Mayang Miao Autonomous County, Huaihua City, Hunan Province

Mayang Miao Autonomous County, a county under the jurisdiction of Huaihua City, Hunan Province, is located in the west of Hunan Province and the northwest of Huaihua City. It is located in the Mayang River Basin, adjacent to Chenxi County in the East, Hecheng district and Zhijiang County in the south, Tongren City in Guizhou Province in the west, Luxi County and Fenghuang County in the north. The total area is 1561 square kilometers. The total population is about 400000 (2013). The county governs 6 towns and 17 townships, and the county government is located in Gaocun town. In 2015, after the township division of Mayang county was adjusted, it has jurisdiction over 11 townships and 7 towns.

The terrain of the whole county is slightly like Shau Kei. It is high in the south, West and North, low in the middle and inclined to the East. In the territory of overlapping peaks, streams and rivers. There are copper, lead, iron, zinc, stone coal, limestone and so on. Rice is the main crop, and citrus, sun cured tobacco, peanut, tung oil, tea oil, watermelon, soybean, kiwi fruit and so on are produced. Jiaozhou Liuzhou railway, national highway 209 and provincial highway 308 pass through the territory.

The Miao people in Mayang have unique customs. It is the place where the Panhu culture remains the most in kind and the intangible culture is the most abundant. The Panhu culture folk village in Mayang is named "Panhu culture research base" by Hunan Miao society. Mayang is known as "the hometown of Chinese rock sugar orange", "the hometown of Chinese longevity" and "the hometown of Chinese folk culture and art". In 2017, the county's GDP reached 7.797 billion yuan.

On September 25, 2018, it won the honorary title of "2018 e-commerce into rural comprehensive demonstration county" of the Ministry of Commerce. On February 29, 2020, the people's Government of Hunan Province approved Mayang Miao Autonomous County to withdraw from poverty-stricken counties. On January 29, 2021, it was selected into the list of areas that have achieved remarkable results in the year of 2020 announced by the people's Government of Hunan Province (the "three noes" in the province's petition work have been created to meet the standard of counties and cities).

Evolution of organizational system

Mayang (Miao: Zhes gheul, meaning Shanzhai) was named after Xu. In the third year of Chen Tianjia's reign in the Southern Dynasty (562), the imperial court leveled down the "barbarians" and suppressed the ethnic minorities. It stationed troops in Makou (the intersection of Taiping River and Jinjiang River, 23.5 kilometers east of Gaocun Village). Makou, commonly known as Matan, is also named mayangxu because it is located in the north of Jinjiang River. In the third year of Wude in Tang Dynasty (620), the county was set up by abolishing Xu (governing the old county and village of Huangshang Township today), taking Mayang as the name of the county.

In 1913, it was subordinate to Chenyuan road; in 1913, it was abolished and directly subordinate to Hunan Province; on July 1, 2004, it set up the appeasement Office of Xiangxi and the administrative supervision office of majianghuang in Mayang County; in 25, it was changed to the office of the third administrative supervision commissioner; in December 27, Hunan Province set up nine administrative supervision commissioner offices, and Mayang county was changed to the office of the fourth administrative supervision commissioner; on February 27, it was changed to the office of the ninth administrative supervision commissioner Administrative supervision district.

In October 1949, the provincial people's government established the Xiangxi administrative office, which consists of Yuanling, Huitong and Yongshun. Mayang county is subordinate to Yuanling. In August 1952, it was transferred to Zhijiang special office. In December, Zhijiang special office was renamed Qianyang special office, and Mayang was subordinate to Qianyang special office. In June 1981, it was subordinate to Huaihua administrative office. On October 31, 1988, with the approval of the State Council, Mayang county was removed and Mayang Miao Autonomous County was established. The administrative division and subordinate relationship remained unchanged. In 1997, it was changed into Huaihua City and is still in use today.

administrative division

Mayang Miao Autonomous County has 6 towns and 17 townships: Gaocun Town, Jinhe Town, jiangkouxu Town, Yanmen Town, lanli Town, lvjiaping Town, Guogongping Town, Changtan Town, Tuochong Town, Yaoshi Town, Wenchangge Town, daqijiang Town, Shujia Town, Longjiabao Town, tanjiazhai Town, shiyangshao Town, banlishu Town, gudapo town, Lancun Town, Liping Town, lvxikou Town, hepingxi town Huang sang township. There are 312 administrative villages, 48 neighborhood committees and 1859 Village (neighborhood) groups.

In 2015, according to the township division adjustment plan of Mayang Miao Autonomous County, Mayang Miao Autonomous County abolished five township level organizational systems, and now governs 11 townships, including Guogongping, Wenchangge, daqiaojiang, Longjiabao, Shujiacun, Lancun, tanjiazhai, shiyangshao, banlishu, hepingxi and Huangshang, and 7 towns, including Gaocun, Jinhe, Yaoshi, Yanmen, lanli, lvjiaping and jiangkouxu, with a total area of 1568.19 square meters Square kilometers, with a total population of 403000. County People's government resident unchanged (Gaocun town Yaoli community).

geographical environment

Location context

Mayang Miao Autonomous County is located in the western border of Hunan Province, the south of Western Hunan and the northwest of Huaihua City, between Xuefeng mountain and Wuling Mountain. Its territory is 27 ° 32 ′ 02 ″ - 28 ° 01 ′ 46 ″ N and 109 ° 24 ′ 43 ″ - 110 ° 06 ′ 22 ″ E. It starts from huangtianchong of lujiaping town in the East and ends at paomashan of banpotian of Guogongping Township in the west, with a length of 66 km; it starts from laopingshan of jiangkouwu town in the South and ends at dalongchong of gudapo Township in the north, with a width of 55 km and a total area of 1568.19 square km. It connects Chenxi in the East, Huaihua in Zhijiang in the south, Tongren in Guizhou in the west, Fenghuang County and Luxi County in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture in the north. It is the transportation hub from Guizhou Plateau to Jiangnan hills.

details

Topography

Mayang is surrounded by mountains on the north, South and west sides, with high terrain and low central part. It is inclined to the East and open in Shau Kei shape. The highest altitude is 1405m (Xihuang mountain), and the lowest is 130m. It is mainly composed of hills and plains, hills and plains. The plain is distributed along the Jinjiang River and its tributaries, with abundant sunshine and fertile soil. It is the main grain producing area in the county. The hills are widely distributed, crisscrossing between towns and townships, with layers of terraces and oranges everywhere. The hillock is distributed at the junction of the plain and the hills, which is the main area of economic crops. The hills are distributed at the edge of South, West and North, with ups and downs The forest is thick.

climate

Mayang is a subtropical monsoon climate zone with four distinct seasons and abundant rainfall. The annual average temperature is 17.3 ℃, rainfall is 1300 mm, sunshine is 1421.8 hours and frost free period is 255 days.

hydrology

Mayang calendar has the name of "pines and cypresses are towering and endless, mountains are high and waters are clear, flowing all the year round". There are 287 rivers in the territory, with a drainage area of more than 1500 square kilometers. All streams and rivers flow into the Jinjiang River. The Jinjiang River runs from east to west, through 13 towns, to Chenxi County and into Yuanshui, with a length of 126 km.

natural resources

The forest resource area of Mayang county is 885.71 square kilometers, the volume of standing trees is 1046200 cubic meters, and the forest coverage rate is 56.48%. Wild animals and plants are widely distributed in mountainous areas, with 533 species belonging to 91 families, 28 species belonging to national protection, including Yunshan bole, Ginkgo biloba, xiangguoshu, walnut, Sassafras sassafras and Zhennan, and 550 species belonging to 82 families. There are 29 species of wild animals in 8 families. There are 17 kinds of minerals such as copper, lead, zinc, potassium silicohydrochloride, barite and vanadium.

The annual average runoff of surface water in Mayang county is 5.227 billion cubic meters, and the theoretical reserve of water energy is 1090.61 million kilowatts. By 2005, 19 hydropower stations have been opened, with an installed capacity of 8797 million kilowatts and an annual power generation of 220 million kilowatt hours, providing a solid power foundation for the rapid development of urban and rural areas.

Population nationality

Mayang has lived in Miao, Han, Tujia, Dong, Yao and other ethnic groups for generations, of which Miao is the main ethnic group. Miao is one of the oldest nationalities in China. In ancient times, Miao ancestors lived in the Yellow River Basin. After being defeated in the battle of Zhuolu, the tribal alliance led by Chiyou and the tribal alliance led by Yellow Emperor were forced to move to Jianghuai and gradually flow into Pengli area of Dongting. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, most of the Miao people moved to Wuling County in the contiguous areas of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou due to the war. Miao ancestors began to settle in Mayang. At the beginning of yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Miao people in Mayang began to migrate to Jiangkou County, Songtao county and Xiushan County in Guizhou Province, and laershan area in Fenghuang County in Western Hunan Province. Some of the remaining Miao people gradually integrated with the Han people in economic and cultural exchanges. People generally use Chinese and have basically the same customs, which makes Mayang a "ripe Miao" area. Historically, the Miao people in Mayang were widely distributed. In the northern and Southern Dynasties, the Miao people called themselves "evil bear" and "evil dog", also known as "Gefu" and "Geka", and lived along the Jinjiang River and Yaoli river. In the third year of Chen Tianjia's reign (562), he frequently moved to non river basins which deviated from the Jinjiang River and Yaoli River, "lived close to the mountains, gathered households as villages" and "made good use of five color clothes, woven wood and dyed grass". From the Song Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, Teng, Duan, man, Liu, Tian, Zhang, Chen, Li, Zheng, Wang, Zhou, Zeng, Mo, ou, Tan, Hu, Yang, Tang, Fu, sun and other surnames moved in one after another. They intermarried with Wu, long, Liao, Shi, Ma, Wen, Gong, PU, Xiang, Shu, PI, Ma, Cao and other Miao surnames who came from the descendants of "evil bear" and "evil dog", which expanded Miao territory. At that time, there were 25 Miao villages in Mayang and 17 larger ones, namely Zhangjiabao, Longwang, Niutian, Banche, Tongxinxi, caojia, tianjiachong, longtoulong, hengtu, Xintian, xinfengao, Yangjiao, Zhongzhai, Yangjia, Tanjia, Longping and Longtou Miao villages. During the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, there were 174 Miao villages with a wide distribution of Miao people. In 1987, the Miao population was 157435, accounting for 51.32% of the total population of Mayang county. According to the fifth census in 2000, the population of Miao nationality is 263437, accounting for 74.3% of the total population of Mayang county. In 2007, the Miao population of Mayang county was 296300, accounting for 78.8% of the total population of Mayang county.

By the end of 2017, the total number of households in the county was 125762, with a total population of 397649, including 330996 rural residents and 66653 urban residents. There are 208789 males and 188860 females, with a sex ratio of 111:100. The minority population of the county is 378046 (including 3 Miao)

Chinese PinYin : Hu Nan Sheng Huai Hua Shi Ma Yang Miao Zu Zi Zhi Xian