Muli Tibetan Autonomous County, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province

Muli Tibetan Autonomous County Muli Tibetan Autonomous County is subordinate to Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province. It is located on the southwest edge of Sichuan Province, crossing Yalong River in the East, Gongga Mountain in the west, Jinsha River in the South and Ganzi Prefecture in the north, covering an area of 13000 square kilometers. The average altitude of the county is 3100 meters, and the relative elevation difference is 4488 meters. Muli County is one of the only two Tibetan autonomous counties in China, which is mainly composed of Tibetan, including Yi, Han, Mongolian, Naxi and other 21 nationalities. At the end of 2016, the total population of the county was 139924.

There is an important water conservation forest in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in Muli, which is one of the few original forest areas in China. With its unique natural landscape and cultural customs, Muli has a high tourism grade and great potential for developing eco-tourism and leisure tourism. Muli has been known as the "golden Kingdom" since ancient times. It has proven certain reserves of iron ore, copper ore and gold ore, and has started to develop reserves The 22 ton soluogou gold mine has gradually become one of the pillar industries.

In 2016, the county's GDP reached 2973.9 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 5.9%, and the total investment in fixed assets reached 7141.99 million yuan.

On September 25, 2018, it won the honorary title of "2018 e-commerce into rural comprehensive demonstration county" of the Ministry of Commerce.

On February 18, 2020, withdraw from poverty-stricken counties.

Historical evolution

In the early Han Dynasty, later Han Dynasty, Shu Han Dynasty, Jin Dynasty, southern and Northern Dynasties, Song Dynasty and Ming Dynasty, Dingzuo County belonged to Yueyi county. In the Southern Dynasties of Qi and Hou Zhou (479-568 AD), Dingzuo was under the jurisdiction of Liao Prefecture and Yanzhou Prefecture. In the sixth year of kaihuang of Sui Dynasty (586-618 A.D.), Dazuo County belonged to Yizhou (now Yuexi). From the second year of Wude, Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty, to the second year of Zhenyuan, Emperor Dezong (619-786 A.D.), Muli fell into the influence of Tufan twice. During this period, it was changed into Kunming county and Xiangcheng County, which belonged to Yizhou.
From the sixth year of Xiantong (865) of Yizong of Tang Dynasty to the eighth year of Jiading (1215) of ningzong of Song Dynasty, Nanzhao sent troops to the north, conquered Yizhou and Lizhou, changed Yizhou into Jianchang Prefecture, and changed Kunming County into Xiangcheng County. In 1216-1276, Jianchang Prefecture was occupied by Dali Duan family, and Xiangcheng Prefecture was changed to Hetoudian.
From 1216 A.D. to 1277 A.D., Emperor ningzong of the Song Dynasty established a salt well to manage thousands of households. In 1278, it was established as Jinzhou, subordinate to Deping road. In 1290-1368, it was reduced to Jin county (named after the gold in the territory).
Ming Taizu abolished the road, government, state and county of Yuan Dynasty and set up jianchangwei (now Xichang), yanjingwei (now Yanyuan) and yueweiwei (now Yuexi). "In 1392, Yanjing Wei was changed to Baixing Qianhu, which was subordinate to Jianchang Wei. In 1394, the military and civilian commanding Department of Yanjing was set up, which belonged to the Department of Xingdu in Sichuan, but Jinxian was abolished. "
In the early Qing Dynasty, according to the Ming system, the commander of Wei was changed to "garrison", which was under the jurisdiction of the general of Jianchang. Yongzheng six years (1728) strike Wei, changed to Yanyuan County, under the jurisdiction of Ningyuan Prefecture, Sichuan Province.
In the early period of the Republic of China, the government was abolished and the county was preserved. "Twenty four years (1935) set up 18 administrative inspector's office, which belongs to the county." In 1939, Ningxia was under the jurisdiction of Xikang Province, and Yanyuan County was under the jurisdiction of Xikang province.
After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Muli still belongs to Yanyuan County. On July 10, 1952, the Government Affairs Council of the Central People's Government approved the establishment of the Preparatory Committee of Muli Tibetan Autonomous Region (county level). On February 19, 1953, Muli Tibetan Autonomous Region (county level) was officially established. In May 1955, it was changed into Muli Tibetan Autonomous County. On December 13, 1955, Xikang province was abolished and Muli was under the jurisdiction of Xichang special region of Sichuan Province. in October 1978, Xichang Prefecture was abolished and incorporated into Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture. Muli County is under the jurisdiction of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province.

administrative division

Division evolution

On February 19, 1953, Muli Tibetan Autonomous Region (county level) was established. In April, the whole territory was divided into three districts. In September 1953, 19 townships were set up in the county. In 1957, baiwujiao village in the second district (bowa District) and Dazui village in the first district (Wachang District) were put under the jurisdiction of Yanyuan County. In 1958, the whole county began to realize "people's communization", and each township in the county was renamed "people's commune". In 1966, Housuo Township under the jurisdiction of Yanyuan County was put under the jurisdiction of Muli District II. After two phases of reconstruction and addition of some communes, by 1972, the county had jurisdiction over three districts and 29 people's communes. in 1981, the county carried out a general survey of place names and standardized the naming of districts and communes in the county. In 1983, the township system was restored in the county. in November 1984, Russian Ya township was transformed into Naxi township; Wujiao Township and Xiangjiao Township were transformed into Mongolian township; baidiao Township and guzeng Township were transformed into Miao township. In December 1984, the provincial government approved the establishment of qiowa town. The county governs 3 districts, 1 town and 29 townships (including 5 ethnic townships). On November 12, 1992, according to the spirit of withdrawing districts, merging townships and building towns, the county government abolished the organizational system of Boao Township, and the former administrative region of Boao township was transformed into the organizational system of qiaowa town. in 2006, the county governs 3 districts, 1 town, 28 townships (including 5 ethnic townships) and 9 ranches equivalent to township level.

Zoning details

In 2006, Muli Tibetan Autonomous County has jurisdiction over 3 districts, 1 town, 28 townships and 9 pastures.

geographical environment

Location context

Muli Tibetan Autonomous County is located in the southwest edge of Sichuan Province, in the northwest of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture. Its geographical coordinates are 100 ° 03 ′～ 101 ° 40 ′ E and 27 ° 40 ′～ 29 ° 10 ′ n. The county borders Mianning County and Yanyuan County in the southeast with an administrative boundary of 217.75 km; Daocheng County, Litang County, Yajiang County, Kangding city and Jiulong County in Ganzi Prefecture in the Northwest with an administrative boundary of 520.7 km; Shangri La City, Yulong Naxi Autonomous County and Ninglang Yi Autonomous County in Yunnan Province in the southwest with an administrative boundary of 134.81 km. It crosses Yalong River in the East, Gongga Mountain in the west, Jinsha River in the South and Ganzi Prefecture in the north. It is about 160 km wide from east to west and 170 km long from north to south. Qiaowa Town, the seat of the county government, is 254 kilometers away from Xichang, the capital of Liangshan Prefecture. topography

The territory is located in the southeastern edge of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Hengduan Mountain terminal. It is the transition zone between Yunnan Guizhou Plateau and Qinghai Tibet Plateau. Due to the deep river, the relative height difference between mountains and valleys is very large. The northern part of Muli Tibetan Autonomous County is below 2000 meters, and the central and southern parts are deeply incised, mostly above 2000 meters. At the junction of Daocheng and the western part of the country, the peak of chalangduoji is 5958 meters high. The lowest point of Sanjiangkou is 1530 meters above sea level, with a relative height difference of 4428 meters. There are three major landforms in the county, namely, the original mountain landforms in the northwest, the deep cut mountain landforms in the southeast and the deep cut mountain landforms in the southwest. The whole terrain of Muli County inclines to the south. The main rivers flow into Jinsha River from north to south along the fault, and alternate with four north-south mountains, forming the main landform of Muli Tibetan Autonomous County. It is a typical landform of high mountains, mountain plains and canyons.

climate

The climate in Muli Tibetan Autonomous County is characterized by alternating cold and hot seasons, distinct dry and wet seasons, small annual temperature difference, large daily temperature difference, strong radiation, and no four seasons. The annual average temperature is 14.0 ℃, the average temperature in January is 7.5 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is - 5.4 ℃ (January 18, 2011); the average temperature in July is 18.9 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 33.6 ℃ (May 21, 2012), the minimum monthly average temperature is 7.4 ℃, the maximum monthly average temperature is 19.0 ℃, the average annual temperature range is 39.0 ℃, and the maximum daily temperature range is 23.3 ℃ (April 8, 2010). The average annual growth period is 271 days, the average annual frost free period is 238 days, the longest is 271 days, the shortest is 206 days. The annual average sunshine hours are 2164.9 hours. The duration above 0 ℃ was 272.7 days.

natural resources

water resource

The natural runoff in the territory is 5.813 billion cubic meters, 58150 cubic meters per capita. The annual average depth of natural runoff is 439mm, and the annual average precipitation is 12481 million cubic meters (9421mm). The water area is 97500 mu, accounting for 0.50% of the whole territory, including 88500 mu of rivers and 90000 mu of lakes.

land resource

Muli Tibetan Autonomous County covers an area of 13246.38 square kilometers, with a standard area of 13248.55 square kilometers, or 1.8729 million mu. There are 11.745 million mu of forest land, including 6.831 million mu of forest area, 397100 mu of sparse forest area, 40.0616 million mu of shrubbery area, 5800 mu of unforested forest land, 35.07% of slash land, 0900 mu of nursery and 97600 mu of suitable forest land.

mineral resources

The main minerals in Muli Tibetan Autonomous County are nickel, copper cobalt, limonite, lead-zinc, rock gold, copper, placer gold, thorium, siderite, manganese, polymetallic, lead, hematite, ferromanganese, lead silver, silver and tribute. The non-metallic minerals are crystal, gypsum, Glauber's salt, alkali, hot spring, quartz sandstone, shale, Iceland spar, limestone, coal mine and stone Cotton, pyrite, bittern, construction sand, silica ore, river, gravel 16 kinds. On the 12th day of discovery

Chinese PinYin : Si Chuan Sheng Liang Shan Yi Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Mu Li Cang Zu Zi Zhi Xian