Chaonan District, Shantou City, Guangdong Province

Chaonan District, under the jurisdiction of Shantou City, Guangdong Province, is located in the southwest of Shantou City, adjacent to Nanhai in the East, Puning in the west, Huilai in the South and Chaoyang District in the north. By 2018, Chaonan district has jurisdiction over one street and 10 towns, with a total area of 596.42 square kilometers and a total population of 1.48 million.

Chaonan district is rich in natural resources, close to mountains and sea. The mountainous area of Chaonan district is 382300 mu, accounting for 40.28% of the total mountainous area of Shantou City, and the cultivated area is 208200 mu, accounting for 29% of the total cultivated area of Shantou City. The coastline is 14.7 km long and the sea area is more than 4000 square kilometers.

Chaonan district has a profound cultural heritage. The Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties belong to Baiyue, while the Xia and Shang dynasties belong to Haiyang state (nan'ou state). Since the Qin Dynasty, it was Chaoshan area in Guangdong Province. From the Qin Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms, it belonged to Jieyang County, Nanhai county. From Jin Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, it belonged to Yian County, Chaozhou Prefecture and Chaoyang County. In 2003, Chaoyang City was abolished at the county level and divided into Chaoyang District and Chaonan district. There are a large number of overseas Chinese, which is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese in Guangdong Province.

In 2018, the GDP of Chaonan district was 42.779 billion yuan, of which the added value of the primary industry was 2.148 billion yuan, the added value of the secondary industry was 26.082 billion yuan, and the added value of the tertiary industry was 14.549 billion yuan.

Historical evolution

Chaonan district is located in Chaoyang City (county-level) of Shantou City. It has a long history of human civilization and has left a footprint of human civilization eight thousand years ago. Through expert identification, we collected prehistoric antiquities, and traced the prehistoric culture of Chaonan to 8000 years ago. According to the unearthed cultural relics, Chaonan has a history of more than 10000 years of human life and 5000 or 6000 years of civilization. In the Paleolithic age, human beings lived and multiplied in Chaonan. In the Neolithic age, the civilization of Chaonan was synchronized with that of the Central Plains.

Chaonan district belongs to Baiyue in Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, and Haiyang state (Nan Ou state) in Xia and Shang Dynasties.

From the Qin Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms, it belonged to Jieyang County, Nanhai county. Since the Qin Dynasty, it was Chaoshan area in Guangdong Province. The earliest predecessor of Chaoshan was Jieyang County, which was subordinate to Nanhai county. Jieyang County, as a county system, began in the 33rd year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (214 BC). Jieyang County of Nanhai county includes Jieyang City, Chaozhou City, Shantou City, Shanwei City, most of Meizhou city and southern Zhangzhou city. When Zhao Tuo became king in the late Qin Dynasty, he belonged to Jieyang County of Nanyue state, and in the early Western Han Dynasty, he belonged to Nanhai state. Nanhai County belonged to Jingzhou in Jian'an period, and Guangzhou in the late Three Kingdoms period.

From Jin Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, it belonged to Yian County, Chaozhou Prefecture and Chaoyang County.

In 331, Nanhai county was established as Dongguan county. Jieyang county was divided into Haiyang, Chaoyang, sui'an and Haining counties, which were merged into Dongguan county. Chaonan belongs to Chaoyang County. In the ninth year of Yixi (413) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Yian county was set up in Dongguan county. In the Qin and Han Dynasties, Yian county was set up in Jieyang County, which governs Haiyang county (in today's Chaozhou City). Yizhao county was set up in the north of Haiyang county. Yian County governs Haiyang, Chaoyang, Haining (three counties are equivalent to today's Chaoshan area), sui'an and Yizhao. Chaonan belongs to Chaoyang County of Yian county.

In the Southern Dynasties and the Southern Qi Dynasty, Chengxiang county was set up in the north of Haiyang County in Yi'an county (the beginning of the establishment of Meixian County). Chengxiang county now covers Meixian County, Jiaoling County, Pingyuan county and Fengshun County. Yian County governs Haiyang County, Chaoyang County, Haining County, sui'an County, Yizhao county and Chengxiang county. Chaonan belongs to Chaoyang County in Yi'an county.

In 591, the original Yi'an county was located in Chaozhou. Chaozhou was under the jurisdiction of Haiyang, Chaoyang, Haining, sui'an, Yizhao and Chengxiang. Chaonan was Chaoyang County.

In the Tang Dynasty, Chaozhou had jurisdiction over Haiyang, Chaoyang and Chengxiang counties. Today, the territory of Chaozhou is Shantou, Chaozhou, Jieyang, Shanwei and most of Meizhou. Chaonan is still Chaozhou and Chaoyang County.

The period of Five Dynasties and ten States belongs to the Southern Han Dynasty.

In the Song Dynasty, Chaozhou still belonged to Chaoyang County, Chaozhou. In 1121, Haiyang County of Chaozhou was restored to Jieyang county. In the Song Dynasty, Chaozhou governed four counties, namely Haiyang, Chaoyang, Jieyang and Chengxiang. Haiyang, Chaoyang and Jieyang were three counties, which were known as "Three Yang" in history.

In the Yuan Dynasty, it was renamed Chaozhou road. Chaozhou road governed four counties of Haiyang, Chaoyang, Jieyang and Chengxiang, and still governed "Chaozhou Sanyang".

In 1369, Chaozhou road was changed into Chaozhou government, which governed Haiyang, Chaoyang, Jieyang and Chengxiang counties, and still governed "Chaozhou Sanyang". In the Ming Dynasty, Chaozhou's prefectures and counties were expanded. In 1633, Chaozhou's Sanyang county was divided into Raoping County, Huilai County, Chenghai County, Puning county and Dapu county. Chengxiang county was divided into Pingyuan county and Zhenping county.

In 1733, Jiaying Prefecture was set up in Chengxiang, Pingyuan and Zhenping counties, and Chaozhou Prefecture had jurisdiction over eight counties. In 1738, the three counties of Haiyang, Jieyang and Dapu were merged into Fengshun County. The nine counties of Chaozhou prefecture were separated from the three counties of Chaozhou in the song and Yuan Dynasties. They are all known as "Yang". In addition, Raoping is also known as Raoyang, Chenghai as Lianyang, Puning as Hongyang, Huilai as Kuiyang, and Dapu as chayang Fengshun, also known as Xinyang, is collectively known as the nine counties of Chaozhou. Chaozhou Prefecture is now located in Shantou City, Chaozhou City, Jieyang City, Meizhou City, Fengshun County and Meizhou City, Dapu county.

At the beginning of the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Chaoyang County was directly under the governor of Guangdong Province. Three years is the cycle of the tour. It was directly under Guangdong Province in 9 years and Dongjiang administrative office in 14 years (changed to Dongjiang administrative office in 17 years of the Republic of China). In 21 years, it was under the office of appeasement Committee of the Eastern District of Guangdong Province. 25 years of Guangdong Province, the Fifth District of the office of the Commissioner of administrative supervision. In 36, the fifth administrative region was changed into the sixth administrative region, which belongs to Chaoyang County. In April, 2008, it was the seventh Office of the Guangdong Provincial Commissioner of administrative supervision.

In February 1950, Chaoyang belonged to Chaoshan District, in November 1952, it belonged to the East Guangdong Office (established in July 1951), and in December of the same year, it belonged to the East Guangdong administrative office. In March 1956, it returned to Shantou. In March 1967, it belongs to Shantou area. On July 13, 1983, the organizational system of Shantou was abolished, and the system of prefecture city merging and city leading county was implemented. Chaoyang County was subordinate to Shantou City.

On April 9, 1993, the county was withdrawn and set up as Chaoyang City at the county level.

On January 29, 2003, with the approval of the State Council, Chaoyang City at the county level was abolished and Chaoyang District and Chaonan District of Shantou City were established. The former administrative regions of Xiashan, Jingdu, Shalong, Chengtian, Tianxin, simapu, Chendian, Liangying, Xiancheng, Lugang, Hongchang and leiling are the administrative regions of Chaonan district. The District People's government is located in Xiashan town.

administrative division

By 2018, Chaonan district has jurisdiction over 1 Street (Xiashan Street), 10 towns (Jingdu Town, Longtian Town, leiling Town, Chengtian Town, Hongchang Town, Lugang Town, Liangying Town, Xiancheng Town, Chendian Town, simapu town), and the district government is stationed at Yuxia South Road, Xiashan street.

geographical environment

Location context

Chaonan district is located in the southwest of Shantou City, Guangdong Province, adjacent to Nanhai in the East, Puning in the west, Huilai County in the South and Chaoyang District in the north. The center is located at 23 ° 25 ′ 0.29 ″ N and 116 ° 43 ′ 31 e, with a total area of 596.42 square kilometers, accounting for 28.9% of the total area of Shantou City. The coastline is 14.7 kilometers, and the sea area is more than 4000 square nautical miles. The gorge mountain in the urban area is more than 30 kilometers away from Shantou City.

topographic features

Chaonan area is a Coastal Hilly plain area, the terrain inclines from southwest to northeast. The terrain is characterized by "one mountain, one river and one plain", that is to say, the southern part of the area is Danan mountain, which is the remnant of Danan mountain system. It starts from Pandai village, Hongchang Town, and extends from west to East with huge mountains and rolling peaks. Leiling mountain, the main peak, is 521 meters above sea level. In addition, it is mostly hilly and sloping land, forming a hilly and semi hilly area. In the north, it faces Chaoyang District across Lianjiang River from west to East, forming lianjiang plain. The eastern coast is banded sandy land.

hydrology

The main water systems in Chaonan are leiling River and Lianjiang River. The leiling river originates from the southern foot of leiling mountain and has three tributaries. It joins Shuangxi village of leiling town and flows into Shenquan port of Huilai County via Erdi. The total length of leiling river is 26 km and the regional flow is 9.5 km. Lianjiang River originates from the white water of yangmeiping at the southwest foot of wufengjian, Danan mountain, Puning City. It flows through Liusha town in the north, 38.8 km to Shigang village in the East, and is divided into two branches: one flows 1.5 km eastward into Chaonan district and flows to Liuxian village through Chendian town; the other flows 1 km eastward into Chaoyang District and turns southeast through Yujiao village and huiguiyu water of Guiyu Town, and joins the East branch at Liuxian village of Chendian town in Chaonan Through simapu, Tongyu, Xiashan town to Heping Bridge 37.4 km is the middle reaches, out of Heping Bridge through Guishan, into the guitouhai to Haimen port, into the South China Sea 18.3 km is the downstream. The main stream of Lianjiang River is 94.5 km long. The middle and lower reaches are 41.3 km in length, with 12 primary tributaries. They are the main arteries for irrigation, drainage and shipping on both sides of the Strait.

climate

According to the climate classification, the Chaonan region belongs to the south subtropical monsoon climate zone, with obvious marine climate. There is no severe heat in summer, no severe cold in winter, long summer and short winter, long frost free period, sufficient sunshine, abundant rainfall, and evergreen in four seasons. The annual average temperature is 21.6 ℃, and the interannual difference of the average temperature is small. The coldest month over the years is from January to February, with an average temperature of 13.8 ℃. The hottest month over the years is from July to August, with an average temperature of 28.2 ℃. The annual average precipitation is about 1700mm, and the rainy season is mainly from April to September.

The common natural disasters in Chaonan area are low temperature and rain in spring sowing period, "dragon boat water" in early rice heading and flowering period, "typhoon and rainstorm" in flood season, "cold dew wind" in late autumn and cold damage in winter.

natural resources

land resource

The cultivated land area of Chaonan is 208200 mu, 0.19 mu per capita; the mountainous area is 382300 mu, 0.35 mu per capita.

water resource

Chaonan

Chinese PinYin : Guang Dong Sheng Shan Tou Shi Chao Nan Qu