Gonghe County, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province

Gonghe County Gonghe County is one of the five counties in Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province. It is a county with large population, vast territory and large proportion of animal husbandry economy in Qinghai Tibetan area. It plays an important role in the economic and social development layout of Qinghai Tibetan area. Located in the northeast of Qinghai Province, it is the east gate of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, known as the "throat of Qinghai Tibet". It is adjacent to Qinghai Lake in the north, the "Mother River" - the Yellow River in the south, the Riyue mountain in the East and the eastern agricultural area in the East, and the Qingnan Tibetan area in Qinghai in the West. Gonghe County governs 11 townships, 99 administrative villages and 14 community neighborhood committees, with a total area of 17252.27 square kilometers. As of 2012, the total population is more than 134000. There are 22 ethnic minorities, including Tibetan, Han, Hui, Salar and Mongolian. Among them, ethnic minorities account for 70% of the total population of Gonghe County, with 18.7616 million mu of available grassland and 457600 mu of cultivated land. The average altitude of Gonghe County is 3200 meters. In April 2020, Gonghe County will withdraw from the poverty-stricken county sequence.

In November 2017, Gonghe County was awarded the national advanced city (District) for ideological and moral construction of minors.

On September 27, 2019, it will be awarded the title of national model collective of national unity and progress.

Evolution of organizational system

Gonghe County has a long history. According to the unearthed cultural relics, as early as the Paleolithic age, human beings had been living here. During the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, the Qiang tribes lived a nomadic life with the Qinghai Lake as the center. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang was in power and used money and property to lure Qiang people to offer the land of Xihai (now Qinghai Lake). In the fourth year of the first reign of emperor Ping of the Han Dynasty (AD 4), Xihai county was set up in the Han Dynasty to govern longyi, also known as Longqi (now the triangle city site of Haiyan County), which governs today's Gonghe County. In the 23rd year of xinmangdihuang, Wang Mang's regime collapsed, Xihai county was abolished, and the Republic returned to Qiang people. in the first year of Long'an in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (397), the Yifu tribe of Xianbei moved to the shore of Qinghai Lake, called Yifu Wudi, and Gonghe was its jurisdiction. In the 10th year of Yixi reign (414), Yifu tribe submitted to the Western Qin Dynasty, and most of the Republic of China belonged to the Western Qin Dynasty. In the southern and Northern Dynasties, in the sixth year of Yuanjia, Emperor Wen of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the second year of Shenjia of the Northern Wei Dynasty (429), Tuguhun came to the area around the lake. Yifu Xianbei came down to Tuguhun, and Gonghe became the land of Tuguhun. In the sixth year of Liang Datong and the sixth year of Western Wei Datong (540), King Tuyuhun praised LV Jiandu in Fucheng (today's tiebujialan ancient city in Gonghe shinaihai township). In 609, Sui Yangdi defeated Tuyuhun and established Heyuan county and Xihai county. The southern part of the Republic of China now belongs to Yuanhua County of Heyuan County, which governs Mantou city. It is located in the area of tanggemu farm to the east of qieji county. The northern part of the Republic of China belongs to Xuande County of Xihai County, which governs Fucheng city. In the tenth year of Zhenguan reign of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty (636), the Tang army defeated Tuyuhun and made nuohobo, Murong, king of Heyuan. From then on, the kingdom of Tuyuhun, centered around Hainan, including Gonghe, became a vassal of the Tang Empire. In the first year of Xianheng (670), Tang general Xue Rengui and his army failed to fight back against the northern invasion of Tubo. Tuyuhun was subjugated, and the whole territory of the Republic fell into Tubo. In the 13th year of Tianbao (754), Gao Shuhan, the governor of Longyou in Tang Dynasty, captured the areas along the Yellow River in the southeast of the Republic of China. He set up the Jin Tianjun at the west entrance of Longyang Gorge, and soon fell back into Tubo. In Song Dynasty, Gonghe area was under the jurisdiction of hesiluo regime of Hehuang Tubo. It was once under the jurisdiction of Jishi army of Song Dynasty. in Yuan Dynasty, most areas of the Republic were the recruiting department of Tubo and other places, and the prefecture of guide. in the Ming Dynasty, the southern part of the Republic belonged to biliwei (zhiguide), and the northern part belonged to Xihai Mongolia. in the Qing Dynasty, the Republic area was under the jurisdiction of Xining ministers. In the third year of Yongzheng (1725), Qinghai Mongolia was designated as 29 banners, the western part of Gonghe was the herding land of Heshuote xihou banner, the central and western part was the herding land of nanyoumo banner, and the eastern part was the herding land of huite Nanqi banner. from 1914 to 1928, the Republic was under the jurisdiction of the Mengfan mission. on July 11, 1929, Gonghe County was established in Qugou, which means "five nationalities Republic". That is to say, shangguomi and xiaguomi of Xining county and chabuqia of Huangyuan county are under the jurisdiction of Gonghe County. On September 27, 1949, the people's Government of Gonghe County was established, directly under the people's Government of Qinghai Province. After the establishment of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Region in 1953, it was subordinate to the autonomous region. In 1955, the autonomous region was changed into an autonomous prefecture, and Gonghe County was one of the five counties under the prefecture. in April 2020, Gonghe County will withdraw from the poverty-stricken county sequence.

administrative division

Division evolution

In 2000, Gonghe County governed 1 town and 12 townships. Among them, each township: qiabqia Town, qiabqia Township, niandi Township, Shazhuyu Township, yingde'er Township, Tiegai Township, Qugou Township, Dongba Township, Daotanghe Township, jiangxigou Township, Heimahe Township, shinaihai Township, qieji Township, Longyangxia virtual town, tanggemu farm virtual township. on January 9, 2001, the people's Government of Qinghai province gave an official reply: chabuqia Township in Gonghe County was abolished and merged into chabuqia town; Daotanghe township was abolished and Daotanghe town was established. By the end of 2001, the county had jurisdiction over 2 towns, 10 townships, 7 neighborhood committees and 91 Village (animal husbandry) committees. By the end of 2001, Gonghe County had jurisdiction over 2 towns, 10 townships, 7 neighborhood committees and 91 Village (animal husbandry) committees. on April 25, 2002, the people's Government of Qinghai Province approved to abolish the Longyangxia Administrative Committee and establish Longyangxia town; to abolish Qugou Township and merge it into Longyangxia town. By the end of 2003, Gonghe County had jurisdiction over 3 towns, 9 townships, 10 neighborhood committees and 93 Village (animal husbandry) committees. The population is 122845. In 2005, Gonghe County had jurisdiction over three towns and nine townships: qiabuqia Town, Daotanghe Town, Longyangxia Town, shigahai Township, Shazhuyu Township, yingde'er Township, Tiegai Township, niandi Township, Dongba Township, jiangxigou Township, Heimahe Township and qieji township. in August 2006, Gonghe County abolished yingde'er Township and established tanggemu town. The town government moved to tanggemu, where the former tanggemu farm was located, to implement the village management system. Dongba township was abolished and merged into qiabuqia town.

Zoning details

In 2009, Gonghe County governs 4 towns and 7 townships: qiabuqia Town, Daotanghe Town, Longyangxia Town, tanggemu Town, shinaihai Township, Shazhuyu Township, Tiegai Township, niandi Township, jiangxigou Township, Heimahe Township and qieji township. geographical environment

Location context

Gonghe County is located in the northeast edge of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, is the east gate of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, known as the "throat of Qinghai Tibet", is located in the south of the famous Qinghai Lake. Its geographical coordinates are 99-101.5 ° E and 35.5-37.2 ° n. in the north is Riyueshan uplift belt and Qinghai Lake Basin. In the middle is Qinghai Nanshan and Gonghe basin. In the south is ELA mountain and Yellow River Valley.

Geology and geomorphology

The terrain of Gonghe County is mainly plateau mountainous area with an average altitude of 3200 meters. The highest peak is the kelonggang in the ELA mountains, with an altitude of 5290 meters, and the lowest is the Longyang Gorge in the Yellow River Valley, with an altitude of 2460 meters.

climate

Gonghe County has a plateau continental climate with drought and less rain, warm and cool climate, sufficient sunshine, large temperature difference between day and night, average annual temperature of 4.1 ℃, and average annual precipitation of 250-450 mm.

hydrology

Gonghe County has the Daotang River and the Yellow River, and the Yellow River flows 90 kilometers in the county. Qinghai Lake to the north.

natural resources

climatic resources

Gonghe County is rich in light energy resources due to its high altitude, thin air, dry and cloudy, clean air, brilliant sunshine and sufficient sunshine. According to the measurement, the percentage of sunshine in Gonghe County is as high as 61-69%, the solar direct radiation is very strong, the annual average solar radiation is 6564.26 MJ / m2, and the annual average sunshine hours are 2907.8 hours; the available time frequency of wind energy is more than 60%, and the annual hours are more than 5000 hours, which is one of the main areas of available wind energy in Qinghai Province. One third of the total area of Gonghe County (Daotanghe, taratan, qiejitan, etc.) can develop and utilize solar energy and wind energy resources.

water resource

The total water resources of Gonghe County is 631 million cubic meters, including 360.3 million cubic meters of surface water resources and 270.2 million cubic meters of groundwater resources.

Water resources

There is Longyangxia Hydropower Station in Gonghe County, with a total installed capacity of 1.28 million kilowatts and an annual generating capacity of 6 billion kilowatts. The reservoir area is 380 square kilometers, with favorable conditions for the development of fishery, such as suitable water temperature, good water quality and stable lake water.

mineral resources

As of 2012, the main minerals proved in Gonghe County include copper, lead, zinc, scheelite, antimony, gold, silver, mercury and 20 minerals such as marble, granite, limestone and dolomite. It is proved that the copper and nickel reserves of Daotanghe yulonggou copper and nickel mine are 46.99 million tons and 48.55 million tons respectively; the granite mine of qieji Township Wahonghe mining area is 5.37 million cubic meters; the marble mine of Gouhou is 100 million cubic meters in reserves, with various colors and rich reserves, especially the white marble is known as "white marble", with large reserves, easy development, high value, rich calcium content and high comprehensive utilization value; the red flower is rich in mineral resources Gangyan is known as "plateau red", which is comparable to "sunset red" and "Princess red" produced in China.

Biological resources

The rare animals in Gonghe County are mainly distributed in the mountainous area of ELA, Nanshan and wahong mountain in Qinghai Province, mainly including red deer, musk deer, lynx, alpine snow pheasant, among which alpine snow pheasant is listed as three types of protected animals by the state. The natural Chinese herbal medicine resources in Gonghe County are rich, and the main varieties are: dongchongxiacao, liquorice, rhubarb, Xuelian, angelica, notopterygium, ephedra, Shashen, Fritillaria, medlar, Qinling There are more than 200 species of Gentiana macrophylla, dangshen, etc.

Population nationality

As of 2012, the total population of Gonghe County is more than 134000, including 22 ethnic minorities, including Tibetan, Han, Hui, salar, Mongolian, etc

Chinese PinYin : Qing Hai Sheng Hai Nan Cang Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Gong He Xian