Yinjiang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County, Tongren City, Guizhou Province

Yinjiang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County, an Autonomous County under the jurisdiction of Tongren City, Guizhou Province, is located in the northeast of Guizhou Province and the west of Tongren City. The terrain is high in the East and low in the west, and tilts from southeast to northwest. There is no severe cold in winter and no severe heat in summer. It has a total area of 1969 square kilometers and governs three streets, 13 towns and one township. In 2018, it has a total population of 4545000.

Yinjiang is located in the West foot of Fanjing. It began in Siwang County in Wude period of Tang Dynasty (618-626). In 1987, it was approved by the State Council to establish Yinjiang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County. The 303 and 304 provincial roads and hang Rui Expressway pass through the city. Yinjiang has lived in Tujia, Miao, Han and other nationalities for a long time. Mr. Yan yinliang, who is famous for the plaque of "Summer Palace", is one of the representatives of its calligraphy culture In 1986, Fanjing Mountain, located in the east of the county, was designated as a national nature reserve by the State Council. In March 2019, it will be listed in the first batch of counties for the protection and utilization of revolutionary cultural relics. On April 24, 2019, Guizhou Provincial People's government officially approved Yinjiang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County to withdraw from the poverty-stricken county sequence.

In 2018, the GDP of Yinjiang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County was 10.142 billion yuan, an increase of 10.5% over the previous year; the added value of the primary industry was 3.029 billion yuan, an increase of 7.0%; the added value of the secondary industry was 1.954 billion yuan, an increase of 9.3%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 5.159 billion yuan, an increase of 12.8%.

Evolution of organizational system

The origin of place names

The name of Yinjiang originated from Kaiyuan of Tang Dynasty (713-741). In the early Tang Dynasty, "Siwang county" and "siqiong county" were established on this land, and "Yinjiang county" was established in the seventh year of Hongzhi of Ming Dynasty (1494). It is said that the change from "Qiongjiang" to "Yinjiang" is an interesting story. It is said that the local officials reported the political situation of Yinjiang to the emperor at that time, but the Emperor didn't pay attention to it for a moment. He recognized the word "Qiongjiang" as "Yin" and blurted it out. When the emperor spoke, he spoke with gold and jade, so there was "Yinjiang".

Historical evolution

In 620, Siwang county was established to govern the eastern part of the county. In 716, siqiong county was established to govern Jiashan village of Yinjiang town. In the first year of Tianbao (742), Siwang and siqiong counties were subordinate to Ningyi county. It belonged to Qianzhou in the Five Dynasties. In Song Dynasty, Langdong and Sibao were set up in Siwang and siqiong counties. Jianyan first year (1127), change Li Kuizhou road. In the first year of Jianlong (960), siqiong county was abandoned as qiongshui county.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Yinjiang was the military and civilian appeasement place of Sizhou, and there were three long lawsuits in the territory of Qiongjiang, Langxi and jueche. Jianzhiyuan 21 years (1284) change Lishun Yuan Road, to Yuan 29 years (1292), change Li Huguang province.

At the beginning of Ming Dynasty, it was the case of jueche Manyi, Langxi and siqiongjiang. During the Hongwu Period, the case was changed from jueche to Langxi. In the seventh year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1494), Yinjiang county was established by abolishing the Qiongjiang and Langxi divisions.

In the tenth year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty (1830), a lawsuit was filed against Langxi barbarians and incorporated into Yinjiang county.

In 1913, it belonged to Qiandong Road, Guizhou Province. In 1925, Qiandong road was abolished, and it was directly controlled by the province. In 1935, it was subordinate to the sixth administrative region of Guizhou Province. In 1943, it was subordinate to the sixth administrative supervision district of Guizhou Province. In 1947, it was under the jurisdiction of Qiandongnan division.

In 1949, Yinjiang county was established.

On December 13, 1986, with the approval of the State Council, Yinjiang county was abolished and Yinjiang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County was established.

administrative division

By 2018, Yinjiang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County has 17 townships (towns), including 3 streets, 13 towns and 1 township: eling street, Longjin street, Zhongxing Street, Banxi Town, Shashapo Town, Tiantang Town, Muhuang Town, Heshui Town, Langxi Town, Zhanxi Town, Yangxi Town, Xinzhai Town, Shanshu town, Daoba Town, Ziwei Town, Yangliu town and Luochang town. The county people's government is located in Xianfu Road, eling street.

geographical environment

Location context

Yinjiang county is located in the middle of Tongren area in the northeast of Guizhou Province. It borders Songtao Miao Autonomous County in the northeast, Yanhe Tujia Autonomous County and Dejiang County in the northwest, Jiangkou County in the southeast, Shiqian County in the South and Sinan County in the West. The geographical coordinates are 108 ° 17 ′ - 108 ° 48 ′ E and 27 ° 35 ′ - 28 ° 28 ′ n. Yinjiang county is 83.6 kilometers long from north to South and 49.4 kilometers wide from east to west, with a total area of 1969 square kilometers.

topographic features

Yinjiang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County is located between the low mountains and hills in eastern Guizhou and the Zhongshan gorge in Northeast Guizhou, which is the transitional slope from Yunnan Guizhou Plateau to the hills in Western Hunan and Sichuan Basin. Fanjing Mountain, the main peak of Wuling mountains, is located in the east of the county, forming a landform of high in the East and low in the west, and inclined from southeast to northwest. The highest peak of Fanjing Mountain is 2493.8 meters above sea level. The lowest point is longmenkou at the junction of Sinan and Dejiang in the west, 377.7 meters above sea level. The relative height difference is 2116.1 meters. The distance between the high and low points is 46.12 kilometers. The landform in the county can be divided into middle and high mountains, middle and low mountains, and the landform types include dissolution, erosion and valley erosion accumulation landform. Karst landform (karst landform) is the main landform in the county, with a wide range of distribution. Except for Fanjing Mountain in the southeast, most of the other areas belong to this type. The eastern Fanjing Mountain area, with an average altitude of more than 1600 meters, is characterized by strong terrain cutting, large relative elevation difference and steep slope, which is dominated by erosion landform; the front zone of Fanjing Mountain in the Middle East, with an altitude of 1000-1600 meters and steep slope, is characterized by low and medium mountain terrain, which is dominated by karst landform, river erosion accumulation landform and erosion landform; the middle, southwest and south zone is dominated by sea erosion landform The terrain of 800-1000m is low mountain, mainly karst landform, erosion landform and river erosion landform; the altitude of the territory is 700-800m, with relative elevation difference of 200-300m and small slope, which is low mountain terrain. In the valley area of mountainous terrain, some relatively flat valley erosion accumulation landforms are formed by the perennial river erosion, but the area is small.

climate

Yinjiang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County has a subtropical humid monsoon climate, with an average annual temperature of 16.8 ℃, sunshine duration of 1255 hours, frost free period of nearly 300 days, annual rainfall of about 1100mm, no severe cold in winter and no severe heat in summer. Annual average sunshine hours: 1296.9 hours, winter: outdoor wind speed 0.9 m / s, summer: outdoor wind speed 1.0 m / s, annual maximum wind speed (fixed time): 12 m / s, extreme maximum temperature: 39.9 ℃, extreme minimum temperature: - 9.0 ℃, annual average temperature: 16.8 ℃, annual average relative humidity: 78%, annual maximum relative humidity: 100%, annual minimum relative humidity: 9% Average atmospheric pressure: 962.2 HPA, annual average precipitation: 1113.4 mm, annual maximum precipitation: 1621.6 mm, annual minimum precipitation: 678.7 mm, daily average temperature ≤ 5.0 ℃ days: 50.4 days, maximum snow depth: 17 mm, winter atmospheric pressure: 969.1 HPA, summer atmospheric pressure: 953.0 HPA, minimum temperature occurrence date: January 30, 1977, maximum air temperature The occurrence date of temperature: July 27, 1971, the hottest month, the coldest month: hot July, cold January, the annual average frost period: 74 days.

hydrology

The rivers in Yinjiang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County belong to the Wujiang River system of the Yangtze River Basin. The main rivers are Yinjiang River, Chejia River, lemao River, Yangxi River, jiangyuangou River, etc. the surface river network is dense. Most of the rivers are steep in the upper reaches, gentle in the middle reaches, steep in the lower reaches, deep in valleys, and turbulent in flow. They flow into Wujiang River from west to East, from south to North and from south to east to west.

natural resources

water resource

Yinjiang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County is rich in water resources. There are 20 rain collecting areas and 20 rivers more than 10 kilometers in the county, of which 8 rivers have a drainage area of more than 100 square kilometers, with a total length of 223 kilometers and an annual runoff of 1.25 billion cubic meters. There are 4 underground hot springs and 163 open springs and wells in the county. The hydropower reserve is 58700 kilowatts, and nearly 50000 kilowatts can be developed.

Animal resources

The wild animals in Yinjiang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County include Eupolyphaga sinensis, Gunshanzhu, lizard, Shanglu, Wugong, woodpecker, squirrel, bamboo chicken, turtledove, swallow, crow, bat, flying tiger, Yangji, kingfisher, dayulan, grey cangnian, Pulsatilla Shrike, liangzhuniao, bailingniao, dayangdaoniao, qingqueniao, maodongniao, shanqueniao, dianshuiniao, Finch, yuanyuniao, sparrow, ground sparrow, cuckoo, qingqueniao, river bird, river gull, magpie, sand monk bird, thrush, acacia, cluck (produced in Fanjing Mountain), fengtouniao. The protected animals are golden monkey, white crane Brown pigeon, pangolin (copper armour, iron armour), bear, musk deer, tiger, leopard, deer, fox (fur dog), owl, Monkey (short tailed monkey), "bucket waterbird, wild goat (yellow sheep), big black sheep, bison, hare, pheasant, Jinji, Hanji (long tailed chicken), wild cat, thorn pig (porcupine), flat burr pig (hedgehog), Jiujie It is composed of three parts: Linlin, weasel (weasel), leopard wolf (deaf cat), wild goose (Osprey), small wild duck (water harrier), rock eagle, mountain hawk (harrier) and yellow duck

Chinese PinYin : Gui Zhou Sheng Tong Ren Shi Yin Jiang Tu Jia Zu Miao Zu Zi Zhi Xian