Tongguan County, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province

Tongguan County, belonging to Weinan City, Shaanxi Province, is located at the east end of Guanzhong Plain in Shaanxi Province, adjacent to Lingbao City in Henan Province in the East, Huayin City in the west, Luonan County in the south, Dali County in the northwest and Ruicheng County in Shanxi Province across the Yellow River in the North. It is between 110 ° 09 ′ 32 ″ - 110 ° 25 ′ 27 ″ E and 34 ° 23 ′ 33 ″ - 34 ° 39 ′ 01 ″ n, with a total area of 526 square kilometers.

In 2018, Tongguan county has a permanent population of 154200, realizing a GDP of 4.035 billion yuan, of which the added value of the primary industry is 484 million yuan, the added value of the secondary industry is 1.446 billion yuan, and the added value of the tertiary industry is 2.104 billion yuan. The proportion of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in the GDP is 12.0%, 35.8% and 52.2% respectively. According to the permanent population, the per capita GDP of the county is 25730 yuan.

On July 29, 2020, it will be included in the list of national health towns (counties) to be reconfirmed in 2019.

Historical evolution

Shang Dynasty: Li Ding state, known as Taolin. In the Zhou Dynasty, it was recorded as the state of Guo (Beiguo) in the hinterland of the capital, which was called "Wei Wei".

Spring and Autumn: known as taolinsai, Li Jin. Zhan Jia, an envoy of the Marquis of the Jin Dynasty, had time to guard against the Qin Dynasty.

Warring States: Qin Li Gong 24 years (453 BC) Li Wei. In the sixth year of King Huiwen of Qin Dynasty (332 BC), ningqin county was established, which was under the jurisdiction of ningqin county.

Western Han Dynasty: in the fifth year of emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (202 BC), there was a shipyard, which was specially in charge of water transportation and shipyard of the Yellow River and Weihe River. Later, it took the name of chuansikong as the county name, and was subordinate to jingzhaoyin.

Xinmang: in the first year of the founding of the people's Republic of China (9 years), chuansikong county was changed to Chuanli County, which was subordinate to Chenglie county.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was renamed chuansikong County, and was subordinate to Sili Xiaowei department.

In 213, chuansikong county was incorporated into Huayin and was subordinate to jingzhaoyin. After the Three Kingdoms, Wei, Jin are Huayin county.

Northern Wei Dynasty: Yongxi three years (534), belongs to Dingcheng county (where the government is located in today's Gongzhuang village of the North), under Huashan County, Huazhou.

In the Western Wei Dynasty, Dingcheng county was merged into Fuxi County until the Northern Zhou Dynasty.

Sui Dynasty: Sui kaihuang three years (583), belong to Fuxi County, Li Huazhou. Daye three years (607) change Li Jingzhao county. In 609, Fuxi county was changed to Huayin County, which belongs to Tongguan county.

Tang Dynasty: in the first year of chuigong (685), Huayin county was renamed Xianzhang county. In the second year of Tianshu (691), Tongjin county was set up in the east of Xianzhang county (Tongguan), which was under the jurisdiction of Guo 30. In March of the second year of the holy calendar (699), it was changed to Taizhou. In 702, Tongjin county was withdrawn and merged into Xianzhang county. The second year of Shenlong (706) was renamed Huayin County, which belongs to Tongguan county.

After the Five Dynasties, song, Jin, yuan, all belong to Huayin county.

Ming Dynasty: Ming Hongwu seven years (1374) set up Tongguan Shouyu thousand households, belonging to Shaanxi capital division. In 1376, tongguanwei was set up. Yongle six years (1408), is the Chinese military governor's house.

Qing Dynasty: in 1724, Tongguan county was set up. In 1748, Tongguan hall was set up, belonging to TongZhou Prefecture of Tongshang road in Shaanxi Province.

In 1913, the hall was abandoned and Tongguan county was set up, belonging to Guanzhong road in Shaanxi Province.

In 1933, it belongs to Shaanxi Province. In 1939, it belonged to the office of administrative inspector of the eighth District of Shaanxi Province (Dali County). In 1947, it belonged to the office of the administrative inspector of the Second District of Shaanxi Province.

On May 29, 1949, Tongguan was liberated. Tongguan county belongs to Weinan Commissioner's office and is under the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region government.

In May 1950, it belonged to Weinan Commissioner's office and Shaanxi people's government.

In October 1956, Weinan Commissioner's office was directly under Shaanxi people's government

In December 1958, after Tongguan county and Weinan county were merged, Tongguan people's commune was established, which belongs to Weinan county and is subordinate to Shaanxi people's government.

On August 15, 1961, Tongguan county system was restored, which belonged to Weinan Commissioner's Office (renamed Weinan regional administrative office in 1979).

administrative division

Division evolution

After liberation, the Baojia system was abolished. Tongguan county is divided into districts 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, with a total of 34 townships under its jurisdiction.

In 1955, nine townships and one town were established: DIAOQIAO Township, Nantou Township, Wucun Township, Anle Township, Lijia Village Township, Taiyao Township, daiziying Township, Nanying Township, Shilipu Township and Chengguan Township. The township administers a number of junior societies. By 1956, the township had jurisdiction over 72 senior communities and the town had jurisdiction over 5 residential areas.

In 1957, after the Sanmenxia reservoir area of Tongguan County immigrated, there were 58 senior communities.

In 1958, the township system was abolished and Chengguan town was retained. The original township set up the red flag, Dongfeng, Qinling (soon merged into Chaoying), Chaoying, Weixing, Dongfanghong people's commune, which was an organization integrating government and society. The senior communes will be transformed into production brigades, which belong to each commune. In December of the same year, after Tongguan county was merged into Weinan County, Tongguan people's commune was established. The original one town and five communities were changed into eight management areas: Chengguan, Gaoqiao, Wucun, Anle, Lijia village, Taiyao, daiziying and Nantou. It has jurisdiction over 76 production teams and 5 residential areas.

In August 1961, Tongguan county was restored to Chengguan town and Wucun, Anle, Gangkou, Nantou, daiziying, Taiyao, Lijia village people's commune, with a total of 12 neighborhood committees and 81 production teams. In 1983, it was adjusted to 82 production brigades.

In 1984, the system reform abolished the social organizations and set up townships. Chengguan Town governs 11 neighborhood committees; in rural areas, there are 8 townships (towns) including Taiyao, Gangkou, Wucun, Anle, Gaoqiao, Nantou, daiziying and lijiacun townships; 82 production teams are changed into village committees, 512 production teams into villagers' groups, and 4 neighborhood committees. In 1988, Tongyu town was set up in Lijia village and township.

In 2009, daiziying township was abolished and daiziying town was established (officially implemented on August 6). In 2011, Gaoqiao township was abolished and merged into Qindong town and Chengguan Town, Nantou township was abolished and merged into daiziying town. After the adjustment, Tongguan County governs five towns and one township: Chengguan Town, Qindong Town, Taiyao Town, Tongyu Town, daiziying town and Anle township.

In 2015, Anle town, Chengguan Town, Tongguan county was abolished and Chengguan Street, Tongguan county was merged.

Current situation of regionalization

By 2018, Tongguan county has one street and four towns, including Chengguan Street, Qindong Town, Taiyao Town, Tongyu Town, daiziying Town, and Chengguan Street of Tongguan County People's government.

geographical environment

Location context

Tongguan county is located at the great bend of the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the most eastern part of Shaanxi Province. It is adjacent to Lingbao in Henan Province in the East, Huayin and Dali in the West and northwest, Qinling in the South and Ruicheng in Shanxi Province in the north. It is between 110 ° 09 ′ 32 ″ - 110 ° 25 ′ 27 ″ E and 34 ° 23 ′ 33 ″ - 34 ° 39 ′ 01 ″ n. It is about 30 km long from north to South and 22 km wide from east to west, with a total area of 526 square kilometers.

topographic features

Qinling Mountain Area in the south of Tongguan county belongs to Taihua Group of Archean, which is an east-west belt uplift formed after Luliang movement. The crustal movement took place in the Proterozoic Sinian, and the strata were compressed and folded into mountains. During the Himalayan movement, faults occurred in the south of the Himalayan belt, which rose in the north and subsided in the south. In Cenozoic, controlled by Qinling latitudinal structural system and Qi, Lu, he structural system, the two systems of tectonic movement were compressed, tensioned, twisted and faulted, forming Fenwei graben. In addition, a secondary piedmont fault depression (Huayin Tongguan fault) was formed due to the lateral uplift of Chaoyi. Due to the compression of the north and South grabens, Tongwen mountain area rose strongly, resulting in the appearance of Qinling Mountains. The north of piedmont fault became loess platform because of the proluvial and aeolian processes since Quaternary. Huangwei river valley was formed in the north of Taiyuan by long-term flood.

Climatic characteristics

The climate type of Tongguan county belongs to the continental semi-arid monsoon climate zone of Fen Wei warm zone in China and the warm temperate climate zone of Guanzhong Pingyuan warm zone in the province. The territory has four distinct seasons, sufficient light, less precipitation and the same period of rain and heat. Except the Qinling Mountains, the annual sunshine hours are 2089.1 hours, the average annual temperature is 13.2 ℃, the average daily temperature range is 9.5 ℃, the frost free period is 187-297 days, and the annual precipitation is 609 mm. There are many easterly winds in the territory, with the highest wind speed in spring.

Water system hydrology

The Yellow River in Tongguan county is a transit river with an interval flow of 18 km. Weihe River is an entry River, which flows into the Yellow River from Huayuankou of Qindong Town, with an interval of 12 km. There are 11 self-produced rivers in the territory, including Tonghe River and Shuangqiao river. The average annual runoff is 73.172 million cubic meters, and the total amount of surface water and groundwater resources is 90.287 million cubic meters. Among them, Huangwei coastal area and Taiyao depression are extremely rich in water. Ma Baoquan is a famous spring.

Soil type

There are 7 soil types, 11 subclasses, 17 soil genera and 35 soil species in Tongguan, including cinnamon soil, loess, Cuan soil, swamp soil, saline soil, silt soil and mountain brown soil. The highest value of organic matter is 2.11%, the lowest value is 0.15%, and the average value is 0.898%.

natural resources

plant resources

There are 21 kinds of plant starch and sugar, 24 kinds of spices and more than 150 kinds of medicinal plants in Tongguan county.

Animal resources

In Tongguan County, there are more than 100 species of wild vertebrates in 20 families of 6 classes. Among them, wild geese are class I protected animals, while weasel, jackal, roe, Qingyang, eagle and harrier are class II protected animals. There are 14 kinds of livestock and poultry.

mineral resources

The main minerals in Tongguan county are gold, magnet, graphite, vermiculite, marble, quartzite, etc. Among them, the dominant minerals are: gold deposits, which are all over the Xiaoqinling mountains, with abundant reserves in xitongyu, Tongyu and Xiyu, especially in the middle and deep layers; graphite deposits, which are distributed in dafiyu to shanche

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