Majiang County, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province

Majiang County, belonging to Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou Province, is located in the middle of Guizhou Province and the upstream of Qingshui River. It is the west gate of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, bordering Kaili City in the northeast, Danzhai County in the southeast, Duyun City in the south, Guiding County in the West and Fuquan City in the north. It is between 107 ° 18 ′ - 107 ° 54 ′ E and 26 ° 17 ′ - 26 ° 37 ′ n with a total area of 956.70 square kilometers.

Majiang county is rich in tourism resources, including qingshuijiangshanshuiyun, Xianrenqiao Provincial Forest Park, former residence of Xia Tonghe, the number one scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, Majiang section of Guizhou Guangxi ancient post road in Ming and Qing Dynasties, folk sports such as Miao folk song and dance performance, dragon boat, bullfight, chicken fight, bird fight and dog fight, Xingshan Liubao, Xuanwei wuyangma, Kawu, Jidong and Longshan Heba, Fuxing and other places have unique and strong national characteristics and customs. They are also the sites of two national and nine provincial intangible cultural heritage lists, including Maple printing and dyeing skills, Miao brocade skills, Yao costumes, Mulao year and she bacao dance. On July 29, 2020, it will be included in the National Health township (county) naming list of 2017-2019 cycle.

In 2016, Majiang County registered residence population of 53507 households, 168 thousand and 892 people. In 2018, Majiang county has jurisdiction over two streets, four towns and one Township, realizing a GDP of 3.46725 billion yuan, of which the added value of the primary industry is 9133.5 million yuan, the added value of the secondary industry is 8170.5 million yuan, and the added value of the tertiary industry is 1.73685 billion yuan.

Historical evolution

The origin of place names

Majiang is the translation of Maha in Miao language, which means the land on water. The name of Majiang is the sound turn of Maha and maxia in history. According to legend, because of the pacification division, there are mahawan in the East, Dama in the south, guangma in the southwest, and Mala and other villages, so it is named after the place.

Maha and maxia are the result of different Chinese characters recording sounds in the same language. Looking up the local history, this language should be the language of Mulao people, and this place is their birthplace in history. As for the specific meaning of Maha and maxia, we need to know, but we can be sure that they are named after the geographical shape. Majiang is a later derived place name. If it is classified, it can be classified into the category named after geographical rivers.

History of construction

Qin and Han dynasties belong to the jurisdiction of Qilan county.

The Sui and Tang Dynasties belonged to Binhua county.

In the Southern Song Dynasty, the Xuanfu division of Pingyi in zhileping and the pacification division of Manman in mahaping.

Maxia county was established in Yuan Dynasty.

Maha Prefecture was established in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

In 1914, Maha Prefecture was abolished and Maha county was established. In 1930, it was renamed Majiang county.

On November 14, 1949, Majiang was liberated. On November 23, 1949, the people's Government of Majiang county was established, which is subordinate to Dushan district.

In 1956, it was transferred to Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture.

In January 1959, Majiang county was withdrawn and merged into Kaili city.

On August 18, 1961, Majiang county was established.

On April 24, 2019, Guizhou Provincial People's government officially approved Majiang county to withdraw from the poverty-stricken county sequence.

administrative division

Division evolution

In 2011, Majiang County governs 4 towns and 5 townships. They are Xingshan Town, Xiasi Town, Gudong town and Xuanwei town; Bibo Township, Jingyang Township, Longshan Township, bamang Township and Xianchang township.

In 2013, Guizhou Provincial People's Government (QFH [2013] No. 120) agreed to set up towns in Bibo Township, Longshan Township and Xianchang Buyi township of Majiang county;

In 2014, Guizhou Provincial People's Government (QFH [2014] No. 184) agreed to put Xiasi town and Bibo town of Majiang County under the jurisdiction of Kaili city;

On January 14, 2016, Guizhou Provincial People's Government (QFH [2016] No. 10) agreed to abolish the establishment of Xingshan street and Jinzhu street in Xingshan town of Majiang county. After the adjustment, Majiang County governs Xingshan street, Jinzhu street, Gudong Town, Xuanwei Town, Longshan Town, Xianchang town and bamang Buyi Township, with a total of 2 streets, 4 towns and 1 nationality township.

Current situation of regionalization

As of 2018, Majiang county has jurisdiction over 2 streets, 4 towns and 1 township. The people's Government of Majiang county is located in Xingshan street.

geographical environment

Location context

Majiang county is located in the middle of Guizhou Province, in the west of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, bordering Kaili City in the northeast, Danzhai County in the southeast, jiaoduyun city in the south, Guiding County in the West and Fuquan City in the north. It is between 107 ° 18 ′ - 107 ° 54 ′ E and 26 ° 17 ′ - 26 ° 37 ′ n. It is 58.2 km long from east to west and 36.7 km wide from north to south, with a total area of 956.70 square kilometers. The county is 109.0km away from Guiyang, the provincial capital, and 42.0km away from Kaili, the state capital.

topographic features

Majiang county is located in the slope zone of the transition from Yunnan Guizhou Plateau to Hunan Guangxi hills. Due to the control of the North-South geological structure system, the terrain is high in the West and low in the East, with the highest altitude of 1862 meters and the lowest altitude of 576 meters. The relative elevation difference is 1286 meters and the general height is about 900 meters. Xingshan Town, where the county is located, is 930 meters. The county is mainly mountainous, with low mountains, low mountains, hills, valleys and basins accounting for 78.4% of the total area of the county.

Climatic characteristics

Majiang county belongs to subtropical monsoon humid climate zone, with no severe cold in winter, no severe heat in summer, abundant rainfall, hot and rainy season, and four distinct seasons. The annual average temperature is 14-16 ℃. The temperature is higher in the eastern part of low altitude area and lower in the western part of high altitude area, showing a decreasing trend from east to west. The annual average temperature of Longshan in the East is the highest (16.5 ℃), and that of bamang and Jingyang in the west is the lowest (14.2 ℃). Therefore, the difference of heat resources between the East and the west of Majiang county is large, forming an obvious three-dimensional climate. The annual precipitation is 1200-1600 mm, which is abundant. The precipitation is mainly concentrated from April to October, accounting for 82% of the annual precipitation. The average relative variability of annual precipitation is 11.6%, with good stability and high utilization value of water resources. The annual average sunshine hours is 1068.1 hours, and the annual sunshine percentage is 24.2%. Sunshine hours are mainly concentrated from May to September, accounting for about 58% of the annual sunshine hours. The annual average frost free period is 277 days, with 337 days in the most years and 232 days in the least years. The first frost mainly occurs in November, and the last frost mainly occurs in the first half of March. The annual average relative humidity is about 80%.

Water system hydrology

Majiang county is rich in surface water and groundwater. The rivers in Majiang County belong to the main stream of Qingshui River and the tributary of Chongan River, and belong to the Yuanjiang River system of the Yangtze River Basin. There are 228 rivers in Majiang County, with a total length of 712.9 km. Due to the complex geological terrain, the distribution of water resources in Majiang county is uneven. The precipitation in June, July, August and March accounts for 54.9% of the annual precipitation. The precipitation from April to September in summer accounts for 86.1% of the annual precipitation, and the precipitation from October to march in winter only accounts for 13.9%.

Soil type

The soil in Majiang county is divided into 6 soil types (mountain yellow brown soil, yellow soil, calcareous soil, purple soil, fluvo aquic soil and paddy soil), 17 sub types, 38 soil genera and 91 soil species. The zonal soil includes mountain yellow brown soil and yellow soil, and the non zonal soil includes calcareous soil, purple soil, fluvo aquic soil and paddy soil. Paddy soil accounts for 70.20%. According to the results of soil sample test, the basic conclusion of the three elements of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the county is that the soil is generally rich in potassium and deficient in phosphorus and nitrogen, which is suitable for the growth of various crops.

Vegetation conditions

Majiang county has forest, shrub, herb, bamboo, crops and other vegetation types, in which forest vegetation is the main. With the development of social economy and the increase of population, there are few original vegetation in the territory, which is gradually replaced by secondary vegetation. The vegetation coverage decreases from the West and southwest to the southeast, and from the middle to the north. In the west, southwest and central part, forest vegetation is dominant, followed by herbage and shrub, while in the East and North, herbage and sparse forest are dominant. The natural secondary vegetation in the county is mainly evergreen coniferous forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, deciduous broad-leaved forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and shrub forest, followed by grass and bamboo forest. Artificial vegetation is mainly pine, fir, cypress, pine and cypress, tung oil tree, Camellia oleifera, in addition to a variety of crop vegetation.

natural resources

water resource

The rivers in Majiang County belong to Qingshuijiang River system. The main stream of Qingshuijiang River flows 37.5 kilometers in the county. There are 11 first-class and second-class rivers with rainfall collection area of more than 20 square kilometers, and 217 rivers below second-class. The total length of the rivers is 712.9 kilometers, and the total runoff is 103.5 billion cubic meters. The theoretical reserves of water resources are 40300 kilowatts, and the exploitable capacity is 37000 kilowatts.

Woodland resources

By the end of 2016, Majiang county had 869000 mu of woodland area, 60.06% of forest coverage, 2.5162 million cubic meters of standing trees, and 53229 mu of afforestation area in that year. There is a nature reserve with an area of 8667 hectares, accounting for 9% of the total land area of the county.

Biological resources

There are 154 kinds of wild animals in Majiang county. There are more than 200 kinds of wild medicinal materials such as honeysuckle, Eucommia ulmoides and Gastrodia elata.

mineral resources

There are 19 kinds of metal and nonmetal minerals in Majiang county. Barite, coal, lead-zinc ore, iron ore, phosphate rock, silica, limestone, dolomite, shale, ceramic soil, brick clay, construction sand and other advantageous minerals have been developed and utilized.

Majiang county is rich in mineral resources, which are distributed in nine towns of the county. Barite, coal and iron ore have been developed and utilized; phosphate, lead-zinc, pyrite, limestone, marble, dolomite, shale, ceramic soil, silica, calcite, fluorite, brick clay, building sand and other advantageous minerals

Chinese PinYin : Gui Zhou Sheng Qian Dong Nan Miao Zu Dong Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Ma Jiang Xian