Deqin County, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province

Deqin County Deqin County is one of the counties under the jurisdiction of Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province, located in the northwest of Yunnan Province. Deqin County governs two towns and six townships, with a total area of 7273 square kilometers and a population density of 8 people per square kilometer. Shengping Town, the county seat, is 3400 meters above sea level, 182 kilometers away from Shangri La, the state capital, and 889 kilometers away from Kunming, the provincial capital. Deqin County, known as the "hometown of song and dance", is the most precious hometown of Yunnan snub nosed monkey in China.

By the end of 2010, Deqin County had a population of 60.08 million, with a male to female ratio of 1.009. The main ethnic groups living in the county were Tibetan and Lisu, accounting for 80.31% of the total population.

Deqin County is an agricultural county mainly engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry. It was one of the counties and cities open to the outside world by the State Council in 1997. In 2012, the GDP of Deqin County was 1.643 billion yuan. On April 30, 2019, the people's Government of Yunnan Province decided to withdraw Deqin County from the poverty-stricken county sequence. In September 2020, it was awarded the title of "model collective of national unity and progress in Yunnan Province".

Evolution of organizational system

"Deqin" is Tibetan, which means "blissful peace". The original name of adenzi was changed to deqinlin in 1935.

In the Han Dynasty, it was the land of yak and Qiang. In the Jin Dynasty, it was the horse who dared to land. The southern and Northern Dynasties belonged to the Dangxiang department. Sui belongs to Nanning Prefecture. In the early Tang Dynasty, it was Yufu City, belonging to Tubo; in the Nanzhao state of Tang Dynasty, it was Yufu City, belonging to Jianchuan Jiedu. Song Dali belongs to Shanju county.

In the Yuan Dynasty, it was called "Xiao Dan Dang". In 1271, it belonged to the Xuanwei Department of Lijiang; in 1275, the Xuanwei Department of Lijiang was changed to Lijiang Road, which was the general office of the army and the people. In the 22nd year of Zhiyuan Dynasty (1283), Lijiang road was changed into the military and civilian Xuanfu department.

In the fifth year of Hongwu (1372) of the Ming Dynasty, Deqin was the jurisdiction area for recruiting simojiekan (Mangkang) and wanhufu (Batang). In the fourth year of Zhengde (1509), Deqin was occupied by Muding of Naxi nationality, the prefect of Lijiang Prefecture in Yunnan Province, and was known as adchieftain at that time. In 1639, gushihan, the leader of Mongolian Heshuote tribe, sent troops to the south to defeat the local magistrate of Mu family. Deqin was under the control of Mongolian Heshuote tribe.

In 1648, Deqin belonged to Tibet. In the 58th year of Kangxi (1719), Batang was under the control of the Qing Dynasty. Batang set up the chief and Deputy chieftains, and Deqin returned to Batang. In the fourth year of Yongzheng reign (1726), the Qing government assigned the boundary between Sichuan and Yunnan and Tibet. Sichuan Province (under the jurisdiction of Batang) belonged to ardunzi, which was under the jurisdiction of Lijiang Prefecture of Yunnan Province. In 1727, Weixi hall was transferred to Heqing mansion. In July of 1730, the eighth year of Yongzheng reign, Heqing mansion belonged to yixidao. In May 1756, the Weixi hall was restored to Lijiang mansion. Guangxu 34 years (1908) set up a pressure Committee, controlled by the Sichuan Yunnan border minister.

In 1917, a Dunzi administrative region was established in Weixi County, belonging to Tengyue road. In 1929, the province directly under Tengyue road was abolished. In 1932, a Dunzi Administration Bureau was set up. In June 1935, it was approved to set up a new administrative bureau, which was renamed Deqin Administrative Bureau. It has jurisdiction over Yanmen, Yunling, Foshan and Shengping towns. In 1942, it was the seventh administrative supervision district of Yunnan Province (located in Lijiang County). In 1948, the 13th Office of Yunnan provincial administrative inspector was stationed in Weixi County. In 1949, it was the tenth administrative supervision district of Yunnan Province (in Heqing County).

On May 20, 1950, the people's Government of Deqin Administration Bureau was established, which is subordinate to Lijiang special district. On November 21, 1952, the Government Affairs Council approved the abolition of the rule of Deqin and the establishment of a Tibetan Autonomous Region in Deqin County. On September 11, 1956, the 37th plenary session of the State Council decided that Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture should be established, and Deqin Tibetan Autonomous Region belongs to Diqing Prefecture. After the establishment of Diqing Prefecture, Deqin Tibetan Autonomous Region was changed into Deqin County. On September 13, 1957, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Deqin County were officially established. In 1957, the Sixth District of Weixi County was designated and the benzilan Office (county level) was established, which directly belongs to Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. On May 11, 1959, the benzilan Office (county level) was abolished and transferred to Deqin County.

In 2002, penzilan township was set up as a town (approved by the provincial government on July 18, 2002).

administrative division

In 2006, Deqin County has jurisdiction over 2 towns, 6 townships (including 2 ethnic townships), 2 neighborhood committees and 40 village committees.

geographical environment

Location context

Deqin County is located in the northwest of Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, between 98 ° 3'56 "- 99 ° 32'20" E and 27 ° 33'44 "- 29 ° 15'2" n. It borders on Lisu Autonomous County in Weixi and Gongshan Dulong Nu Autonomous County in Nujiang Prefecture in the southwest, Mangkang County in Changdu city of Tibet Autonomous Region, Zuogong County in Changdu city of Tibet Autonomous Region, Chayu County in Linzhi city of Tibet Autonomous Region in the northwest, and Batang County and Derong County in Sichuan Province and shangri la city in Yunnan Province in the southeast, with a total area of 7596 square kilometers.

topographic features

Deqin County is characterized by high mountains, steep slopes, long Gorges and deep valleys. There are Yunling mountains in the East and Nushan mountains in the West. The mountains are north-south, and the terrain is high in the north and low in the south. The terrain is a knife shape with a length of 188 km from north to South and a width of 68 km from east to west. According to the altitude difference, the terrain can be divided into three categories. The first category is alpine valley area, which is located between 1800 m and 2400 m above sea level, distributed in Xiaodian and gentle slope along Jinsha River and Lancang River. There are 153 natural villages, accounting for 28.75% of the total natural villages in Deqin County. The second category is mountainous area, which is located between 2400 m and 3000 m above sea level, with 293 natural villages, accounting for 55.07% of the total natural villages in Deqin County There are 86 natural villages, accounting for 16.16% of the total number of natural villages. Because the county is located in the hinterland of Hengduan Mountains, it is characterized by "overlapping peaks and rolling valleys, crisscross canyons". Among the two major mountains of Nu mountain and Yun mountain, the elevation of Taizi snow mountain (including Meili Snow Mountain), Jiawu snow mountain, Runzi snow mountain and Baimang snow mountain is 5000 The highest altitude is kagebo peak (6740) meters, the highest in Yunnan Province. It is regarded as a holy mountain by Tibetans. The lowest altitude is 1840.5 meters by the Lancang River in the south of Yanmen township. The average altitude in the county is 4270.2 meters.

There are many snow peaks in Deqin. Meili Snow Mountain (the main peak is Kawagebo, and Hanze is Prince snow mountain, with an altitude of 6740 meters, which is the highest peak in Yunnan Province) connects adonggni mountain in Tibet Autonomous Region in the north and bile snow mountain in the south. There are 13 snow peaks with an average altitude of more than 4800 meters, which are called "Taizi thirteen bees". Mingyong glacier extends from more than 6000 meters below the extreme cold ice and snow line at the foot of kawagbo to the subtropical virgin forest at an altitude of 2660 meters, with a total length of 11.7 kilometers. It is a rare modern glacier with low altitude and seaward orientation in the world.

climate

The climate of Deqin County belongs to cold temperate mountain monsoon climate. The climate is greatly affected by altitude. The influence of latitude is not obvious. With the increase of altitude, the temperature decreases and the precipitation increases. In most areas, the four seasons are not clear. The winter is long and the summer is short. The dry and wet seasons in normal years are clear. The annual average precipitation is 633.7mm. The precipitation in rainy season from May to October accounts for 77.5% of the annual precipitation. The annual average precipitation in northwest is below 660mm, and that in southeast is about 850mm. The annual average temperature is 4.7 ℃, the annual extreme maximum temperature is 25.1 ℃, the minimum temperature is - 27.4 ℃, the sunshine hours is 1980.7 hours, and the sunshine percentage is 4.5. The average first frost day is September 30, and the last frost day is May 23. The earliest first frost day is August 28, and the latest last frost day is June 12. The frost period is generally 236 days per year, and the frost free period is only 129 days. Most of them are droughts, such as long drought, short drought, flower arrangement drought, frost flood, hail and snow.

hydrology

There are two main rivers in Deqin County, which are Jinsha River and Lancang River. Jinsha River enters into Deqin County through Tibet and Sichuan near dingla village, Yangla township. The right bank passes through Yangla, benzilan, Tuoding and other townships, with a flow of 250 kilometers and a drop of 408 meters. There are more than 30 tributaries in the county, including zhubaluo River, Dongshui River, guiluoluoma River and Zhongyu river. Lancang River flows from Buyi, Mangkang County, Tibet to the county, and passes through Foshan, Yunling, Yanmen and other townships. There are more than 40 tributaries in the county, including Adong River, Wuyi River, Fengtong River, Yubeng River and Yongzhi river . According to the survey of water resources, there are 333 rivers in the county, with a total flow of 1029 km.

There are 42 natural lakes in Deqin County, with a total area of 460 square kilometers. The largest one is zharo coarse poor lake, with an area of 0.8 kilometers. There are more than 10 large and small hot springs in six towns of Deqin County, among which yanglaglong hot spring is famous both inside and outside the province for its good boning effect.

natural resources

land resource

As of 2014, Deqin County has a land area of 11.2565 million mu, including 141300 mu of arable land, including 2200 mu of irrigated paddy field, 3.60 mu of irrigated land, 103100 mu of dry land, accounting for 73.86% of the cultivated land; 6.9502 million mu of forestable land, including 5.7707 million mu of forest, covering 81.77% of the cultivated land; 1.4883 million mu of grassland (natural grassland); 0.03 million mu of garden land, including 0.0059 million mu of orchard, and others 0223 mu of garden land and 24975 mu of unused land, including 131

Chinese PinYin : Yun Nan Sheng Di Qing Cang Zu Zi Zhi Zhou De Qin Xian