Pinggu District, Beijing Municipality

Pinggu District Pinggu District, under the jurisdiction of Beijing Municipality, is located in the northeast of Beijing, with a total area of 948.24 square kilometers. It belongs to the beisanhe river system of Haihe River Basin, with 32 rivers in the territory. Weihe River is the longest river in the territory. Pinggu District has a temperate continental monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, the longest in winter, the second in summer, and the shortest in spring and autumn. It covers a total area of 948.24 square kilometers, and has jurisdiction over 2 streets, 16 towns and 273 villages. At the end of 2019, 462 thousand people lived in the region and 409 thousand were registered residence.

In the Paleolithic age, the ancestors lived in Pinggu and discovered Shangzhai culture. Pinggu County was built in 195 B.C. in the 12th year of emperor Gaozu of the Western Han Dynasty. In March 1958, Tongxian special office was abolished, and Pinggu County was transferred to Tangshan special office of Hebei Province. On October 20 of the same year, Pinggu County was put under the jurisdiction of Beijing Municipality. In April 2002, Pinggu County was removed from the county and built into a district. In 2019, it will be listed as the national pilot city of intellectual property rights, the pilot unit of improving the quality of farmers' cooperatives in the whole county, and the first batch of pilot units of building the national rural governance system.

In 2019, Pinggu District will achieve a GDP of 29.35 billion yuan, an increase of 4.7% over the previous year at constant prices. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 1.32 billion yuan, down 18.1%; the added value of the secondary industry was 7.71 billion yuan, up 2.3%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 20.32 billion yuan, up 7.6%.

Historical evolution

In the Paleolithic age, the ancestors lived in Pinggu and discovered Shangzhai culture.

During the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, it was located in Jizhou or Youzhou.

During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, Pinggu area belonged to the state of Yan. In the late Warring States period, the state of Yan set up five counties, such as Shanggu county and Yuyang county. Pinggu area belongs to Yuyang county.

Qin unified the six countries, and the world was divided into 36 counties. Pinggu still belonged to Yuyang county.

In the Western Han Dynasty, Pinggu County was built in the spring of 195B. C.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Yuyang county was still established. Pinggu is one of the nine counties under the jurisdiction of Yuyang county. In the Wei Dynasty, Pinggu County was still established.

In the early years of the Jin Dynasty, Pinggu County of Shanxi Province was located in Lu County of Yan state, which is now Tongzhou. In the early Northern Wei Dynasty, Pinggu belonged to Yuyang county. In 446, Pinggu County was incorporated into Lu county.

In the early years of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Pinggu was merged into Lu county.

In Sui Dynasty, Pinggu area was subordinate to Wuzhong county. In 596, kaihuang moved to Xuanzhou, and Daye was changed into a county. Wuzhong county is governed by prefectures and counties. At the end of Daye, it was renamed Yuyang. "

In Tang Dynasty, Pinggu was abandoned as Dawang town and entered Yuyang county.

In Liao Dynasty, Pinggu area was still Dawang town.

In the early Ming Dynasty, Pinggu County was still a county of Jizhou because of the old system of Yuan Dynasty.

In the early Qing Dynasty, Pinggu County was still Jizhou County of shuntianfu. In the 15th year of Kangxi (1676), tongyongdao was divided into Pinggu and other counties. In the fourth year of Yongzheng reign (1726), Tongyong road was used to manage River affairs, and Pinggu was changed into Bachang road. Qianlong eight years (1743), to Pinggu County Zhili shuntianfu.

In the third year of the Republic of China (1914), shuntianfu was changed into Jingzhao special district, with 20 Lingxian and one Pinggu County.

In 1928, the KMT government moved its capital to Nanjing, cut off the Jingzhao special area, and put it under Hebei Province. Pinggu County was transferred to Jidong road of Hebei Province.

In September 1932, Jimi district was set up in Hebei Province.

In June 1938, the United County of Miyun Pinggu Jixian was established. In July, Pinggu County was laid down and the Anti Japanese democratic government of Pinggu County was established. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the army and the people carried out the Anti Japanese struggle. In April 1940, Jiping Miyun United county was established, which was subordinate to the Jidong Office of the administrative committee of the Shanxi Chahar Hebei border region. In July, it was changed into the 13th special office of the administrative committee of the Shanxi Chahar Hebei border region.

In November 1940, jipingmi United county was divided into two parts: jipingbao Sanhe United County in the South and Pinggu Miyun Xinglong United County in the north.

In November 1942, pingmixing Union County was changed into Pinggu Sanhe Miyun Union County, which belongs to the 13th Office of the high commissioner.

In July of 1943, pingsanmi United county was divided into two United counties. Chengde Xinglong Miyun United county was established in the north, and Pinggu Sanhe Jixian United county was established in the south, which was under the first special office of jirebian administrative office.

In July 1944, pingsanji United county was divided into three parts: Sanhe Tongxian Shunyi United County in the west, Sanhe Tongxian Xianghe United County in the southwest, and pingsanji United County in the East, commonly known as Xinping Sanji United county.

In January 1945, jireliao administrative office was established, and pingsanji United county was subordinate to the fourteenth special office of jireliao administrative office. In November, pingsanji United county was affiliated to the 14th special office of Jidong administrative office.

In March 1946, the establishment of Union County was abolished and Pinggu County was restored.

In August 1949, the people's Government of Hebei Province was established. Some areas of the former 14th and 15th special districts were merged into Tongxian special district. Pinggu County is subordinate to Tongxian district administrative inspector's office of Hebei Province.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Pinggu County was still under the special office of Tongxian County, Hebei Province.

In March 1958, Tongxian special office was abolished, and Pinggu County was transferred to Tangshan special office of Hebei Province. On October 20 of the same year, Pinggu County was put under the jurisdiction of Beijing Municipality.

In April 2002, Pinggu County was removed from the county and built into a district.

administrative division

By 2019, Pinggu District has jurisdiction over Binhe and Xinggu streets, Pinggu, yukou, Mafang, Jinhaihu, Donggao village, shangdongzhuang, nandulehe, Dahuashan, Xiagezhuang, Machangying, Wangxinzhuang, Daxingzhuang, liujiadian and zhenluoying (among them, Pinggu, yukou, Mafang and Jinhaihu have regional offices, and Pinggu has Yuyang regional office), huangsongyu There are 2 townships in xiong'erzhai, including 18 township level administrative districts and 273 villagers' committees. No. 7, Fuqian street, Pinggu District People's government.

geographical environment

Location context

Pinggu District, located in the northeast of Beijing, is 70 kilometers away from Beijing in the West and 90 kilometers away from Tianjin in the East. It is the link between the two cities. The geographical coordinates are 116 ° 55 ′ e ~ 117 ° 24 ′ e, 40 ° 1 ′ N ~ 40 ° 22 ′ n. It is adjacent to Sanhe City in Hebei Province in the south, Miyun District in Beijing in the north, Shunyi District in Beijing in the west, Jizhou District in Tianjin in the southeast and Xinglong County in Chengde City in Hebei Province in the northeast. The total area is 948.24 square kilometers.

topographic features

Pinggu District is high in Northeast and low in southwest. It is surrounded by mountains on three sides in the southeast and North, and the front of the mountain is a belt of shallow hills. The middle and South are alluvial plain. The mountainous and semi mountainous area accounts for about two-thirds of the total area, with 17 peaks at an altitude of more than 1000 meters. The middle and low mountainous areas account for 4.5% of the mountainous area in Beijing.

hydrology

Pinggu District belongs to the beisanhe river system of the Haihe River Basin. There are 32 rivers in Pinggu District. The Weihe River is the longest river in Pinggu District. It originates from Xinglong County, Hebei Province. It enters Pinggu District from luohanshi village in Jinhaihu area, Pinggu District, and enters Sanhe City from Nanzhai village, Donggao town. The Weihe River is 54.15 km long in Pinggu District. Other rivers are tributaries of He river. Ruhe River is the largest tributary of He river. It originates from glass terrace village, LuoYing Town, Pinggu District, and flows into he River at qianruiying village, Machangying Town, with a total length of 53.53 km.

climate

Pinggu District has a temperate continental monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, the longest in winter, the second in summer, and the shortest in spring and autumn. The annual average temperature is 11.7 ℃, the coldest in January, the average temperature is - 5.4 ℃, the hottest in July, the average temperature is 26.1 ℃. The annual precipitation is 629.4 mm, mainly in summer, which is 453.0 mm, accounting for 72% of the annual precipitation. The annual average sunshine hours is 2519.0 hours.

natural resources

mineral resources

There are more than 20 kinds of mineral resources in Pinggu District. 58 proved reserves. There are 79 ore deposits, ore occurrences and mineralization points, including 6 preliminary exploration, 4 detailed exploration, 13 general survey and 56 ore occurrences inspection. 21 places listed in the national balance sheet of mineral reserves. Zhenluoying granite reserves more than 30 million cubic meters, the national building materials department named "pingguhong".

Biological resources

The forest coverage rate of Pinggu District is as high as 57%, the forest coverage rate is 36%, there are 227 kinds of wild plant resources and nearly 100 kinds of wild animal resources. Among the 720000 Mu forests, 40% are economic forests and 60% are ecological forests. Big peach, walnut, chestnut, red fruit and pear are the five main economic trees in Pinggu.

Politics

population

By the end of 2019, the permanent resident population of Pinggu District is 462000, an increase of 6000 over the end of last year. Among them, there are 47000 permanent immigrants, accounting for 10.2% of the permanent population. Among the permanent residents, the urban population was 271000, accounting for 58.7%, 0.8 percentage point higher than that of the previous year. There are 234000 males and 228000 females, and the sex ratio (100 females) is 102.6. The permanent population density of the whole region is 487 people / square kilometer, 6 more than that at the end of last year. At the end of the year, the total number of registered residence in the region was 409 thousand, an increase of 2434 over the end of last year. Among them, the agricultural population is 180000, and the non-agricultural population is 229000. The birth rate of the registered residence population is 11.95 per thousand, the mortality rate is 5.71 per thousand, and the natural growth rate of the population is 6.24 per thousand. Household register

Chinese PinYin : Bei Jing Shi Shi Xia Qu Ping Gu Qu