Yanliang District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province

Yanliang District Xi'an Yanliang District is located in the northeast of the ancient city of Xi'an, 50 kilometers away from the city center, with a total area of 244 square kilometers. It borders Linwei District of Weinan City in the East, Sanyuan County of Xianyang City in the west, Fuping County of Weinan City in the north, and Lintong District of Xi'an City in the south. It has jurisdiction over 7 sub district offices, 24 communities and 73 administrative villages. Yanliang District has a permanent resident population of 294700 (2017). Yanliang District has developed aviation industry. It is a famous Chinese aviation city integrating aircraft design, manufacturing, appraisal, flight test, teaching and research.

In March 2019, it will be listed in the first batch of counties for the protection and utilization of revolutionary cultural relics.

Historical evolution

In the spring and Autumn period, the Jin Dynasty set up an Oak City in its territory. In the 15th year of Jinggong (562 BC), the Qin Dynasty seized the land of Jin Dynasty and still set up an oak city.

In the Warring States period, in the second year of emperor Xiangong of Qin Dynasty (383 BC), the city of Liyang (now in Wutun township) was built and moved from Yong (now in Fengxiang county) to the capital of Liyang. In the 12th year of emperor Xiaogong of Qin Dynasty (350 BC), he moved his capital from liyang to Xianyang. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, in the first year of Liu Bang (206 BC), Xiang Yu divided Guanzhong into three parts. Zhang Han was granted the title of King Yong, Dong Yi as king Zhai, and Sima Xin as king Sai. It was the third Qin Dynasty. King Sai led Xianyang to the East of the Yellow River and set up the capital in Liyang. In the fifth year of emperor Gaodi of Han Dynasty (202 BC), Liu Bang established his capital in Liyang and moved it to Chang'an in the seventh year (200 BC).

In the 11th year of emperor Xiangong of Qin Dynasty (374 BC), Liyang county was established. The county was named after the capital, which was the earliest county-level construction in the territory. The county government is the same as the capital city of Liyang, and its jurisdiction is about the area of today's Yanliang District and the north of Weihe River in Lintong county. In the Qin Dynasty, internal history was set up to govern all counties in the capital, while the county of Liyang belonged to internal history.

In the 10th year of emperor Gaodi of Han Dynasty (197 BC), Liu Bang buried his father in the North highland of Liyang (now Jingshan highland), and called his mausoleum Wannian mausoleum. That is to say, Wannian county was set up in the city of Liyang to serve the mausoleum, which was co governed with the two counties of Liyang. The jurisdiction is about the west of Yanliang District and the northwest of Lintong county. In the Western Han Dynasty, Liyang and Wannian belonged to Zuo Fengyi.

In the year of Xinmang (9th year), Wannian county was changed to Yichi County, and Liyang county to shiting county. In the first year of reform (23rd year), the original names of the two counties were restored, and the county governance and jurisdiction remained unchanged.

In the first year of Jianwu (25th year) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liyang county was abolished and its jurisdiction was assigned to Wannian county. Wannian county's jurisdiction was expanded to the whole area of Yanliang District and the north of Weihe River in Lintong County, still under Zuo Fengyi's jurisdiction.

In the first year of the Wei and Huang dynasties (220), Wannian county was changed to Jingzhao County, and the county administration and jurisdiction remained the same.

In the northern and Southern Dynasties, in 498, the 22nd year of Taihe reign of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Zhang county was set up in the southeast of Wannian county (near Jiaokou town today). In the first year of Jingming in the Northern Wei Dynasty (500 years), Guangyang county (now Liyang Town) was set up in the north of Wannian county. In 558, Wannian county and Zhangxian county were removed and merged into Guangyang county. The county government was transferred to Wannian County, which is now in Wutun township. Guangyang county is now Yanliang District and Lintong County, North and west of Weihe River. In the northern and Southern Dynasties, Wannian County belonged to Fengyi county and Guangyang county to zuofengyi.

In the first year of Renshou (601) of Sui Dynasty, Guangyang county was changed to Wannian county because of avoiding the name taboo of Prince Yang Guang, and its jurisdiction was still under Jingzhao county.

In the first year of Wude (618), Wannian county was changed into Liyang county. The county government was moved to Liyang Town, and Pingling county was set up in the east of the county. In the second year of Wude (619), Pingling county was changed into Suyi county. The county government was near Suyi temple in Kangqiao Township, and its jurisdiction was about Yanliang District. In the eighth year of Zhenguan (634), Suyi county was withdrawn and incorporated into Liyang county. In Wude period of Tang Dynasty, Liyang County, Pingling county and Suyi county all belonged to Yongzhou. In 691, Wu Zetian changed to Hongzhou. In the first year of Dazu (701) of Empress Wu Zetian, Hongzhou was abolished and Liyang belonged to Huazhou. In the Five Dynasties, Song Dynasty and Jin Dynasty, Liyang county was subordinate to Jingzhao Prefecture.

In 1267, the area under the jurisdiction of Yanliang District was incorporated into Lintong County along with Liyang county. Since then, through the yuan, Ming, Qing and Republic of China periods, after the founding of the people's Republic of China and before the establishment of the district in August 1966, Yanliang District now belongs to Lintong county.

In the early Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, there was a Fumin hall in Guanshan Town.

In the first year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (1796), the county government office was set up.

In 1913, the county assistant department was set up; in 1919, Lintong sub county was set up in Guanshan Town to manage the affairs of towns north of Weihe River in Lintong county.

On May 5, 1949, the whole territory of Yanliang was liberated. It is still under the jurisdiction of Lintong County, with four administrative regions of Guanshan, Wutun, Kangqiao and Yanliang. In 1950, the division was adjusted and Lintong county was divided into the eighth and ninth districts (Guanshan and Yanliang). During the cooperative period in 1956, there was one district and six townships. In 1958, there was one large commune and nine administrative areas. In 1961, the commune was divided into six communes: Yanliang, Guanshan, Kangqiao, Wutun, Beitun and Zhenxing. In 1964, Yanliang commune was abolished and Yanliang town was established.

On June 2, 1966, the State Council sent a telegram to the Shaanxi Provincial People's Committee and agreed to put Yanliang town of Lintong County under the leadership of Xi'an city as a municipal district. On June 24, Shaanxi Provincial People's Committee issued a notice: from August 1, work will be carried out according to the new relationship of leadership and subordination. So far, Yanliang District of Xi'an city was established. On November 26, 1966, with the approval of Shaanxi Provincial People's Committee, Yanliang District was renamed Donghong district. On April 24, 1972, approved by Shaanxi Provincial Revolutionary Committee, Donghong district was renamed Yanliang District. On June 16, 1995, the provincial Establishment Committee approved that the administrative level of Yanliang District was at the deputy department level.

administrative division

In the Northern Song Dynasty, the county was divided into four townships: Wuling Township in the East, Qingchuan Township in the northwest, Yongfeng Township in the northeast and Ningyuan Township in the southwest. In Yuan Dynasty, Wuling, Qingchuan, Yongfeng and Ningyuan were merged into Lintong County along with the county. In the song and Yuan Dynasties, Yanliang District is now under the jurisdiction of Yongfeng Township.

In Ming Dynasty, Lintong used to be 55 Li in four townships. Today, Yanliang District is under the jurisdiction of Yongfeng Township and piyang township of Lintong county. According to the records of Lintong County written by Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, there were villages under Li and Li in the countryside of the Ming Dynasty, among which there are 29 villages within 10 Li in today's Yanliang District.

In the Qing Dynasty, there were four townships in the county, Li in the countryside and Jia in Li. There are xianggongli and wandaili in piyang Township, yimenli, anyeli, dongliangli, zhangbeili, rencunli, fuguangli, santianli and lianliuli in Yongfeng Township. A total of 10 Li, 100 a. There are also records of villages attached to towns, including 4 towns and 21 villages in this district.

In August 1966, there were 13 families committees under the three sub district offices in Yanliang city. In October 1968, the three sub district offices were merged into the sub district office of Yanliang District. In November 1979, it was renamed as the sub district office of urban area of Yanliang District (Shengli Road sub district office). On May 16, 1986, it was renamed as the sub district office of Xinhua Road. Since March 1984, the government and the Commune have been separated in rural areas, and the commune has been transformed into a township.

Yanliang District now has 7 sub district offices, 24 communities and 73 administrative villages

geographical environment

Regional location

Yanliang District is located in the east of central Guanzhong, between 34 ° 35 ′ 11 ″ - 34 ° 44 ′ 37 ″ N and 109 ° 08 ′ 54 ″ - 109 ° 25 ′ 37 ″ E. It is adjacent to Linwei District of Weinan City in the East, Sanyuan County in the west, Qinghe River in the South and Lintong District in the south, Jingshan tableland in the north and Fuping County in the north. It is about 12 kilometers wide from north to South and 25 kilometers long from east to west. The outline of Yanliang District is a rectangle from east to west, covering an area of 244.4 square kilometers.

Natural climate

Yanliang District is located in the middle latitude inland area, South by the Qinling Mountains, so it is a continental temperate semi-arid, semi humid climate zone. The temperature in Yanliang District is low in the north and high in the south, with little difference between the East and the West. The seasonal variation of temperature is obvious, which is characterized by warm spring, hot summer, cool autumn and cold winter. The diurnal variation of temperature is high in the daytime and low at night. Generally, the highest temperature occurs from 13:00 to 15:00, and the lowest temperature occurs before sunrise. It is 6:00 in spring and autumn, 5:00 in summer and 7:00 in winter. The annual average temperature is 13.6 ℃. It is the hottest in July every year, with an average of 36.9 ℃. The coldest in January, with an average of - 1.2 ℃. During the 46 years from 1949 to 1995, the annual extreme maximum daily temperature was 41.9 ℃ on June 21, 1966, and the annual extreme minimum temperature was - 20.6 ℃ on January 10, 1955. Restricted by cold and warm conditions, the four seasons in the area are obviously divided: spring is from March to may, summer is from June to August, autumn is from September to November, and winter is from December to February of the next year. The annual average frost free period is 215 days, and the frost period is generally from October 31 to March 27 of the next year. The four seasons of Yanliang District are dry, wet, cold and warm. In spring, it is mild and windy, early warming, fast warming, easy to have strong wind, floating dust, spring drought, cold wave cooling weather; in summer, it is hot, high temperature, sufficient sunshine, concentrated rainfall and summer drought; in autumn, it cools quickly, cool and humid, with more rain; in winter, it is cold, dry, with less rain and snow.

Geology and geomorphology

The geology of Yanliang District belongs to Quaternary strata about 2.5 million years ago. The lithology is mainly composed of coarse-grained sediments dominated by sand and gravel and soil like deposits dominated by loess, with aeolian, alluvial and proluvial deposits as the main sources; it is also caused by gravity accumulation of glaciers and landslides. The average thickness is 840m. There are two basic landforms in Yanliang District: plain and loess tableland.

resources

There are three main rivers in Yanliang District, namely Shichuan River, Qinghe River and Weizi river. They all originate from Weibei mountain area and flow from northwest to southeast into Weihe River, which belongs to the Yellow River system. The natural soil is cinnamon soil, which is the extension of cinnamon soil belt in North China to northwest. Because of its long history of agriculture, it has been cultivated for a long time

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