Chishui City, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province

Chishui Chishui, a county-level city in Guizhou Province, is managed by Zunyi City. It is located in the northwest of Guizhou Province, in the middle and lower reaches of Chishui River, between 105 ° 36 ′ E and 106 ° 14 ′ e, 28 ° 15 ′ N and 45 ′ n, bordering Xishui County in Guizhou Province in the southeast, and Gulin, Xuyong and Hejiang counties in Sichuan Province in the northwest. It is 225 km from Zunyi, 377 km from Guiyang, 172 km from Chongqing, 293 km from Chengdu and 40 km from Luzhou, with a total area of 1852 square kilometers.

In 2018, Chishui has jurisdiction over 3 sub district offices, 11 towns and 3 townships. In 2016, there were 244100 permanent residents in the city for half a year. In 2016, the city's GDP was 9.614 billion yuan, and the per capita GDP was 39548 yuan. It has successively won the honorary titles of China's excellent tourism city, national ecological construction demonstration area, international leisure tourism city, national ecological city and Guizhou forest city. In June 2017, Chishui City was named national health city. In October 2017, Chishui City was the first poverty-stricken county in Guizhou Province to pass the national assessment and be officially approved by the provincial people's government.

Chishui is located in Luzhou District of tai'ao and Sichuan Basin. Chishui River is the largest river in the city. The city is a humid monsoon climate zone in the middle subtropical zone. It is warm in winter and early in spring. There is less sunshine in the whole year. The three-dimensional climate and regional differences are significant. Chishui has the original vegetation belt of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, including one world natural heritage site, one national scenic spot, two national forest parks, two national nature reserves, one national geopark and two national 4A scenic spots.

On September 25, 2018, it won the honorary title of "2018 e-commerce into rural comprehensive demonstration county" of the Ministry of Commerce. On December 12, 2018, it was named as the second batch of "green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains" practice and innovation bases. On May 14, 2019, he won the 10th China Environment Award. In September 2019, it will be selected as one of the first batch of national global tourism demonstration zones.

History of construction

Ancient times

In the Neolithic period, there were human activities in the middle and lower reaches of the Chishui River. Stone axes, stone axes, stone net pendants, traces of fire used by primitive human beings and rock inscriptions that have not yet been interpreted have been found.

Tang and Song Dynasties

In Tang Dynasty, there were Xizhou, Linzhou and nengzhou in Chishui.

In 1109, Chishui was officially established by administration. It belonged to Renhuai County of Zizhou at that time, and its county seat is now Fuxing town. Xuanhe three years (1121), the withdrawal of Zizhou, Renhuai county to Fort, change the jurisdiction of Luzhou Hejiang county.

In the second year of Duanping (1235) of the Southern Song Dynasty, Renhuai fort was transferred to the management of Xuanwei Department of Bozhou.

Yuan and Ming Dynasties

In the Yuan Dynasty, Yang bangxian, the chief of the Xuanwei Department of Bozhou, descended to the Yuan Dynasty and took Renhuai fort and Wudu city (today's Xishui Earth City) as Renhuai and Guci places. He sent inspectors to the former Renhuai fort for jurisdiction. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, Ming Yuzhen established "Xia Dynasty" in Chongqing, and changed Renhuai and Guci into Huaiyang county.

In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang destroyed Xia and Huaiyang county was abolished, which was under the jurisdiction of xuanweishi Department of Bozhou. In 1381, Chishui area now belongs to renhuaili, Longmen Li (also known as lower Chishui Li) and upper Chishui li of Bozhou 54 Li. After Wanli 29 years of horizontal sowing, Renhuai county was set up with renhuaili, Longmen Li, upper Chishui Li, Dingshan Li and xiaoxili, and subordinate to Zunyi military and civilian government of Sichuan Province. Due to the early abandonment of Renhuai County, Cao Yike, the first magistrate of Renhuai County, set the new County in liuyuanba (also known as liyuanba, now the seat of Chishui City) on the lower reaches of Chishui, adjacent to Hejiang County of Luzhou across the river.

The period of Qing and Republic of China

The Qing Dynasty was still established in the Ming Dynasty. In 1728, it was transferred to Guizhou with Zunyi Prefecture. In the ninth year of Yongzheng (1728), Du Quan, the county magistrate, lived at the border of Renhuai county with the county seat, and "it's not convenient for the officials and the people to measure the soil to the south of the river". He asked for permission to move his office to liboli in the south of Renhuai county. Renhuai county was moved from liuyuanba to the boundary of Renhuai County, and the original county seat was transferred to Zunyi Prefecture. In the third year of Qianlong reign (1738), the Ministry of officials proposed to transfer Renhuai, Hexi and Tucheng three li of Renhuai county to the old city, also known as Zunyi branch. In 1748, Zunyi was divided into Zunyi hall, also known as Renhuai hall. In 1776, Zunyi hall was changed into Renhuai Zhili hall, which was under the management of grain storage in Guizhou. In 1908, with the abolition of grain storage road in Guizhou, Renhuai Zhili hall was changed to Chishui hall under the jurisdiction of Zunyi Prefecture because of the same name of Renhuai Zhili hall and Renhuai county.

In 1914, Chishui department was abolished and Chishui county was established.

After the founding of new China

On December 1, 1949, Chishui was liberated.

In February 1950, the people's Government of Chishui county was established and formally took over the power of the former Chishui county government.

In December 1990, Chishui county was abolished and Chishui City was built.

In July 1991, the administrative divisions below the county level were adjusted. 36 townships (towns) in six districts and one town were removed, and 5 townships in nine towns and 3 sub district offices were built.

In June 1997, due to the withdrawal of Zunyi area and the establishment of Zunyi City, Chishui City was changed into a province directly under the central government.

administrative division

By 2018, Chishui has jurisdiction over 3 sub district offices, 11 towns and 3 townships: Shizhong sub district office, Wenhua sub district office, Jinhua sub district office, Tiantai Town, Fuxing Town, Datong Town, Wanglong Town, Hushi Town, YuanHou Town, Guandu town, Changchang Town, Changsha Town, Lianghekou Town, bing'an Town, Baoyuan Town, Shibao town and Baiyun town. The government is stationed in Shifu Road, Shizhong street.

geographical environment

Location context

Chishui City is located in the northwest of Guizhou Province, in the middle and lower reaches of Chishui River, between 105 ° 36 ′ e to 106 ° 14 ′ E and 28 ° 15 ′ n to 45 ′ n, bordering Xishui County of Guizhou Province in the southeast and Gulin, Xuyong and Hejiang counties of Sichuan Province in the northwest. It is 225 km from Zunyi, 377 km from Guiyang, 172 km from Chongqing, 293 km from Chengdu and 40 km from Luzhou, with a total area of 1852 square kilometers.

Climatic characteristics

Chishui City belongs to the humid monsoon climate zone in the middle subtropical zone, with warm winter and early spring, hot summer and more summer drought, less sunshine in the whole year, and more overcast and rainy in early summer and late autumn. The annual average temperature is 18.1 ℃ (the highest temperature is 43.2 ℃, the lowest temperature is - 1.2 ℃), the average annual rainfall is 1195.7 mm, the annual sunshine hours is 1145.2 hours, the average annual relative humidity is 82%, and the frost free period is 340-350 days, which decreases with the elevation. The frost free period is 300 days in the area below 800 meters, and 210-300 days in the area above 800 meters.

In 2015, the average temperature of Chishui was 18.9 ℃, which was 0.9 ℃ higher than that of the previous year; the annual precipitation was 1455.1 mm, which was normal compared with that of the previous year; the annual sunshine was 1192.5 hours, which was 10% higher than that of the previous year.

The highest average temperature in July is about 27.2 ℃, the lowest is about 7.9 ℃ in January, the annual temperature range is 19.3 ~ 20.5 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is - 1.2 ℃, and the extreme maximum temperature is 43.2 ℃. As the terrain is covered and the trees are luxuriant, the harmful high temperature above 40 ℃ is rare.

The annual precipitation in Chishui ranges from 800 mm to 1700 mm. The precipitation is mainly distributed from April to October, accounting for more than 80% of the whole year. The precipitation in summer (June to August) is the most, reaching 383-681 mm, accounting for 40.12% - 44.7% of the annual rainfall. The precipitation in winter (December February) is the least, only 58.3-166 mm, accounting for 6.5% - 10.5% of the annual rainfall.

The dominant wind direction in Chishui is northerly, southeasterly in summer and northerly in winter. The extreme wind speed can reach 27 m / s and the wind force is 10. The average wind speed is 1.6 m / s. The gales above grade 8 often occur from March to September, with the most in July and August.

geology

Chishui is close to the northern foot of Loushan mountain in northern Guizhou and the western part of Yangtze paraplatform. It belongs to Luzhou District of Sichuan depression and Sichuan Basin. It is the same sedimentary lake basin with Sichuan. The exposed strata in Guizhou are Jurassic and Cretaceous red formation, which is the best developed and most exposed area in Guizhou Province. It is located in the eastern margin of South Sichuan depression in Sichuan Basin, adjacent to Southeast Sichuan fold belt in the northeast, and the tail zone of Loushan fold belt in North Guizhou in the southeast. It belongs to Chishui fold cluster in Luzhou District of central Sichuan platform depression, with relatively new continental sedimentary rocks.

topographic features

Chishui is located in the transition zone from Guizhou Plateau to Sichuan Basin, with undulating terrain, high in Southeast and low in Northwest. The tail of Loushan mountain ranges extends into the city along three ridges from southeast to northwest. The terrain is high in the southeast and low in the northwest. Chishui River and Xishui river run through the territory from southeast to northwest. Datong River, Fengxi River and other rivers crisscross the territory. The landform is eroded and cut into gorge mountain, flat low mountain and hill, which makes the anticline layer and syncline layer upside down and forms the reverse structure topography of syncline mountain and anticline Valley.

According to the degree of fold undulation, from the southeast to the northwest, it gradually descends to the middle mountain, the low mountain and the hill. The altitude is mostly between 130 and 1200 meters. The highest is huluping 1720.1 meters in Hushi Town, and the lowest is Mudan dam 216 meters in Xishui River exit in Baiyun Township, with a relative elevation difference of 1514.1 meters. In the south of the city, there are steep mountains and steep slopes, and the river is strongly cut, with a depth of 500-1000 meters. The "V" shaped gorge is formed mainly by Pingdingshan mountain and one-sided mountain. The river drop is large, and the mountains in the southeast overlap, and the gorge is deep. There are Erlangba and QILIBA in the middle. Northwest River Valley is open and gentle, with rolling hills, mostly round hills or river terraces.

hydrology

The rivers in Chishui are long

Chinese PinYin : Gui Zhou Sheng Zun Yi Shi Chi Shui Shi