Maigaiti County, Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Maigaiti county is located in the southwest of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the west of Tarim Basin, the north foot of Karakorum mountain, the lower reaches of Yeerqiang River and tiznafu river. It is connected with Taklimakan Desert in the East, Pishan in the southeast, Shache and Yecheng counties in the south, yuepuhu County in the west, Bachu County in the north and Awati County in the northeast. The county has a total area of 11022.53 square kilometers and a total population of 260000 (2012). There are Uygur, Han, Hui, Uzbek and other nationalities. It has jurisdiction over 1 town and 9 townships: Maigaiti Town, bazajiemi Township, xiyitidun Township, yangtak Township, tumantale Township, gazikule Township, Kizil Awati Township, kumukusar Township, angtelek Township and Korma township. County Territory: Wuyi forest farm, Populus euphratica forest farm, horticultural farm, corps 45, corps 46, Xinjiang Corps Agricultural third division Qianjin reservoir management office. The county government is located in Maigaiti Town, 1410 kilometers away from Urumqi.

On September 25, 2018, it won the honorary title of "2018 e-commerce into rural comprehensive demonstration county" of the Ministry of Commerce. On January 24, 2020, the people's Government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region agreed to withdraw Maigaiti county from the poverty-stricken county sequence.

Historical evolution

It is said that migeti, the leader of the ancient "Duolang" tribe, led the nomads to settle here, so he called it the place name in the name of the leader, and then changed to megeti. Second, there were many nomadic tribes living in today's Bachu area long ago. Due to the erosion of the desert, people from the center of the market town were forced to move here, so it was called "maiergaizi", which means people who moved from the center, and then gradually evolved into maigeti. during the reign of Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty, it was one of the eight villages in Bachu Prefecture, which was called Maigaiti village. In August 1928, Maigaiti county was established from Bachu county. Before its establishment, it was an important town in the southwest of Bachu county. It belongs to Kashgar administrative region. In 1943, it was under the jurisdiction of Shache inspector's office. In 1956, Shache special office was abolished, and Maigaiti county was under the jurisdiction of Kashgar special office (Executive Office).

administrative division

By 2007, Maigaiti county had jurisdiction over one town and nine townships: Maigaiti Town, bazajiemi Township, xiyitidun Township, yangtak Township, tumantale Township, gazikule Township, Kizil Awati Township, kumukusar Township, angletlek Township and Korma township.

geographical environment

Location context

Maigaiti county is located in the east of Kashgar and the southwest edge of Taklimakan Desert. It is located between 77 ° 28 ′ - 79 ° 05 ′ E and 38 ° 25 ′ - 39 ° 22 ′ n. It is adjacent to Yecheng County in the south, Shache County in the West and Bachu County across Yeerqiang River in the north. It is adjacent to Taklimakan Desert in the East and connected with Pishan County in Hotan area. It is 136 kilometers wide from north to South and 160 kilometers long from east to west, with a total area of 11023 square kilometers.

landforms

Maigaiti county belongs to the alluvial fan-shaped oasis plain of Yeerqiang River and Tizinafu river. The terrain is flat. The general terrain is inclined from southwest to northeast, and the general ground slope is 1 / 2500 ~ 1 / 3500. Near the edge of the desert, the terrain is uneven, wasteland and sand dunes crisscross. In the irrigation area, there is little difference in topography, and the slope is gentle.

climate

Maigaiti county is located at the edge of the desert, the continental climate is very obvious, rich in heat, sufficient sunshine, large temperature difference between day and night, little precipitation, strong evaporation, hot summer, cold winter, windy and sandy spring, good autumn weather. The annual average temperature is 11.8 ° C, the extreme maximum temperature is 42.1 ° C, and the extreme minimum temperature is - 22.4 ° C. The average annual precipitation is 42.3 mm and the average evaporation is 2349 mm. The annual average sunshine is 2806.3 hours, the frost free period is 217 days, and the annual average wind speed is 1.9 m / s.

soil

In Maigaiti County, the soil layer is deep, mostly sandy loam, with heavy secondary salinization. The fertility is less organic matter, less nitrogen, less phosphorus and more potassium.

natural resources

land resource

Maigaiti county is rich in land resources, with 736000 mu of gross cultivated land and 609000 mu of net cultivated land. In 1990, the actual cultivated land area was 530000 mu, and the average agricultural population occupied 4.5 mu of cultivated land, with an average of 14.1 mu of cultivated land.

Water resources

There are two rivers in the county, with water diversion of 800 million cubic meters. One is Yeerqiang River, which flows through the county for 180 kilometers, with water diversion accounting for 52%; the other is tiznafu River, which flows through the county for 56 kilometers, with water diversion accounting for 47.2%. There are 21 main water diversion canals with a total flow of 202 m3 / s and an irrigation area of 777900 mu. There are seven small and medium-sized reservoirs in Maigaiti County, with an annual water storage capacity of 76 million cubic meters. There are 414 organic wells and 18 pumping stations in Maigaiti county. The utilization of groundwater is about 100 million cubic meters.

Biological resources

Grain crops include corn, rice, sorghum, soybean, etc.; cash crops include cotton, fennel, peanut, sunflower, safflower, tobacco, etc. The county has the largest proportion of cotton planting in the autonomous region, and is one of the cotton base counties in Kashgar. There are 133 varieties of vegetables and 123 varieties of fruits. Medicinal resources include Dayun, medlar, licorice, Plantago, etc. Livestock include cattle, horses, donkeys, mules, camels, pigs, etc. Wild animals include wild boar, yellow sheep, fox, snake, hare, pheasant, hedgehog, etc.

Population nationality

Population the total population of Maigaiti county is 67559 in 1953, 87390 in 1964, 145559 in 1982 and 168231 in 1990. In 1990, the total population of Maigaiti county was 86105 males and 82126 females, 140513 agricultural population, 26980 non-agricultural population and 738 other population, 20216 urban population and 148015 rural population. as of 2004, the total population was 240000. nationalities < br > in 1990, there were 22 nationalities in Maigaiti County, including 143115 Uygur, 24541 Han, 460 Hui, 25 Uzbek and 90 other nationalities.

Economic overview

primary industry

Since 1950, rural areas have undergone social changes such as land reform, cooperation, people's Commune and production responsibility contract responsibility system. Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline and fishery industries have developed in an all-round way, and farmers' income level is relatively high. In 1990, the total agricultural output value was 290.6573 million yuan (constant price 181.025 million yuan), the total grain output was 73.750 tons, the total cotton output was 20.260 tons, the livestock stock was 385 thousand at the end of the year, the fishing was 107 tons, the cocoon output was 29.6 tons, and the agricultural net income of Maigaiti county was 128.62 million yuan. The county has achieved remarkable results in farmland capital construction, with strip farmland, shelterbelt net, canal system supporting, and the first rural "five good" construction experience. The level of agricultural mechanization is relatively high, with 90% of the cultivated land occupied by machine ploughing and 83% by machine sowing.

the secondary industry

Industrial enterprises include agricultural machinery repair, grain, oil and cotton processing, automobile repair, electric power, printing, etc. In 1990, the total output value of Maigaiti county was 41.4566 million yuan (constant price 19.4148 million yuan). In the whole year, 2.23 million kwh of power generation, 3516 tons of flour, 804.9 tons of vegetable oil and 4869 tons of ginning were generated. The fixed asset investment in Maigaiti county was 5.47 million yuan. The total amount of post and telecommunications services is 187063 yuan.

the service sector; the tertiary industry

In 1990, the total retail sales of social commodities was 57.68 million yuan. At the end of the year, the total number of employees in Maigaiti county was 4904, and the total annual wage was 10.3547 million yuan. The per capita income of farmers and herdsmen is 428.51 yuan, and the balance of urban and rural savings is 30.38 million yuan at the end of the year. 2253 poor households in Maigaiti county have been lifted out of poverty, the income of insurance premium is 300000 yuan, and the compensation is 99000 yuan.

social undertakings

education

In 1990, there were 8 senior professional and technical personnel and 208 intermediate level personnel in Maigaiti County; there were 10 middle schools (9 ethnic minorities) and 2440 students (2261 ethnic minorities); there was 1 technical secondary school with 252 students, 87 primary schools (86 ethnic minorities) and 12813 students (12469 ethnic minorities). The annual investment in education infrastructure was 1.7 million yuan.

public health

Maigaiti county has 11 medical and health institutions, 285 beds and 218 professional health technicians.

Sports

The primary and secondary schools in Maigaiti county have 4 regular track and field fields, 28 basketball fields and 4 football fields. In 1982, the County Sports Committee held the first staff track and field games.

Cultural undertakings

Nine townships in Maigaiti county have established cultural activity stations and 78 cultural and sports activity rooms. Maigaiti county's peasant paintings and "Daolang maixilaifu" are well-known both inside and outside Xinjiang.

ethnic customs

Daolang people living in Maigaiti County in the middle and lower reaches of Yeerqiang River are descendants of Mongolian Muslims in history. Their obsession with music and dance is hard for outsiders to understand. Sometimes, when a sound of music comes, the farmers in the field immediately put down their tools, and the passers-by on the road take off their coats and girdles, and then they dance in ecstasy. Maixire Fu is a form of dance and entertainment activities, which refers to the large-scale self entertainment activities with a large number of participants (the so-called participation refers to all the participants without audience), mainly singing and dancing. Maixire Fu can be divided into singing and dancing maixire Fu, game maixire Fu and rap maixire Fu. It can also be divided into living room maixire Fu, welcome maixire Fu and harvest maixire Fu. The most common is harvest maixire Fu. All over the world, there are their own Macy's, and the style is similar, but only Macy's from Daolang people