Mulei Kazak Autonomous County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Mulei Kazak Autonomous County Mulei Kazak Autonomous County is the easternmost County in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It is located in the north foot of Tianshan Mountain, southeast margin of Junggar basin, east of Qitai County, west of Balikun County, south of Tianshan Mountain, across the mountain from Shanshan County, and north of Mongolia, with a total area of 22171 square kilometers. It has jurisdiction over three towns, seven townships and one ethnic township. The county is 270 kilometers away from Urumqi.

"Mulei" was written in Qing Dynasty as "Mulei", which is the phonetic conversion of "Pu Lei" in Hun language. In the Western Han Dynasty, Mu Lei was the land of Pu state. In the heyday of Tang Dynasty, it belonged to Pu Lei County under the protection of Beiting capital, and it belonged to Gaochang at the end of Tang Dynasty. The Song Dynasty belonged to the Western Liao Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty was a nomadic land of the Mongols. In Qing Dynasty, it was subordinate to Zhenxi government. In 1917, Muleihe county was established. In 1930, it was upgraded to a county. Mulei Kazak Autonomous County was established in 1954, under the jurisdiction of Dihua special region. In 1958, it was transferred to Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture.

There are Mingsha mountain, Populus euphratica forest, forest park, Longwang temple, primitive villages and other tourist attractions in Mulei Kazakh Autonomous County. In 2013, the regional GDP of Mulei Kazak Autonomous County was about 2.418 billion yuan.

Historical evolution

Place name source

"Mulei", also written in Qing Dynasty as "Mulei", is the phonetic conversion of "Pu Lei" in Xiongnu language; Balikun Lake in Han Dynasty is called "Pu Lei Hai", which is in its east; PU Lei County in Tingzhou in Tang Dynasty is in its west; but they are not far away. Mulei is just in them, and it is possible that the place name originated from ancient national language, which needs further research. It means "horse", "prairie" or "curved river" in Mongolian. According to the chapter "the meaning of place names in Xinjiang" in the book "Xinjiang Bo Wen Lu", it is believed that Mulei, in Mongolian, means river bend.

Before treatment

Mulei Kazak Autonomous County has a long history. More than 3000 years ago, people were active in the county. In the Western Han Dynasty, the government of the Han Dynasty set up the Duhu of the western regions in the second year of shenjue of the Han Dynasty (60 BC) to manage 36 states of the western regions. Mulei belongs to the later state of PU, which is under the jurisdiction of Duhu of western regions. In the Tang Dynasty, after the government of Tang Dynasty unified the western regions, Tingzhou was established in Jimusaer County in the 14th year of Zhenguan (640), under which bushei county was under the jurisdiction of Tingzhou. In the first year of Kaiyuan of Tang Dynasty (713), the Tang government set up Dushan to guard and capture the present Mulei County. After the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing government, in the process of unifying the western regions, due to military needs, built castles along the way from Balikun to Mulei in 1718. In 1732, Yue Zhongqi, the general of Ningyuan, governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi provinces, moved his troops to the main position of the wooden fortress and built a wooden fortress with a circumference of more than 600 Zhang. In 1735, the Qing government named Mulei "Mulei". It is recorded in Xinjiang atlas that "Mulei" is the transliteration of "Pu Lei". The word "Pu Lei" comes from "Pu Lei Hai", which is the ancient name of Barkol lake. Mulei is close to Barkol lake, so it is named after the lake. After that, "Mulei" gradually evolved into "Mulei". In 1759, the Qing government established qitaibao in dongjilmatai (today's Dongcheng Town) and set up a grain inspector. In 1761, the Qing government decided to "raise people to open up fields" and to send green flag soldiers to Mulei camp. In 1767, the Qing government recruited more than 1000 people from 300 households in Ganzhou, Gansu Province, and settled them in Mulei and Qitai. In the following year, 608 hectares of land were reclaimed by the people in the two places. In 1773, Qitai County and Mulei County were set up under the jurisdiction of Qitai County and subordinate to the West mansion of Balikun town. In 1917, Muleihe county was established under the jurisdiction of Qitai County. In the eighth year of the Republic of China (1919), the construction of Mulei city began, which lasted for nine years. At the beginning, some of the city walls were built by migrant workers, then the construction work was stopped, and then the construction project was completed by the Engineering Battalion.

After treatment

In March 1930, Muleihe county was established and named after Qitai County. After the peaceful liberation of Xinjiang, the people's Government of Muleihe county was established in April 1950, under the jurisdiction of Dihua district. In March 1954, Muleihe county was renamed Mulei County. In July of the same year, the Mulei Kazakh autonomous region was established. In March 1955, it was renamed as Mulei Kazak Autonomous County, with 5 districts and 19 townships under its jurisdiction. Since the abolition of Urumqi special region in May 1958, it has been subordinate to Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture.

administrative division

In 2013, Mulei Kazakh Autonomous County governs three towns (Mulei Town, xijil town and Dongcheng Town), seven townships (yingebug Township, ZHAOBISHAN Township, Xinhu Township, queren Township, Baiyanghe Township, Dashitou Township and Bostan township), and one ethnic township (Danangou Uzbek township). There are: breeding farm, kerekekuduk ranch. The county people's government is located in Mulei town.

geographical environment

Location context

Mulei Kazak Autonomous County is located 270 kilometers east of Urumqi, the capital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, at the north foot of the East Tianshan section and the southeast edge of Jungar basin. It spans 89 ° 56 ′～ 92 ° 16 ′ E and 43 ° 14 ′～ 45 ° 16 ′ n. It is adjacent to Balikun Kazak Autonomous County and Hami City in the East, Qitai in the west, Shanshan County in the South and Mongolia in the north It's about 150 kilometers long. The maximum length from north to south is 198 km, and the maximum width from east to west is 138 km, with a total area of 22171 square kilometers.

topographic features

Mulei Kazak Autonomous County is located in the intersection of Altay tectonic belt, Bogda tectonic belt and Junggar block. Under the action of different structures, it has formed mountain, piedmont hill, plain Gobi and desert landform types. Mulei Kazak Autonomous County has 240 kilometers of desert area between it and Balikun county. It is sparsely populated and almost no one is farming. It is a natural barrier for disease and insect transmission. Mulei County is surrounded by mountains on three sides. Bogda mountain in the south is 2500-5000 meters above sea level. Beita mountain and big and small havtik mountain in the north are 1500-2000 meters above sea level. Mengluoke mountain and qingjulu mountain in the East are 1500-2000 meters above sea level In Huangqi period, Xin desert, with an altitude of 700-1000 meters, became a Banbi basin with three sides high in the north, South and East and low in the middle. The mountain trend gradually decreased from west to East, and the basin tilted from east to west. In geomorphology, it can be divided into four different units: mountain, hill, plain and desert.

hydrology

Mulei County is rich in water resources. There are mainly six rivers: yinggebao River, Shuimo River, Dongcheng River, Mulei River and Bostan river. They all belong to mountain stream rivers and originate from the north slope of Bogda in Tianshan Mountains. There are also 16 spring ditches.

climate

Mulei Kazak Autonomous County is located in the temperate desert of Northern Xinjiang, with obvious characteristics of arid continental climate. The annual average temperature is 5-6 ℃, which is greater than 10 ℃ and the effective accumulated temperature is 2600 ℃. The daily temperature range is larger, and the annual temperature range is smaller. The annual average drop is 294.9 mm, the annual and monthly variation of precipitation is large, the highest year is 571 mm, the lowest year is 158 mm, the precipitation is mainly concentrated in winter and spring, often in the critical period of crop growth, severe "neck" drought occurs in late June, annual sunshine hours is 3037 hours, annual evaporation is 2207.6 mm, frost free period is 139 days, the climate is long and warm in winter, summer Short and cool. The effective accumulated temperature is low, the frost free period is short, and the light is sufficient.

natural resources

water resource

As of May 2014, the annual runoff of surface water in Murai Kazak Autonomous County is 13420 cubic meters, and the dynamic reserves of groundwater is 4515 cubic meters. The total amount of water resources in the county is 167906800 cubic meters. There are 6 rivers, 17 spring ditches and 127 springs in the county. The total runoff of surface water is 103.42 million cubic meters, of which the annual runoff of six rivers is 85.623 million cubic meters, the annual runoff of 16 spring ditches is about 12.24 million cubic meters, and the annual runoff of 127 springs is 9.958 million cubic meters. The average annual water diversion is 56.223 million cubic meters, the groundwater recharge in plain area is 92.5416 million cubic meters / A, and the exploitable amount is 64.4868 million cubic meters / A. The total amount of groundwater resources in the county is 45.15 million cubic meters, the average annual exploitation is 27.86 million cubic meters, and the per capita actual available water resources is 1170 cubic meters. There are nine detention reservoirs in the county, including one medium-sized reservoir, namely Longwangmiao reservoir; six small (I) reservoirs, namely yinggebao reservoir, xijil reservoir, Dongcheng reservoir, Bostan reservoir, Baiyanghe reservoir and Dashitou reservoir; two small (II) reservoirs, namely qigechengzi reservoir and wuzongblake reservoir, with a total designed storage capacity of 33.83 million cubic meters. There are 2102 kilometers of all kinds of channels in the county, with 1414 kilometers of seepage control. Among them, the total length of main canal is 195 km, the total length of branch canal is 353 km, the total length of ditch is 509 km, and the total length of agricultural canal is 1045 km. There are 23 reservoirs, 19 Karez and 423 supporting wells in the county.

land resource

As of May 2014, the total land area of Mulei Kazakh Autonomous County is 1330086.3 hectares. Among all kinds of land in the county, 1246054.36 hectares are agricultural land, including 52229.2 hectares of cultivated land, 345.4 hectares of garden land, 36792.1 hectares of forest land, 1156212.6 hectares of pasture land, 262.6 hectares of water surface, 8764.9 hectares of construction land, including 4795.4 hectares of rural residential land, industrial and mining land, and 1678.2 hectares of traffic land There are 2291.3 hectares of land for water conservancy facilities and 75266.7 hectares of unused land.

mineral products

Chinese PinYin : Xin Jiang Wei Wu Er Zi Zhi Qu Chang Ji Hui Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Mu Lei Ha Sa Ke Zi Zhi Xian