Mengla County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province

Mengla County is one of the counties under the jurisdiction of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province. The county is located in the southeast of Xishuangbanna Autonomous Prefecture, with a total area of 6860.84 square kilometers. Mengla County is bounded by Laos in the East and south, facing Myanmar across the Lancang River in the southwest, Jinghong City, the capital of the Autonomous Prefecture in the northwest, and Jiangcheng Hani and Yi Autonomous County of Pu'er City in the north.

In 2010, the total population of Mengla County was 281700. Mengla County is one of the counties inhabited by ethnic minorities. There are 26 ethnic minorities living here, accounting for 70% of the total population of the county. The main ethnic minorities are Dai, Hani, Yao and Yi.

In 2013, Mengla County governs 7 towns, 3 townships (including 2 ethnic townships), 4 communities and 52 administrative villages. In 2011, Mengla County's GDP reached 4.734 billion yuan, and the three industrial structure was optimized to 42:19:39. The tourist attractions of Mengla County include Mohan border trade zone, Mengla wangtianshu, Nanla River Yequ rafting, etc. On April 30, 2019, the people's Government of Yunnan Province decided to withdraw Mengla County from the sequence of poverty-stricken counties.

On January 22, 2020, it was named National Garden County by the Ministry of housing and urban rural development.

Historical evolution

"Mengla" is a transliteration of Dai language, "Meng" means "place, country", "La" means "tea", and "Mengla" means "land of tea" or "country of tea".

Before 109 BC, today Mengla is a territory of the ancient Dai alliance state "mengdaguang" (Chinese translation of "Ailao state").

In 109 BC, the Han Dynasty conquered the state of Dian, Kunming, Yi and other tribes, set up Yizhou County, and extended its power into the territory of "mengdaguang" (Ailao state) to set up counties (military strongholds). Mengdaguang was busy coping with the Han Dynasty and gave up part of its territory. Now Mengla has become a free land.

In 69, mengdaguang (Ailao state) was attached to the Han Dynasty and set up Yongchang County, which was jointly managed by the Han Dynasty sheriff and zhaodaguang (Ailao king); in 76 ad, zhaodaguang (Ailao king) had conflicts with the Han Dynasty sheriff and fought against the Han Dynasty. The Han Army and mengdaguang army fought fiercely for many times, and some Dai ancestors moved to mengdaguang (Yongchang County) to avoid the war ）Mengla has been further developed.

In 738, the Dai people of mengshe (Weishan basin) came to the Erhai Basin and established the regime of mengshelong (Nanzhao state in Chinese translation). In 765, mengshelong (Nanzhao state) set up Yinsheng Jiedu in Menggu (Jingdong basin) and governed Menggu and its south. Today, Mengla is a profit city of Yinsheng Jiedu.

In 902, the power of mengshelong (Nanzhao state) was usurped by the powerful officials of Han nationality. The defeated Dai nobles of mengshelong were forced to move out of Erhai Basin with their families and servants. Some of them moved to the south of mengshelong through mengshe and Menggu. Today, the population of Dai people in Mengla has increased.

In 937, Duan Siping, the former "mengshelong" (Nanzhao state) Tonghai Jiedu envoy, entered the Erhai Basin to establish Dali state, and Yinsheng Jiedu was set up in Menggu along the old system of "mengshelong"; in 1096, Dali state abolished Jiedu, Dudu and other military areas, and adjusted them to eight prefectures, four prefectures and four towns; now Mengla first belongs to Yinsheng Jiedu, and then to Weichu Prefecture.

In 1180, the leader of the Dai nationality in Menggu (under the jurisdiction of the Wei Chu government of Dali state) sent the people down to the south to drive out the mon Khmer forces in the north, unify the Dai nationality in the middle and lower reaches of Lancang River, and set up the alliance state menggui (translated into Jinglong state); in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, menggui (Jinglong state) respected Dali as menghuoxiang (the state of gems) and claimed to be the leader of the Dai nationality“ Menghuohan (the kingdom of gold) gradually alienated Dali in the later period, and now Mengla belongs to Menghe (the kingdom of Jinglong).

In 1292, on the way of Yuan Dynasty's expedition to "Mengyong" (Chinese translation of "eight hundred daughter-in-law country" or "Lanna country"), mengshe (Jinglong country) was destroyed; in 1296, the Yuan Dynasty set up Cheli military and civilian general office in "mengshe"; today, Mengla belongs to Cheli military and civilian general office.

In 1382, "Mengzhe" was subordinated to the Ming Dynasty, and Cheli military and civilian government was set up; in 1384, Cheli military and civilian government was changed into Cheli military and civilian xuanweisi; today, Mengla belongs to Cheli military and civilian xuanweisi (Cheli military and civilian government).

In 1570, Chari Xuanwei envoy Zhao yingmeng divided the jurisdiction into 12 "Banna" (administrative regions); today, Mengla and Mengban are one "Banna", Mengpeng, mengrun and Mengman are one "Banna", Zhengdong, Yibang and Yiwu are one "Banna", and the three "Banna" are subordinate to chari Xuanwei department.

In 1659, the Qing army conquered Yunnan and still set up Cheli xuanweisi; in 1729, the Qing Dynasty set up Pu'er Prefecture in 6 "Banna" areas to the east of Lancang River, and the Dai nationality in 6 "Banna" areas belonged to Pu'er Prefecture nominally, but actually they still listened to the deployment of Cheli xuanweisi; today Mengla County is under the two-way management of Pu'er Prefecture and Cheli xuanweisi.

In 1913, the government of the Republic of China set up the General Administration of Pusi border area, under which there were eight district administrative sub bureaus to govern the area together with local hereditary local officials. Today, Mengla County is divided into the Fifth District Administrative sub Bureau and the Sixth District Administrative sub Bureau.

In 1925, the General Administration of border areas in Pusi was changed into the supervision office of border areas in Pusi, which was divided into eight sub offices of border areas in Pusi, and still managed the local areas together with local hereditary local officials. Today, Mengla County is divided into the fifth sub Office of border areas in Pusi and the sixth sub Office of border areas in Pusi.

In 1927, Zhenyue county was set up in the Fifth District and Xiangming county was set up in the Sixth District;

In 1929, Xiangming county was merged into Zhenyue county.

In 1950, the Chinese people's Liberation Army entered Zhenyue County, where the people's government was established.

In 1953, Zhenyue county was divided into Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Region, and was reorganized into Banna Yiwu, Banna Mengla and Banna Mengpeng.

In 1957, Banna Yiwu, Banna Mengla and Banna Mengpeng were changed into Banna Yiwu and Banna Mengla; in 1958, Banna Yiwu and Banna Mengla were merged into Yiwu County; in 1959, Yiwu county was renamed Mengla County.

In March 2002, Mengla Township and Mengla town were merged into Mengla town. The town government was stationed in the former Mengla township government. The three villager groups of maocaoshan, taoziqing and naxiu in jingpiao administrative village of Mengla Township were assigned to huiluo administrative village of Mengban town.

In September 2004, Manla Yi Yao Township and its jurisdiction were abolished and merged into Yiwu Township, mengrun Hani Township and its jurisdiction into Mengpeng town.

administrative division

The county governs 8 towns (Mengla, Mengpeng, Menglun, guanlei, Mengman, Mengban, Shangyong, Yiwu), 2 townships (Yao District, Xiangming), 4 farm management committees (Mengla, Mengpeng, Mengman, Mengxing), 7 neighborhood committees, 52 villagers' committees and 529 villagers' groups. It is located in a central scientific research unit (Menglun botanical garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences).

geographical environment

geographical position

Mengla County is located in the southernmost part of Yunnan Province, under the Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture. Located between 21 ° 08 ′ n to 22 ° 25 ′ N and 101 ° 06 ′ e to 100 ° 50 ′ e, the area under its jurisdiction is 6860.84 square kilometers, with mountains accounting for 95.63% and Intermountain basins (Bazi) accounting for 4.37%. It is an important land and water port with 740.8 kilometers long. It is connected with Laos in the East and south, Myanmar across the Lancang River in the west, and Jiangcheng County in the north. The county is located in Mengla Town, 640 meters above sea level. Kunman highway, an international thoroughfare, passes through it. The county is 631 km away from Kunming, the provincial capital, 136 km away from Yunjinghong, 58 km away from Mohan, the first port on the Lancang River, 70 km away from guanlei wharf, and 230 km away from the famous "Golden Triangle". At present, there are five roads directly to the border ports of Laos and Myanmar, among which three asphalt roads directly lead to the capitals of three provinces in northern Laos. Mengla is also known as the "East The Danube", the name of the Lancang River Mekong River golden waterway, the Chinese mainland to the South China Peninsula corridor. From guanlei wharf down the Lancang River to Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam, and then out of the Pacific to South Asian countries, it is the forefront of Yunnan Province's economic development strategy of "breaking through the Middle Road, opening the south gate and moving towards the Asia Pacific", the gateway of Lancang Mekong sub regional economic and technological cooperation, and the forefront of Yunnan's construction of "two strong and one fort".

climate

Mengla County has excellent natural conditions. It is located in the south of Tropic of cancer. It has a subtropical monsoon climate. It is warm and hot all the year round. There is no severe cold in winter and no severe heat in summer. The altitude of the county is 640 meters. The average temperature in the county is 22.1 ℃, the annual average maximum temperature is 29.9 ℃, and the annual average minimum temperature is 18.1 ℃; the average relative humidity is 84%, the lowest point is 74%, and the highest point is 89%. It is one of the three counties with the highest humidity in Yunnan Province (the other two are Pingbian and masupo); the annual precipitation is 1486.5 mm; the annual sunshine hours is only about 1984.1 hours.

topographic features

Mengla County is located in the east of Lancang River fault and the tail of Wuliang Mountain. The whole terrain is high in the northeast and low in the southwest and south. Controlled by tectonism, many north-south trending mountains and basins were formed. In the north, there are mountain plains with undulating slopes. In the middle, the karst landscape is colorful, and in the south, the broad valley basin is open.

Mengla County belongs to the eroded mountain area, which is the south section of Hengduan Mountain longitudinal valley and the South extension tail of Wuliang Mountain. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south, descending in a ladder shape from northeast to southwest. The average altitude is 1000 meters. The land area of the county is 7093 square kilometers, with a total area of 1

Chinese PinYin : Yun Nan Sheng Xi Shuang Ban Na Dai Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Meng La Xian