Tianjun County, Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province

Tianjun county belongs to Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province. It is located in the northwest of Qinghai Lake and the eastern margin of Qaidam Basin. It is adjacent to Qilian county and Gangcha County of Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the East, Gonghe County of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Wulan County of Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the south, Delingha city in the west, and Subei Mongolian Autonomous County of Gansu Province in the northwest. Haixi Prefecture is the only animal husbandry County, coal and animal husbandry is the main industry.

Because of the transliteration of "Tianjun mountain", one of the 13 famous mountains around Qinghai Lake. The total area of the county is 25700 square kilometers, of which 50.1% is available grassland. The average altitude is over 4000 meters, the terrain is high and the climate is cold.

The county has 3 towns, 7 townships, 62 pastoral committees and 2 communities. It is a multi-ethnic gathering area with Tibetan as the main body. There are 15 ethnic groups, including Tibetan, Han, Hui, Mongolia, Sala and so on. The population of the registered residence is 22 thousand and 500, and the minority population accounts for 85%. Registered residence is the main body of the western culture. In 2018, the annual GDP will reach 2.093 billion yuan.

On September 29, 2018, the people's Government of Qinghai Province approved the withdrawal of Tianjun county from poverty-stricken county.

Historical evolution

Before the Han Dynasty, Tianjun was a place of Qiang nationality.

In the fourth year of the first year of emperor Hanping (AD 4), Wang Mang induced Beihe to offer land to Qiang, and set up Xihai county. Tianjun was under the jurisdiction of Xihai county. In the 23rd year of emperor Wangmang (AD 23), Xihai county was abandoned and restored to Qiang land.

In the Sixteen States of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it was Xianbei Jifu Department (also known as Jifu Wudi country). During the reign of emperor Taiwu shenlu of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Tianjun area became a dependency of Tuyuhun.

In 609 A.D., Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty broke the state of Tuguhun, and set up prefectures and counties in his hometown. Among them, Xihai County governs the former capital of Tuguhun, Fucheng, and leads Xuande and weiding counties. Tianjun area is Xuande county. When Sui Dynasty died, Tuyuhun returned to his hometown.

In 663 ad, Tubo defeated Tuyuhun, and Tianjun area was changed to Tubo state.

In the early Northern Song Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of the local government of Tubo jiaosilao.

In the third year of mengge (1253 AD), the Mongol emperor Xianzong set up Tubo to be treated as xuanweisi (Zhihe prefecture). Tianjun area was under the jurisdiction of Tubo and other xuanweisi, belonging to xuanzhengyuan.

In the early Ming Dynasty, it was one of the four guards outside the great wall of Xining. In 1512 A.D., the tumed tribe of the eastern Mongolia entered Qinghai to break the fourth guard. Tianjun became the pastoral area of the eastern Mongolia. In the 10th year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1637 AD), it became the jurisdiction of gushihan, the leader of Heshuote tribe in irut.

In the third year of Yongzheng reign of Qing Dynasty (1725 A.D.), 29 Mongolian banners in Qinghai were established. In the east of Tianjun, it was the pasture of Heshuote Beiqian banner, and in the west, it was the pasture of Heshuote beiyoumo banner. It was under the jurisdiction of the Minister of Mongolian affairs in Qinghai (collectively referred to as the Minister of Xining Affairs). In the early years of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty, wangshidaihai, a Tibetan tribe, moved to Tianjun county to live as a herdsman.

In the sixth year of the Republic of China (1917), the governor of Dulan county was appointed in Tianjun district. In the 19th year of the Republic of China (1930), it was under the jurisdiction of Dulan County, which was called the second administrative region of Dulan county.

Xining was liberated on September 5, 1949. On October 16, the military and political Commission of Qinghai Province appointed Wang benba as the head of Dulan County, and Wang Dehai and Danke as the deputy heads of Dulan county. On October 30, Wang benba and his party of more than 30 people arrived at the Danke family of wangshidaijiao tribe to preach the policy to the welcoming masses, and wangshidaihai (Tianjun) was liberated,

In 1950, Tianjun was designated as the Second District of Dulan county.

In August 1953, according to the spirit of the Lanzhou meeting of the Northwest Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Dulan county was upgraded to a regional level national united autonomous government, and Tianjun was upgraded to a county-level autonomous region. On October 3, the Haixi prefectural committee decided to establish the Tianjun Working Committee of the Communist Party of China with the approval of the Provincial Committee. From November 19 to 24, the "Tianjun Tibetan Autonomous Region preparatory consultation meeting" was held, and the people's Government of the "Tianjun Tibetan Autonomous Region" was formally established The Preparatory Committee.

On July 25, 1954, the Tianjun Tibetan Autonomous Region (county level) was officially established, with Haidian, Tibetan and Kazakh autonomous regions (at the regional level).

On July 1, 1955, according to the State Council's reply, the Haixi autonomous region was changed into an autonomous prefecture, the Tianjun autonomous region into Tianjun County, the people's Government of the autonomous region into the people's Committee of the county, and the chairman and vice chairman were changed into the head and deputy head of the county.

In June 1955, three districts, xiahuancang, shanghuancang and zhacha, were established, and three district Party committee secretaries and district heads were appointed.

In June 1958, ten township governments were established in Tianjun County, and three districts were abolished immediately. In September, Tianjun county realized the people's communization, and 10 townships were changed into 10 people's communes. On September 15, 10 people's communes were merged into five communes, namely Tianpeng, Jianghe, kuairma, Muli and Suli. Later, Muli commune was transformed into two communes, namely Muli and zhihema commune.

In September 1962, six communes were changed into 15 communes, and Jianghe, kuairma and Suli districts were established. Among them, 11 communes were under the leadership of three districts and 4 commune counties.

In March 1963, with the approval of the state, Tianjun established a district (Suli District) and 11 townships, of which 9 townships are directly under the county.

In December 1967, Tianjun County Revolutionary Committee was established, with four working groups.

In July 1968, the communes were restored in all townships, and the original communes were changed into brigades.

In 1984, combined with the general election of the people's Congress, Tianjun county was divided into 12 townships and 63 animal husbandry cooperatives.

On February 21, 2001, Tianpeng and Guanjiao townships were abolished and merged into Xinyuan town (the town government is located in Tianjun county); the residence of Shengge township government was moved to yematan (451 km of Qingxin highway). At the end of 2001, Tianjun county had jurisdiction over one town, 10 townships and 62 Village (animal husbandry) committees.

In 2005, Tianjun County adjusted the township administrative division: gahe township was abolished and incorporated into Shuli township. To abolish Muli town and set up Muli Town, the scope of the town government and administrative divisions will remain unchanged, and the system of town governing village will be implemented. To abolish Jianghe Township and set up Jianghe Town, the scope of the town government and administrative divisions will remain unchanged, and the system of town governing village will be implemented. In 2005, Tianjun county changed from ten townships and one town to three townships and seven townships, including Xinyuan Town, Jianghe Town, Muli Town, kuairma Township, zhihema Township, Suli Township, Yangkang Township, Longmen Township, Shengge Township and zhouqun township.

administrative division

As of 2010, Tianjun county has jurisdiction over three towns: Xinyuan Town, Muli town and Jianghe Town, and seven townships: Suli Township, Longmen Township, zhouqun Township, zhihema Township, kuairma Township, Shengge Township and Yangkang township.

Population nationality

As of 2010, the total population of Tianjun county is 47000, and the minority population accounts for 85.98% of the total population. Tianjun county is a multi-ethnic gathering area with Tibetans as the main body, and there are 15 ethnic groups, including Tibetans, Hans, Huis, Mongols, Salars, etc.

geographical environment

Location context

Tianjun county is located in the northwest of Qinghai Lake and the east of Qaidam Basin. Its geographical location is between 96 ° 49 ′ 42 ″ - 99 ° 41 ′ 48 ″ E and 36 ° 53 ′ - 48 ° 39 ′ 12 ″ n. It is adjacent to Qilian county and Gangcha County of Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the East, Gonghe County of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Wulan County of Haixi Mongolian Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the south, Delingha city in the west, and Subei Mongolian Autonomous County of Gansu Province in the northwest. The county is 44-170 km wide from northeast to southwest and 312 km long from northwest to Southeast. Tianjun county has a total area of 25700 square kilometers (2010).

terrain

The terrain of Tianjun county can be summarized as follows: plain between six rivers, five mountains, hills and valleys, forty-three rivers, lakes, swamps and glaciers; high in the middle, low at both ends, wide in Southeast and narrow in northwest, wedge-shaped; high in Haibo, the highest Haibo in Tianjun county is 5826.8 meters, the lowest Haibo is 2850 meters, the relative height difference is nearly 3000 meters, and the average Haibo is more than 4000 meters.

climate

Tianjun county has a continental climate with low temperature and uneven precipitation time. The climate is cold and there is no absolute frost free period. The annual average gale days is 97 days.

natural resources

mineral resources

As of 2010, the mineral resources of Tianjun County include coal, sulfur, limestone, asbestos, mica, gypsum, Iceland spar, mirabilite, rock salt, kaolin, lead and zinc, copper, pyrite, gold, etc. Except for the large-scale mining of coal and lead-zinc, others have not been exploited and utilized. The proven coal reserves in Tianjun county are 3.3 billion tons, accounting for 66.9% of the total coal reserves in the whole province, and the D-grade reserves of limestone mine are 1.29 billion tons. The land gas hydrate (also known as combustible ice) is discovered for the first time in the permafrost of Muli area, which is a kind of natural gas hydrate resource with high purity and new type.

Biological resources

As of 2010, there are more than 100 species of wild animals in Tianjun County, including 22 families and 37 species with various economic and medicinal values. The main rare animals are yak, deer, musk deer, snow chicken, lynx, snow leopard, wild donkey, rock sheep, yellow goat, antelope, bear, argali, etc.; there are 193 kinds of wild plants that can be used as medicine in the territory, and more than 80 kinds are commonly used.

traffic

The Qinghai Tibet railway runs through the southern part of Tianjun county. As of 2010, the railway has a total length of 95 km, with five railway stations, namely Jianghe, Tianpeng, Tianjun, Nanshan and erlangdong. Tianjun station is 316 km to Xining in the East and 220 km to Delingha in the West. National Highway 315 and Qinghai Tibet railway pass through the county.

Economics

overview

In 2008, Tianjun county achieved a GDP of 1.72 billion yuan, an increase of 112.25% over 2007. Among them, the first

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