Dali City, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province

Dali City, the capital of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, is located in the west of Yunnan Province, on the Erhai plain of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau, at the foot of Cangshan Mountain and on the shore of Erhai Lake. It is the capital of ancient Nanzhao state and Dali state. As the political, economic and cultural center of ancient Yunnan, it lasted for more than 500 years.

In 1982, Dali was listed by the Chinese government as one of the first batch of 24 national historical and cultural cities. Dali is one of the first ten charming cities in China. It is a minority inhabited area with Bai nationality as the main body. It covers an area of 1468 square kilometers and has a population of 610000, of which the Bai nationality accounts for 65%. It has 10 towns, 1 Ethnic Township, 20 neighborhood committees and 109 administrative villages. Dali Municipal People's government is located in Xiaguan town. Places of interest include Weishan scenic spot, Taihe city ruins, etc.

Dali has been listed as the first batch of national new urbanization comprehensive pilot areas. In November 2018, it was listed in the "2018 list of China's 100 happy counties". On October 22, 2018, it was selected into the list of pilot areas for the integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries in 2018. Top 100 counties and cities in Western China in 2019.

Historical evolution

Dali has a long history and is one of the earliest cultural birthplaces in Yunnan. According to the literature, more than 4000 years ago, the ancestors of the Bai nationality lived here. A large number of Neolithic stone knives, axes, pendants and coarse pottery were unearthed from Mt. Malong, Mt. Zhonghe and Mt. lu'e in Haidong.

In 221 BC, the Qin Dynasty began to manage the southwest and set up administrative institutions in the southwest. Since then, the central dynasty began to rule Dali.

During the period of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian was sent to the western regions to stimulate Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to explore the "Shu Shen Du Dao" from the southwest to India and manage the southwest frontier. Yeyu county was set up in Dali in 109 B.C. (the second year of Yuanfeng reign of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty), which was the first area where the Central Plains Dynasty set up a county in Yunnan.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it belonged to Yongchang County. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang's southern expeditionary army surrendered to him and established Yunnan Prefecture of Shuhan. In the northern and Southern Dynasties, it belonged to Heyang County and Xihe county. At that time, the Bai nationality had formed and built many cities along the coast of Erhai.

In the early Tang Dynasty, there were six tribes around Erhai Lake, called Liuzhao. During the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty, all the five imperial edicts except mengshe were conquered by Tubo. In 737 (the 26th year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty), piluoge, the leader of mengshe imperial edict, annexed the other five imperial edicts, established Nanzhao state, and moved the capital from mengshe (today's Weishan) to Taihe city (today's Taihe Village). Based on this, he continued to conquer the surrounding areas and control most of today's Yunnan Province.

From 750 (the ninth year of Tianbao) to 754, the Tang Dynasty sent Xianyu Zhongtong and Li Mi to attack Nanzhao three times. Luofeng, the king of Nanzhao, formed an alliance with Tubo and defeated Tang army three times, which is called Tianbao war in history.

In 779, the great grandson of piluoge moved the capital to Yangju baa City, which is now the old city of Dali. Nanzhao had been the capital of Dali for 163 years. In the 10th year of Zhengyuan reign of emperor Dezong of Tang Dynasty, he sent a Jiedushi to Nanzhao, where he made an alliance with Yimou Xun, the king of Nanzhao, in Cangshan.

In 902 (the second year of Tianfu reign of emperor Zhaozong of Tang Dynasty), Zheng Maisi, a powerful minister of Nanzhao, seized power and established "dachanghe state". In 927, Yang ganzhen supported Zhao Shanzheng to establish "Da Tian Xing Guo", and then established himself as king and "Da Yi Ning Guo". In 937 (the second year of Tianfu in the later Jin Dynasty), Duan Siping also established his capital in baa City, Yangju, and established his country as Dali. Duan claimed to be a descendant of Han people. After the founding of the state, he vigorously promoted Han culture and communicated with envoys of the Southern Song Dynasty.

After 316 years, Dali was destroyed by Kublai Khan in 1253. In 1274, the Yuan Dynasty set up Yunnan Province in Chicheng (also known as Zhongqing Road, now Kunming City, Yunnan Province) for the convenience of ruling, and set up Dali road and Taihe County, which were subordinate to Yunnan Province. From then on, the central city of Yunnan was transferred from Dali to Kunming.

In 1381, the Ming army captured Dali, and Dali road was changed into Dali government, which still governed Taihe County and built a new city, the ancient city of Dali. In 1659, the Qing army invaded Yunnan. The Ming system was followed in the Qing Dynasty. In 1856 (the sixth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty), the Hui uprising broke out in Yunnan, and Du Wenxiu Muslim regime was established to control most areas of Yunnan.

After the founding of the Republic of China, Dali Prefecture was abolished and Taihe County was renamed Dali County. Xiaguan city was established in 1950. In 1983, Xiaguan City merged with Dali County to establish county-level Dali city. Now it is the capital of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture. About two-thirds of Dali's population is Bai.

administrative division

In February 2020, the people's Government of Dali Prefecture approved the withdrawal of Xiaguan town in Dali city and agreed to establish Xiaguan street, Taihe street and ManJiang street.

As of May 2020, Dali city has jurisdiction over 3 streets, 9 towns and 1 Ethnic Township, and the Municipal People's government is located in Duxiu Road, Xiaguan street.

3 streets: Xiaguan street, Taihe street, ManJiang street

9 towns: Dali Town, Fengyi Town, Xizhou Town, Haidong Town, gouse Town, WanQiao Town, Yinqiao Town, Shuanglang town and Shangguan town

Ethnic township: Yi nationality township in Taiyi

geographical environment

geographical position

Dali city is located in the northwest of Yunnan Province, China, at the southern end of Hengduan Mountains, between 99 ° 58 ˊ e to 100 ° 27 ˊ E and 25 ° 25 ˊ n to 25 ° 58 ˊ n. It is a plateau basin with mountains and rivers. The city is 46.3 km from east to west and 59.3 km from north to south. Dali city has a total area of 1815 square kilometers, with 70% mountainous area, 15% water area and 15% dam area. Dali city has been an important transportation hub connecting the eight prefectures of Western Yunnan and Southeast Asia by land.

topographic features

Dali is located at the junction of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau and Hengduan Mountains, with high terrain in the northwest and low terrain in the southeast. The landform is complex and diverse, and the west of DIANCANG mountain is a high mountain gorge area. To the east of DIANCANG mountain and to the west of Xiangyun mountain are steep slopes. The mountains in the territory mainly belong to Yunling mountain range and Nushan mountain range. DIANCANG mountain is located in the middle of Dali, which is as tall and straight as an arch. Xueban mountain, located at the junction of Jianchuan and Lanping in Lijiang, is the highest mountain in Dali, with an altitude of 4295 meters. The lowest point is hongqiba beside Nujiang River in Yunlong County, 730 meters above sea level. There are many lakes and basins in the prefecture. There are 18 basins with an area of more than 1.5 square kilometers, covering a total area of 1871.49 square kilometers. 6% of the total area of the state. Most of the basins are linear basins with zonal distribution, which are arranged into 6 belts from west to East. The Quaternary mountain glacier sites are located in the high mountain areas to the west of Erhai Lake and the north of Yongping lake.

rivers

The main rivers are Jinsha River, Lancang River, Nujiang River and Honghe River (Yuanjiang). There are more than 160 large and small rivers, which are pinnate all over the prefecture. There are Erhai Lake, Tianchi Lake, pengbi lake, West Lake, East Lake, Jianhu Lake, Haixihai lake and Qinghai Lake. Erhai Lake, located in the east of Dali City, is the second largest inland fresh water lake in Yunnan Province, with beautiful scenery. It is known as the "Pearl of Plateau" and is a national key scenic spot.

mountain range

The territory is bounded by a large fault line from Laojunshan to Diancangshan to Ailaoshan, which constitutes two major parts. The eastern part belongs to the Yangtze paraplatform area, and the western part belongs to the Tibetan Yunnan geosynclinal fold area (also known as Sanjiang area). The eastern Yangtze paraplatform is bounded by Erhai Honghe deep (large) fault in the West and extends eastward into Chuxiong state, which is a part of the western margin of Yangtze paraplatform. The Tibetan Yunnan geosynclinal fold area in the west is a vast area in the West and south of the state. It is bounded by Erhai Honghe deep (large) fault in the East and Nujiang and Lancang River Valleys in the west, running through the state from north to south.

Climate and environment

Dali belongs to the north subtropical plateau monsoon climate type, with an average annual temperature of l4.9 ℃, annual sunshine hours of 2227.5 hours, annual rainfall of 1051.1 mm, and an average annual yuan frost period of 228 days. It is also known for its high wind, so it is called "Fengcheng".

Dali is located in the low latitude plateau. Under the comprehensive influence of the geographical conditions of low latitude and high altitude, it has formed the climate characteristics of small annual temperature difference and unobvious four seasons. "The atmosphere of four seasons is often like early spring, where cold ends in cool and summer ends in warm". Due to the complex topography, great difference in altitude and significant vertical difference in climate in Quanzhou. The temperature decreases with the increase of altitude, and the rainfall increases with the increase of altitude. The valley is hot, the dam area is warm, the mountain area is cool, and the mountain area is cold.

natural resources

land resource

Dali city has a land area of 29459 square kilometers, and mountains account for more than 80% of the total area of the prefecture. There are 183161 hectares of cultivated land, including 90458 hectares of farmland and 92703 hectares of land. The garden covers an area of 13333.33 hectares, accounting for 0.5% of the total land area. It is the production base of citrus, apple, peach, plum, pear, tea, mulberry, etc. the water area is 55333.33 hectares, accounting for about 1.9% of the land area. Land use status of the Prefecture: forest land accounts for about 60%, pastoral land accounts for 20%, arable land accounts for 11.2%, and other land accounts for 8.8%. Soil types are divided into 8 classes, 13 soil classes, 23 subclasses, 76 soil genera and 236 soil species. Purple soil accounted for 31.75% of the total land area, red soil accounted for 27.7%.

mineral resources

Dali has good geological and metallogenic conditions and many kinds of mineral resources. There are more than 200 occurrences of manganese, iron, tin, antimony, lead, zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt, tungsten, silver, gold, platinum, palladium, molybdenum, aluminum, mercury and other metal deposits. There are large marble deposits which are well-known at home and abroad. According to preliminary exploration, the reserve of marble in xiaocenfeng area of Cangshan Mountain alone is 100 million cubic meters. There are also rich reserves of limestone, quartz sand, fluorite, clay, coal, etc.; metal ores include platinum, palladium, manganese, antimony, etc.

Water resources

Water resources include fresh water Lake Erhai, abundant Cangshan spring and groundwater, and geothermal resources include hot spring only tangzipu

Chinese PinYin : Yun Nan Sheng Da Li Bai Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Da Li Shi