qinghai, including today's Huangyuan.

Linqiang county was established in the second year of shenjue (60bc) of Xuandi of Han Dynasty. Huangyuan belongs to Linqiang county and belongs to Jincheng county.

During the period of Cao Wei, because of military needs, the county government moved to the North Bank of Huangshui. Huangshui River is an important tributary of the upper reaches of the Yellow River. According to Hanshu, "Huangshui River flows out of Jincheng, outside the Qiang Great Wall, and into the river in the East.". Huangyuan means "the source of Huangshui". From the Kayue culture unearthed in Huangyuan and Yangshao culture discovered in the lower reaches of Huangshui, it can be seen that the Huangshui River Basin has a long and splendid history as the Central Plains of the motherland.

In AD 4, Wang Mang set up Xihai County in the east of Qinghai Lake. In 23 A.D., Wang Mang's regime collapsed, Xihai county was abandoned, and Qiang people occupied Huangyuan again.

Three Kingdoms (220-265) Cao Wei regime set up Xiping County, according to Xiping Pavilion, built south, north, West three cities, as the county, Huangyuan back to Linqiang county.

In the Western Jin Dynasty (265-420), the separatist regimes of Qianliang, Houliang and Nanliang were successively established, which controlled the present Huangyuan and the Huangshui River basin to the East.

In 581, the fifth year of kaihuang of Sui Dynasty, Shibao city was built in Shibao mountain (today's hacheng village, Yuexiang township), with Garrison and garrison. Tubo people called it Tieren city. "There are mountains 30 miles west of Shibao city (now referred to as Harbin City), and the mountains and rocks are all red. It is adjacent to Dashan in the north and Xueshan in the south. It is called Chiling (today's Yueshan). One of the reasons why Riyue mountain is famous at home and abroad is that it has magical and charming color. At the same time, Princess Wencheng's harmony between Han and Tibetan has become a symbol of friendship between Han and Tibetan people and a witness of national cultural exchanges;

Tang Dynasty (618-907) divided the whole country into ten roads, abolished Xiping County, set up Shanzhou Dudu Fu, Huangyuan was Shancheng county. In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan (734) of Tang Dynasty, Huangyuan was changed into the territory of Tubo. Huangyuan became a famous "tea horse market" in Chinese history, so it was erected in Chiling (Riyue mountain) to divide the boundary between Tang Dynasty and Tubo. Since then, with frequent business transactions, Huangyuan has become a fortress from Central Plains to pastoral areas and Tibet. It is said that "Riyue mountain has a boundary between China and foreign countries", and it is also known as "throat of Tibet" and "thoroughfare of Tibet" First name.

Huangyuan is not only a military and diplomatic hub, but also an economic and cultural hub. Today's "commercial capital around the sea" is Huangyuan. In 851, Zhang Yichao, a Han nationality in Shazhou (now Dunhuang in Gansu Province), revolted and restored the Hexi corridor. Gansu and Eastern Qinghai returned to the jurisdiction of the Tang Dynasty. During the period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907-960), the Tubo nobles lost their control over the eastern part of Qinghai. During the Southern Song Dynasty and the Western Xia Dynasty, Huangyuan was once controlled by the Jin people and the Western Xia Dynasty.

Yuan (1227-1253) song LiZong Baoqing three years, Genghis Khan personally led the army, conquered Xining state, Huangyuan belongs to Xining state.

In the fifth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), Xining Prefecture was changed to Xining Wei, and Huangyuan to Xining Wei. At the end of Ming Dynasty, Huangyuan was under the jurisdiction of Xining defense envoy of Dashun regime of Li Zicheng peasant army.

In 1723, the prince of Mongolia, luobuzangdanjin, took Huangyuan as a stronghold to carry out anti Qing activities. Later, by the Qing Fu Yuanda general Nian genyao, he specially authorized "taking the sun and moon mountain as a collection, not moving without permission".

In the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727), the city of dangar (Huangyuan county) was built. In the ninth year of Qianlong (1744), Yang Yingju, the governor of Xining Road, played a role to the Qing government on the ground that dangar road led to Tibet and approached Qinghai, which was the place for the exchange of Han, Tu, Hui, Tibetan, Mongolian and Mongolian Junggar. After that, he specially approved that "all transactions were in the city of dangar, and there was no other way out". Therefore, Huangyuan was known as "little Beijing" . During the reign of Daoguang, due to the trade between Huangyuan and Tibet, and the throat of China and foreign countries, a special lidangar hall was set up, belonging to Xining Prefecture.

In the Republic of China (1912-1949), Xining Prefecture was changed into Binbei Road, and dangaerting was changed into Huangyuan county.

In 1929, Qinghai was separated from Gansu Province and established the Qinghai provincial government, which governs Xining, Datong, Huangyuan, Xunhua, Hualong seven counties and Qinghai Mongolian and Tibetan areas.

Huangyuan was liberated on September 9, 1949. From October 1949 to September 1978, Huangyuan was a county directly under the province. On October 9, 1978, Haidong Prefecture was established, which governs Huangyuan county. On December 5, 1999, Huangyuan was officially put under the jurisdiction of Xining, the provincial capital.

According to the fifth census in 2000, the total population of Huangyuan county is 129814, including 31042 in Chengguan Town, 3404 in Chengjiao Township, 4826 in Dongxia Township, 13591 in Riyue Township, 13790 in Heping Township, 8603 in Bohang Township, 13337 in Dahua Township, 15279 in Shenzhong Township, 7306 in tawan Township, 10992 in Bayan Township and 7644 in Sizhai township.

On January 16, 2001, Qinghai provincial government issued the reply of Qingzheng letter No.7: to abolish Dahua Township and establish Dahua town. At the end of 2001, Huangyuan county had jurisdiction over 2 towns, 9 townships (including 1 ethnic township), 13 neighborhood committees and 147 administrative villages.

At the end of 2003, the total population of Huangyuan county was 134079. It has jurisdiction over 2 towns and 9 townships (including 1 ethnic township): Chengguan Town, Dahua Town, Chengjiao Township, Dongxia Township, Riyue Tibetan Township, Heping Township, Bohang Township, Shenzhong Township, tawan Township, Bayan Township and Sizhai township. It has 8 community neighborhood committees and 147 administrative villages.

In August 2006, tawan township was abolished and merged into Shenzhong township? Dahua town The suburban townships were abolished and merged into Chengguan Town, Dongxia Township and Heping Township respectively. After the adjustment, Huangyuan county has jurisdiction over two towns and seven townships (including one ethnic township): Chengguan Town, Dahua Town, Dongxia Township, Riyue Tibetan Township, Heping Township, Bohang Township, Shenzhong Township, Bayan Township and Sizhai township. The county government is located in Chengguan town.

administrative division

In 2011, Huangyuan County originally governed two towns, six townships and one ethnic township: Chengguan Town, Dahua Town, Dongxia Township, Riyue Tibetan Township, Heping Township, Bohang Township, Shenzhong Township, Bayan Township and Sizhai township. The county people's government is located in Chengguan town.

geographical environment

Location context

Huangyuan county is located at the foot of Riyue mountain in the east of Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the upper reaches of Huangshui River. It is the junction of the eastern agricultural area and the western animal husbandry area of Qinghai Province. Ningge railway, national highway 109 and Qingxin highway pass through the area. It is known as the "thoroughfare of Tibet and sea" and "throat of Tibet and sea". Located between 100 ° 54 ˊ E and 101 ° 25 ˊ E and 36 ° 20 ˊ N and 36 ° 53 ˊ n. It is 41 kilometers wide from east to west and 62 kilometers long from north to south, with a total area of 1509 square kilometers. The altitude is between 2470-4898 meters. It has a continental monsoon climate with an annual average temperature of 3.0 ℃ and a frost free period of 27-71 days. Huangyuan has a long history. It was a place where Qiang people lived in ancient times, and Linqiang county was established in the Western Han Dynasty.

Climatic characteristics

It has a continental monsoon climate with an annual average temperature of 3.0 ℃ and a frost free period of 27-71 days. Long illumination time, strong solar radiation, large daily temperature difference, windy in spring, cool in summer, dry in winter, frequent hail and drought. The average temperature in the hottest July is 13.9 ℃, the average temperature in the coldest January is - 10.5 ℃, the annual average accumulated temperature greater than or equal to 0 ℃ is 2062.6 ℃, the annual average accumulated temperature greater than or equal to 5 ℃ is 1878.1 ℃, the annual average accumulated temperature greater than or equal to 10 ℃ is 1182.1 ℃, and the climate is cold. The average annual precipitation is 408.9 mm, mainly in July, August and September.

natural resources

land resource

As of 2005, the total area of the county is 2.2635 million mu, including 419800 mu of agricultural land, 629300 mu of forestry land, 53500 mu of irrigated land, 99400 mu of shallow mountain land, 144600 mu of brain mountain land, and 2.78 mu of cultivated land per capita. The existing forest area is 548000 mu, and the available grassland area is 1275000 mu.

plant resources

Huangyuan county is rich in wheat, highland barley, potato, broad beans, oilseeds and vegetables and other agricultural and sideline products. The famous horse tooth broad bean is not only sold well in China, but also exported to Japan and Southeast Asia.

mineral resources

Up to 2005, the proven mineral resources include rock gold, copper, iron, coal, quartzite, limestone, granite, etc., with considerable reserves and great development potential. There are more than 40 kinds of wild animals and plants, including otter, marmot, red fox, stone mink, deer, stone sheep, lynx, snow chicken and so on. It is rich in more than 30 kinds of medicinal materials, such as notopterygium, astragalus, bupleurum and Fritillaria.

population

By the end of 1999, the total population of Huangyuan county was 132484, including 105933 agricultural population. There are 13 ethnic groups, including Han, Tibetan, Hui and Mongolian. Among them, the Han nationality accounts for 88.42% of the total population, the Tibetan nationality accounts for 8.86%, the Hui nationality accounts for 1.56%, the Mongolian nationality accounts for 0.93%

Chinese PinYin : Qing Hai Sheng Xi Ning Shi Huang Yuan Xian