Kangma County, Xigaze City, Tibet Autonomous Region

Kangma County Kangma county is a county under the jurisdiction of Xigaze city in Tibet Autonomous Region. It governs Kangma Town, nirumai Township, nirudui Township, Gala Township, samada Township, kangru Township, Shaogang Township, Nanni Township and xiongzhang township.

Located in the northern foot of the Himalayas, 140 kilometers away from Shigatse City, it is a semi agricultural and semi pastoral border county dominated by animal husbandry. It borders Bhutan kingdom with a 78 kilometer long border. It is adjacent to Yadong, Bailang, Gyangze and langjiaer counties. In 2013, the total population of Kangma county was 34000, including Han, Hui, Tibetan and other ethnic minorities.

In 2013, the gross domestic product of Kangma County reached 20.5 billion yuan, an increase of 29.6% compared with 2012; the investment in fixed assets reached 12 billion yuan, an increase of 18.3% compared with 2012.

In October 2018, the people's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region officially approved the withdrawal of Kangma county from poverty-stricken counties (districts).

Evolution of organizational system

In 1960, two districts under the jurisdiction of Gyangze county were set up, and Kangma county was subordinate to Gyangze area.

In 1964, the two special regions of Gyangze and Shigatse were merged, and Kangma county was under the jurisdiction of Shigatse.

In July 2014, Shigatse was established as a city, and Kangma county belongs to Shigatse.

administrative division

Kangma County governs Kangma Town, nirumai Township, nirudui Township, Gala Township, samada Township, kangru Township, Shaogang Township, Nanni Township and xiongzhang township.

geographical environment

Location context

Kangma county is subordinate to the Tibet Autonomous Region, located in the northern foot of the Himalayas, 140 kilometers away from Shigatse City. It is a semi agricultural and semi pastoral border county with animal husbandry as the main industry. It borders on the kingdom of Bhutan with a border line of 78 kilometers, and borders on Yadong, Bailang, Gyangze and langjiaer counties with a total area of 6176 square kilometers.

landforms

Kangma county is located in the south of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and belongs to the Yarlung Zangbo River Valley. The terrain is high in the East and West and low in the middle, with an average altitude of 4300 meters. The township with the lowest altitude is 4100 meters and the township with the highest altitude is 4500 meters, with a drop of only 300-400 meters.

climate

Kangma county belongs to the plateau temperate semi-arid monsoon climate zone, with distinct dry and wet seasons, sufficient sunshine and concentrated rain. The annual precipitation is about 300 mm, the annual sunshine hours is about 3200 hours, and the annual frost free period is about 110 days.

hydrology

Kangma county has rivers such as jiangruhe, niruhe and kangruhe.

natural resources

land resource

In 2013, the total land area of Kangma county was 8.8627 million mu, the non use area was 6982 million mu, accounting for 7.88%, and the available land area was 4.88 million mu.

mineral resources

In 2013, there are gold, silver, copper, iron, lead, granite, marble, sulfur, nitrate, mica and other mineral resources in Kangma county.

Biological resources

In 2013, drugs in Kangma County included Fritillaria, Saussurea involucrata, Lithospermum, Rhodiola, rhubarb, Cordyceps, astragalus, Potentilla, etc. Animals include wild donkey, yellow sheep, blue sheep, argali, moxa leopard, yellow wolf, black wolf, Swertia, fox, lynx, hare, marmot, snow pig, plateau flying squirrel, plateau pika, mouse, etc. Wild birds include snow chicken, yellow chicken, grey chicken, dove, pigeon, sparrow, crow, owl, etc. Fish have fine scale fish, no scale fish and so on.

Population nationality

In 2013, the total population of Kangma county was 34000, including Hui, Tibetan and other ethnic minorities.

Economic overview

comprehensive

In 2013, the GDP of Kangma County reached 20.5 billion yuan, an increase of 29.6% compared with 2012; the investment in fixed assets reached 12 billion yuan, an increase of 18.3% compared with 2012; the public budget revenue reached 1.17 billion yuan, an increase of 10.7% compared with 2012; the per capita net income of farmers reached 11000 yuan, an increase of 22.2% compared with 2012; the per capita disposable income of urban residents reached 14400 yuan, an increase of 10.4% compared with 2012.

primary industry

In 2013, Kangma county completed 220000 mu of water-saving irrigation project and started to implement 410000 mu. 150000 mu of standard farmland has been increased, 690000 mu of conservation tillage and 1.1 million mu of subsoiling have been completed, and the comprehensive level of agricultural mechanization has reached more than 82%.

the secondary industry

In 2013, there were 141 R & D packaging projects and 159 completed and put into operation projects in Kangma county. 102 projects with an investment of more than 20 million yuan were newly started, including 41 projects with an investment of 50 million yuan to 100 million yuan and 30 projects with an investment of more than 100 million yuan. 47 new projects have been started, with an output value of 17.9 billion yuan. Among them, the foundry industry cluster took the lead in breaking through the 10 billion mark, with a total of 120 households, with an output value of 14 billion yuan, an increase of 30.2% over 2012.

the service sector; the tertiary industry

In 2013, the total tourism revenue of Kangma County reached 1.35 billion yuan, 10 new standardized demonstration stores, 24 new service enterprises above Designated Size, and the total retail sales of consumer goods in the whole society is expected to reach 4.2 billion yuan, an increase of 21.7% over 2012.

social undertakings

infrastructure

In 2013, Kangma county had 4 reservoirs, 99 ponds, 350 canals, 228 km flood control dams, farmland and grassland water conservancy infrastructure can basically guarantee the normal production of agriculture and animal husbandry; 253 km of roads were opened to traffic, and townships (towns) and villages were basically opened to traffic; 1 power station with an installed capacity of 1000 kW, 58.85 km of rural power grid transformation, 6 townships (towns) were electrified; 6 townships (towns) were electrified, and 48 administrative departments were electrified The village has realized the "village to village" project of radio and television, and Kangma county has realized the closed-circuit television.

education

In 2013, there were 1 middle school, 9 township (town) Central Primary Schools and 13 teaching sites in Kangma county. The qualification rate of teachers is 100% in primary schools and 91% in secondary schools; the enrollment rate of school-age children is 98.78%; the enrollment rate of primary and secondary school students is 3441, and the enrollment rate of graduates is 100% in primary schools and 83.42% in secondary schools; the compulsory education of "general six" has been consolidated, and the compulsory education of "general nine" is progressing smoothly, and the basic education ranks among the top in regions and autonomous regions. There are 9 extension stations of agriculture and animal husbandry branch and 33 professional and technical personnel.

medical and health work

In 2013, Kangma county set up a "first-class" hospital with 49 medical staff and 36 inpatient beds. There are 9 township health centers and 10 epidemic prevention stations. The natural growth rate of population is 9.97 ‰.

scenic spot

Naining Temple

Naining temple is located in Nanni Township, Kangma County, with a total construction area of 63184.35 square meters and an altitude of 4100 meters. Founded in 815-841 by the ancient Indian monk and disciple of the lotus master, a Qiang Jia Qiang Bai sangbu, it belongs to the Gelug Sect of the Yellow religion and has a history of more than 1200 years. Naining temple is a Buddhist holy land with a long history. There are many cultural relics in the temple. It is said that Tang Xuanzang also lived in the temple when he went to India to learn Buddhist scriptures. As a Buddhist holy land with a long history and an important patriotic education base, naining temple was rated as a cultural relic protection unit of the autonomous region in June 1995.

Zhem Temple

Zheme temple was founded in 823 during the Tubo Dynasty. It belonged to Ningma sect at first, and then changed to Gelu sect. The temple, with an area of 650 square meters, faces east. In the East are kitchens and monasteries; in the West are sutras halls and Buddhist halls, all of which are made of stone. The east facing area of the Sutra hall is 120 square meters, and its north side is the Buddha Hall, covering an area of 80 square meters. All the murals and statues in the temple were destroyed during the cultural revolution. About 80 meters in front of the temple, there is a stone multi gate tower, covering an area of 196 square meters, with a residual height of 10 meters. The pagoda is in the shape of a mandala. The base of the pagoda is in the shape of "Ya". There are three layers of xumizuo. There is a stone covered bowl in the center of the pagoda. The proportion is short and fat. It has the characteristics of the covered bowl Pagoda in Yuan Dynasty or earlier.

Zangza Temple

Zangza temple is located in zangza village, Nanni township. It was founded by awandonju in the early 19th century. It is a branch of Baiju temple in Gyangze and belongs to Gelug school. Zangza temple covers an area of about 600 square meters, including halls and courtyards. The hall is four stories high, and the front of the lower part is the Sutra hall, with four columns in width and four long columns in the middle supporting high skylights. The center of the back of the Sutra hall is the Buddha Hall, and the storerooms are on both sides. The second floor of the hall was destroyed during the cultural revolution. After 1986, it was rebuilt and repaired, covering an area of 1197 square meters. In the south, it is the bedroom of the Lama in charge of the temple, in the East, it is the Dharma shrine, and in the west, it is zhuomalakang. Zangza temple was designated as a county-level cultural relics protection unit by Kangma County People's Government in 1998.

Aiwang Temple

Temples in Tubo Period. Located in the West Bank of Chongba Yongqu River, samada Township, Kangma county. It was founded in the 8th-9th century. It faces north from south. It covers an area of 925 square meters. The plane of the wall is rectangular, 37 meters long from east to west, 25 meters wide from north to south, and 3 meters high. There are 108 stone towers on the wall, and a 9 meter wide gate is opened in the middle of the north wall. The layout of the hall in the wall is in the shape of "convex". The main hall is in the south, the auxiliary hall is in the East and the west, and the courtyard is 17 meters long and 12 meters wide in the middle.

Chama Temple

Chama temple is located in Lekang village, kangru Township, Kangma County, 35 kilometers away from the county seat, with an altitude of 4300 meters. The temple was founded in 1497 by reluozawato budandoji, belonging to the Ningma sect.

Qulin temple in Gandan

Gandan Qulin temple is located in Gongba village, nirudui Township, Kangma County, 30 kilometers away from the county seat and 4500 meters above sea level. Founded in 1428 by the first Panchen kezhugelebasan, it belongs to the Gelug Sect and is the branch of luobuchacang of Baiju temple in Gyangze.

Menkang Lacan

Menkanglakang is located in the center of galanu village, Gala Township, Kangma County, 50 kilometers away from the county seat, with an altitude of 4500 meters. According to folklore, galamenkang was built by 11 "Chaba" households in gala 1200 years ago. At that time, there were statues of adixia and Sutra barrels in Lacan. There are still more than 500 precious murals, such as the Buddha's land of lianhuasheng, Sakyamuni, Guanyin Bodhisattva and Manjusri Bodhisattva.

History and culture

Chinese PinYin : Xi Cang Zi Zhi Qu Ri Ka Ze Shi Kang Ma Xian