Yuzhou City, Xuchang City, Henan Province

Yuzhou Yuzhou, referred to as "Jun", formerly known as Yangzhai and Junzhou, also known as Xiadu, Jundu and Yaodu, is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Henan Province, which is managed by Xuchang; it is one of the first batch of historical and cultural cities in Henan Province, and the central city in the southern edge of the Central Plains urban agglomeration; it is a regional sub central city in the southwest of the Central Plains Economic Zone approved by the people's Government of Henan Province, and an important national traditional Chinese medicine distribution and processing, and ceramic research and development Advanced manufacturing base. As of 2018, the city has 4 streets, 20 towns and 2 townships with a total area of 1461 square kilometers and a total population of 1303800, including 470000 permanent residents in the urban area.

Yuzhou is located in Central China and central Henan Province, 80 kilometers north of Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan Province. It is located in the core area of Central Plains Economic Zone, adjacent to Zhengzhou airport economic comprehensive experimental zone. It is a national development and reform pilot city, China environmental art ceramic production base, national new urbanization comprehensive pilot city, national Urban-rural Integration Development Experimental Zone, and the first batch of cultural reform and Development Experimental Zones in Henan Province.

Yuzhou was named after Dayu for his meritorious service in flood control. It is one of the central areas of Huangdi's tribal activities. It is the capital of Xia Dynasty, the capital of South Korea, Yingchuan Prefecture of Qin and Han Dynasties, the prefecture of Jin, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is the only producing area of Jun porcelain and the distribution center of four large and medium-sized medicinal materials in Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are ancient cultures such as Yushan culture, Fuxi Culture, Huangdi culture, Dayu culture, Jun porcelain culture and traditional Chinese medicine culture in the territory. It has a large number of historical and cultural relics and profound historical and cultural heritage The history of Han Fei, LV Buwei, Zhang Liang, Wu Daozi, Chao Cuo, Chu suiliang, Handan Chun, Guo Jia, Sima Hui and other historical celebrities.

In 2020, the city's GDP will reach 84.96 billion yuan, an increase of 3.1%; it has won the titles of China's excellent tourism city, National Health City, National Garden City, China's ecological charm city, and China's most attractive city suitable for living, working and traveling. On May 18, 2020, he was shortlisted as one of the top 100 cities (county-level) with high communication popularity held by people's daily.

Historical evolution

The origin of the name

Yuzhou is the ancient capital of China and one of the important birthplaces of the Chinese nation. It has different appellations in different dynasties.

Xiayi: in the Xia Dynasty, Yujing was called Xiayi and used to be the capital of the Xia Dynasty for a long time. According to the Bamboo Annals, Xia Qi, the son of Yu of Xia Dynasty, ascended to the throne of Xiayi and enjoyed the princes in Juntai The Shang Dynasty was still the capital of Xia. Shang Tang once sealed the descendants of Yu Xia here.

Oak Town: in the spring and Autumn period, Yuzhou was called oak Town, which was the other capital of Zheng State.

Yangzhai: in the ninth year of Han Jinghou (400 BC) in the Warring States period, Han was recognized as a vassal state by Zhou Shi, and its capital was built here. So it was changed to Yangzhai.

Yingchuan: in the 17th year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (230 BC), Qin sent Shi Teng to destroy Han, captured Han Wang'an, and established Yingchuan County as the hometown of South Korea. Its capital was located in Yangzhai and ling20 county.

Yingshun Prefecture: in 1130, Liu Yu of the puppet Qi Dynasty set up Yingshun army in Yangzhai. In the 22nd year of Jin Dading (1182), yingshunjun was promoted to yingshunzhou, under the jurisdiction of Nanjing Road (Nanjing is Kaifeng City, Henan Province);

Junzhou: in the 24th year of jindading (1184), Yingshun Prefecture was renamed "Junzhou" because of the former site of Juntai in the territory, which still belongs to Nanjing Road. Junzhou governs Yangzhai, MI and Xinzheng counties.

Junping Prefecture: in 1643, Li Zicheng conquered Yuzhou for the second time in the first month of the reign of emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty, so Junping Prefecture was set up in Yuzhou, with jurisdiction over 27 counties.

Evolution of organizational system

Primitive society

In the primitive society, there were ancient ancestors living and reproducing in Yuzhou. According to archaeological findings, Yuzhou has the remains of Yangshao culture from 7000 to 5000 years ago and Longshan culture from 4800 to 4300 years ago. The most famous and important is the Wadian site of Longshan culture.

The period of Emperor Yao

Yuzhou is one of the main areas of Huangdi's activities. There are a large number of rock paintings, stone castles and giant stone cultural relics on Mount Juci in Yuzhou. According to ancient books, they are the relics left by the activities of the Yellow Emperor.

In the period of Yao and Shun, Yuzhou was called Xia (Xia, Emperor Yu granted the title of state), which was the main area of Xia tribe activities at that time. Dayu, the leader of Xia tribe, was granted the title of "Xia Yu state" because of his meritorious service in water control. "Shuijingzhu" records: "after Yangzhai (Yuzhou) old city, Xiayu began to be granted here, for the country of Xia."

Xia Shang Zhou

In the Xia Dynasty, Yujing was known as "Xia Yi" or "Xia state", also known as "Yu state", which had been the capital of the Xia Dynasty for a long time. According to shuijingzhu, "there is XiaTing city in Yangzhai County, Henan Province, where Xiayu was granted the title of Xia state.". According to the Bamboo Annals, Xia Qi, the son of Yu of Xia Dynasty, ascended to the throne of Xiayi and enjoyed the princes in Juntai.

Later, it moved to Anyi, Shanxi Province. After the loss of emperor Xiang, Shaokang was revived, which was also destroyed by the Xia people. Shaokang was granted to Xiayi. The princes first heard of it and established it as the son of heaven. The capital was built in Shaokang city (Kangcheng village, Shundian Town, Yuzhou City). Therefore, in the early historical records, Yuzhou was often called Xiayi.

In the Shang Dynasty, there were Li (today's Yuzhou City) and Kang (today's Kangcheng village of Shundian town) in Yudi, where the descendants of Xiayu were granted by Shang Tang.

In the Western Zhou Dynasty, this place was the capital of Li. When King Wu of Zhou Dynasty, he was granted the title of King Wu's younger brother Yu Kang (Kangcheng village, Shundian Town, Yuzhou City).

Spring and Autumn period and Warring States Period

In the spring and Autumn period, Yuzhou, known as the oak Town, was the other capital of the state of Zheng.

In the 16th year of King Xiang of Zhou Dynasty (636 BC), the northern Zhai people (also known as Di people) came to occupy the land of oak, which was renamed Yangzhai (Yindi) because it was in the Yang of Songshan mountain.

In the 18th year of King Zhou Weilie (408 BC), Han Jinghou Qian moved the capital of Korea from Pingyang to Yangzhai. In the second year of Han AI Hou (375 BC), Han destroyed Zheng and moved his capital to Zheng (now Xinzheng City). Five years later, in the sixth year of King lie of Zhou Dynasty (370 BC), Han Yihou relocated the capital to Yangzhai.

Qin and Han Dynasties

In the 17th year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (230 BC), the internal history of the Qin faction destroyed Han and captured Han Wang'an. Yingchuan county was set up in the hometown of South Korea, with the capital in Yangzhai (now Yuzhou City). "The book of the later Han Dynasty" wrote that "Yingchuan county was established by the Qin Dynasty. Five hundred miles southeast of Luoyang. Seventeen cities: Yangzhai (today's Yuzhou), Xiang, Xiangcheng, Kunyang (today's Pingdingshan Ye County), Dingling, Wuyang, Yan (today's Luohe), Linying, Yingyang, Yingyin, Xu (today's Xuchang), Xinji, Yanling, changshe (today's Changge), Yangcheng (today's Dengfeng), Fucheng, Lunshi ". In the second year of Qin II (208 BC), Xiang Liang established Han Gongzi as the king of Han, and still set his capital in Yangzhai.

In the fifth year of Gaozu (202 BC) of the Western Han Dynasty, Gaozu granted hanwangxin the title of hanwangxin, the capital of Yangzhai. The following year, Han Wang Xinqian's old capital Taiyuan, Yang Zhai Fu Yingchuan Prefecture, under the jurisdiction of 17 counties. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the whole country was divided into 13 prefectures. Yangzhai belonged to Yingchuan County of Yuzhou. The county ruled Yangzhai and led 18 counties. During the reign of Emperor Xuan and emperor yuan, Yingchuan County belonged to 19 and 20 counties respectively.

In the first year of Wangmang Tianfeng (AD 14), Yingchuan county was changed to zuozui county. Yangzhai county was changed into Yingchuan County, Yanling County was changed into zuoting county and merged into Xu county. Yingchuan, Xuxian, Yingyin, changshe and other counties belong to the left team.

In the first year of the founding of Guangwu in Han Dynasty, zuozui county was changed to Yingchuan County, which was returned to Yuzhou and led to 18 counties.

Three Kingdoms, two Jin Dynasties, southern and Northern Dynasties

During the Three Kingdoms period, Wei, Shu and Wu were divided into three kingdoms, and Yangzhai belonged to Wei. In the first year of the Wei and Huang dynasties (220), Yangzhai was transferred to Henan county of Yuzhou, and Yingchuan County moved eastward to Xuchang County.

In the Western Jin Dynasty, it belonged to the Henan Prefecture of Sizhou. During the Sixteen States period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it successively belonged to the Eastern Jin Dynasty (changing Yangzhai to yangzhaijun), the later Zhao Dynasty, the former Yan Dynasty, the former Qin Dynasty, the later Yan Dynasty and the later Qin Dynasty.

At the beginning of the northern and Southern Dynasties, Yangzhai belonged to the Southern Song Dynasty and belonged to Yuzhou. Yingchuan Prefecture took charge of Suiyang and led Yangzhai. In the second year of Xiaochang (526), Yangzhai was divided into Yangzhai and Yangcheng counties. In the first year of Xinghe in the Eastern Wei Dynasty (539), Yangzhai county was divided into Yangzhai county and Huangtai county (now Huangtai village, Guolian town).

Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties

In 583, Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty abolished Yangzhai County, and Yangzhai belonged to Xiangcheng County. In 605, Huangtai county was merged into Yingchuan County, which was under the jurisdiction of Xiangcheng County of Yuzhou.

In the third year of Wude (620), Emperor Gaozu of Tang Dynasty, Yang City, Song Yang and Yang Zhai were analyzed respectively, and Kangcheng county was restored. In 629, Kangcheng county was abolished and merged into Yangzhai. In the second year of longshuo (662), Yangzhai county was under the jurisdiction of Luozhou Prefecture. In 843, Emperor Wuzong of Tang Dynasty returned to Yingchuan county. During the Five Dynasties and the Later Liang Dynasty, Yangzhai county was under the jurisdiction of Kuang State Army of Xuzhou. In the later Tang Dynasty, the later Jin Dynasty, the later Han Dynasty and the Later Zhou Dynasty (923-960), Yangzhai was under the jurisdiction of Xu Zhouzhong's military forces.

Northern Song Dynasty and Jin Dynasty

After the first year of Jingkang (1126) in the Northern Song Dynasty, Yangzhai was under the jurisdiction of Jin Dynasty.

During the reign of Liu Yu in the Jin Dynasty, Yingchuan county was set up in Yangzhai.

In 1180, yingshunjun was changed into yingshunzhou, which was under the jurisdiction of Nanjing Road (Kaifeng City, Henan Province); Yangzhai was still attached to it. In 1184, Yingshun Prefecture was changed to Junzhou because of the relics of ancient "Juntai" in jindading Prefecture, which still belonged to Nanjing Road. Jurisdiction of Yangzhai, Xinzheng two counties and a Guodian town.

From Emperor Shun to Zhengyuan (1341), Junzhou changed its jurisdiction over Yangzhai, Xinzheng and Mi counties.

Ming and Qing Dynasties

In the first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1369), it was still Junzhou, and Yangzhai was incorporated into the state. Junzhou led Xinzheng and Mishan counties. In the fourth year of Longqing (1570), Xinzheng was designated as LingMi County in Junzhou.

In the third year of Wanli (1575), Junzhou was changed to Yuzhou in April for avoiding Zhu Yijun.

In 1643, Li Zicheng conquered Yuzhou for the second time in the first month of the reign of emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty.

In 1662, the first year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, Mi County was transferred to Kaifeng Prefecture, and Yuzhou no longer governed the county.

In the second year of Yongzheng (1724), Yuzhou was promoted to Zhili Prefecture, and Xinzheng and Mi counties were restored.

the Republic of China era

The first year of the Republic of China (1911)

Chinese PinYin : He Nan Sheng Xu Chang Shi Yu Zhou Shi