Cheng County, Longnan City, Gansu Province

Chengxian County, which belongs to Longnan City of Gansu Province, is located in the south of Gansu Province and the northeast of Longnan City. Chengxian was called Chengzhou in ancient times, Chengzhou was established in the Western Wei Dynasty, and Jiangzhou was called County in the Ming Dynasty. Chengxian County governs 14 towns, 3 townships, 15 residents' committees and 245 villagers' committees, with a total area of 1676.54 square kilometers and a permanent resident population of 246900, including 121900 urban residents, with an urbanization rate of 49.37% (in 2019).

Chengxian county is located in the western Qinling Mountains. The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. The altitude is between 750-2377 meters. It has a warm temperate semi humid climate with four distinct seasons and moderate temperature. It is known as "Longyou small Jiangnan" and "Longyou granary". Chengxian county is rich in natural resources, including mineral resources, water resources, biological resources, etc. it is the second largest lead-zinc ore belt in China. In 2019, the gross output value of Cheng county is about 6.426 billion yuan.

Chengxian county has been rated as "a thousand year old county" and "the hometown of Walnut in China", "the best living County in China" and "the most beautiful ecological and livable tourism County in China". Famous specialty has Chengxian walnut, Hongchuan wine, Gastrodia elata and so on. Scenic spots include xixiaosong scenic spot, jifengshan National Forest Park, Du Shaoling temple, etc.

On April 28, 2019, the Gansu Provincial Government approved Cheng county to withdraw from the poverty-stricken county.

Historical evolution

The origin of the name

Cheng county is named after the posthumous titles of Wen, Wu, Cheng and Kang in the Western Zhou Dynasty.

Evolution of organizational system

Chengxian county was the territory of Yongzhou in Yugong in ancient times.

King Wen of the Zhou Dynasty transformed the southern part of the country into Xinjiang. Later, King Xiao granted a non son to the Qin Dynasty and raised Ma Wei, which belongs to the land of the Qin Dynasty. In the spring and Autumn period, it was the state of baimadi.

In Qin Dynasty, Cheng County belonged to Longxi County, which was called xiabiandao.

Wudu County was established in the Western Han Dynasty, and it was still called xiabiandao. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng (106 BC) of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, thirteen prefectures were set up in the Department of Cishi, and Wudu County was subordinate to the Department of Cishi in Yizhou. After Wang Mang replaced the Han Dynasty, he changed the county name to Yangde. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was still Wudu County, which was between Longxi and Wudu. In the 22nd year of Jian'an (217), Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bei sent his general to garrison troops to make a distinction. Jian'an 23 years (218 years) in the first month of spring, the county into the Wei, Li Yizhou Cishi department.

In 229, the county was restored to Shuhan. In 263, Cheng county was owned by Wei and belonged to Wudu County of Yongzhou.

In 269, the first five years of Jin and Tai dynasties, Qinzhou was established. The county belonged to Wudu County of Qinzhou, and Xiabian was still the county seat. In the 10th year of the Taiyuan Dynasty (385), Yang Ding called himself a vassal, and set up Qiu Chi County as his exterior.

In the 19th year of Yuanjia in the Southern Song Dynasty (442), pingqiuchi County entered the Song Dynasty and was subordinate to Wudu County of Southern Qinzhou. In the seventh year of Zhenjun, Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty (446), Qiuchi town was set up as a county. In 553, southern Qinzhou was changed into Chengzhou, and Tonggu County was established. Chengzhou is named after the posthumous titles of Wen, Wu, Cheng and Kang in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The interpretation of "Tong" in Shuowen Jiezi refers to the meeting place of the two rivers. After the meeting of qingni and Xiabian, the two rivers flow into the Feilong gorge, hence the name of Tonggu.

In 583, Tonggu County belonged to Kangzhou. In 607, Yangdi first established Hechi County, and Tonggu County belonged to Hechi county.

In 618, Tonggu County was established as Xikang Prefecture. In the first year of Zhenguan (627), Xikang Prefecture was abolished and restored to Chengzhou, which was under the jurisdiction of Longyou road. In the first year of Tianbao (742), it was changed into Tonggu County, and in the first year of Qianyuan (758), it was restored to Chengzhou. In the first year of Baoying (762), Tuban captured Shanglu County, the seat of Chengzhou. After the governance of the prefecture, Fengzhou belonged to the county, which was the crisscross area of the Tang Dynasty and the Tibetan. In the seventh year of Xiantong (866), Chengzhou was restored, baojingbao was moved to the southeast of the county, and Tonggu was moved back. Later Tang Dynasty restored Chengzhou and governed Tonggu County.

In the first year of Jianlong in the Northern Song Dynasty (960), Chengzhou entered the Northern Song Dynasty, governed Tonggu and led Liting county. In 973, Kaibao was promoted to league training. Early Li Shaanxi Southwest Road, Zhidao three years (997), Chengzhou Li Shaanxi West Road. In the 14th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1144), Lizhou was divided into East and West roads, and Chengzhou was subordinate to Lizhou West Road. In 1206, the state entered the Jin Dynasty. In the third year of Kaixi (1207), Zhoufu belonged to the Southern Song Dynasty.

In the seventh year of Yuan Dynasty (1270), Tonggu County and Tianshui County entered the prefecture, which was under the jurisdiction of Shaanxi Province.

In 1369, Chengzhou entered the Ming Dynasty. At the beginning, it was attached to gongchang Prefecture of xingzhongshu Province in Shaanxi Province. In the ninth year of Hongwu (1376), he was transferred to Zhongshu Province as the Minister of politics. Hongwu ten years (1377), changed the state to county, Zhili Shaanxi Cheng announced the Minister of gongchang house.

In the Qing Dynasty, Chengxian county was subordinate to gongchang Prefecture of Shaanxi Province. In the third year of Kangxi (1664), it was divided into left and right administrative divisions. Chengxian county was subordinate to gongchang Prefecture of right administrative divisions. In the sixth year of Kangxi's reign (1667), Shaanxi's youbuzhengsi was changed to gongchang's buzhengsi, and Chengxian still belonged to it. In the seventh year of Kangxi (1668), gongchang was changed into Gansu Province, which led to Chengxian county. In 1727, Tianshui, Qingshi and Baihuan three li entered Qinzhou, and 800 households in Jiezhou, Fucheng villagers in Lixian County and xigusuo troops entered Chengxian county. Yongzheng seven years (1729), promoted to Zhili Prefecture, Chengxian county is the first state.

The first year of the Republic of China (1912) on March 15, Chengxian restoration, belongs to the Republic of China, at the beginning of Gong Qin road. In February 1913, the Qing government abolished the system of prefectures, departments, prefectures and sub prefectures, and changed the county system to county magistrate. After gongchang house was abandoned, Cheng County belonged to Longnan Road (governing Tianshui, later changed to Weichuan Road). In 1935, the national government divided Gansu Province into seven administrative supervision districts, and Cheng county was divided into the fourth administrative supervision district. In 1942, Gansu Province was divided into eight administrative supervision districts. Cheng county was changed into the eighth administrative supervision district (the office was stationed in Wudu). There are five towns and eight townships in the county. In 1947, Wangchuan town was incorporated into Hui County. So far, there are four towns and eight townships in the county.

On December 2, 1949, the whole territory of Cheng county was liberated, and Cheng County belonged to Wudu Commissioner's office. In late December, five districts and 48 townships were newly established in the county. On May 1, 1955, Zhifang Township, he County, to the west, entered Chengxian county. In 1956, the county was transferred to Tianshui Commissioner's office. On March 25, 1958, the county was divided into one town and 23 townships. On July 20, 1958, Cheng County, Hui County and Liangdang County merged into Huicheng county (the people's Committee of the county is located in Chengguan town of Hui County), which belongs to Tianshui Commissioner's office. On December 30, 1961, Huicheng county was abolished and the system of Chengxian, Huixian and liangdangxian was restored. Chengxian county belongs to Wudu Commissioner's office, and the county people's Committee is still in Chengguan town. On August 20, 1968, the Revolutionary Committee of Cheng county was established, with 22 communes in the county. By 1985, the county had set up 2 towns, 20 townships, 243 administrative villages and 1472 villager groups. On May 14, 1985, Wudu district was renamed Longnan District, and Cheng county was attached to Longnan District.

In December 2004, Longnan Prefecture was established as a city by withdrawing land, and then Longnan City was established, and Chengxian county was under the jurisdiction of Longnan City.

administrative division

As of May 2016, the county has jurisdiction over 14 towns, 3 townships, 15 residents' committees and 245 villagers' committees.

14 towns: Chengguan Town, bosha Town, Xiaochuan Town, Hongchuan Town, Huangzhu Town, Diancun Town, Wangmo Town, Zhifang Town, Shaba Town, HuangChen Town, Chenyuan Town, Jifeng Town, Suochi Town, Suoyuan town.

Three townships: Erlang Township, Songping Township, tanhe township.

geographical environment

Location context

Cheng county is located in the mountainous area of Longnan in the south of Gansu Province, bordering Hui County in the northeast, Xihe County in the west, Kangxian County in the South and Lueyang County in Shaanxi Province in the southeast. Located in the hilly Valley at the southern foot of Qinling Mountains, it is about 55 km wide from north to South and 52 km long from east to west. Its geographical coordinates are 105 ° 23 ′ - 105 ° 57 ′, 33 ° 29 ′ - 34 ° 21 ′, with a total area of 1676.54 square kilometers.

topographic features

Chengxian county belongs to the West Qinling Mountains, with high terrain in the northwest and low terrain in the southeast. The altitude is between 750-2377 meters. There are many high mountains and valleys in Chengxian county. The geomorphic features are mountains in the north and South and hills in the middle. The qingnihe River and its tributaries cut into various blocks throughout it.

climate

Chengxian has a warm temperate semi humid climate with four distinct seasons and moderate temperature. The average annual temperature is 12.1 ℃, the frost free period is 186 days, the annual sunshine hours is 1468.5 hours, the average annual rainfall is about 581.6 mm, and the relative temperature is 75%.

hydrology

In Chengxian County, there are water systems of "one river and three rivers", such as Xihan River (rhinoceros River), Donghe River, Nanhe River and Luohe River.

natural resources

water resource

The total amount of groundwater resources in Chengxian county is 137.24 million cubic meters, including 62.77 million cubic meters in Donghe River Basin, 31.15 million cubic meters in Nanhe River Basin and 32.91 million cubic meters in Xihan River Basin. The exploitable amount of groundwater is 35.67 million cubic meters, including 17.28 million cubic meters in Donghe River Basin, 8.15 million cubic meters in Nanhe River Basin and 4.89 million cubic meters in Xihan River Basin.

Biological resources

Up to 2010, there are 1958 species of plants and 54 species of animals in Chengxian county.

The main food crops are winter wheat, corn, soybean, potato, buckwheat, etc.; the main economic crops are winter rape, garlic and a variety of four season vegetables; the main economic fruits are walnut, persimmon, cherry, chestnut, etc., and there are Gastrodia elata, Poria cocos, Eucommia ulmoides and other precious medicinal materials and more than 1000 kinds of medicinal plants.

Wild animals include sika deer, leopard, bear, thrush, red bellied pheasant, etc.

mineral resources

23 kinds of mineral resources have been found in Chengxian county. The main metal deposits are lead, zinc, gold, silver, copper and iron