Tong'an District, Xiamen City, Fujian Province

Tong'an District Tong'an District is one of the six districts in Xiamen City, also known as "Yincheng" (because the old county town looks like a silver ingot). It was established in the third year of Taikang (AD 282) of the Western Jin Dynasty, and soon abandoned. In the 19th year of Zhenyuan (803) of Tang Dynasty, Datong field was established in Nan'an county. After five dynasties, it was restored in the 4th year of Changxing (933). In the fourth year of Tianfu (939), Datong was promoted to Tongan County, belonging to Quanzhou Prefecture. In 1958, Tong'an county was assigned to Xiamen city. In June 1970, Tong'an county was assigned to Jinjiang District. In June 1973, Tong'an county was assigned to Xiamen city. The implementation of county governance is called "Yincheng" because the county is shaped like a silver ingot. In history, it once had jurisdiction over Jinmen and Xiamen islands, Jimei District and a small part of the eastern part of Zhangzhou Taiwan investment zone. After liberation, the administrative region had changed several times. In 1973, it was under the jurisdiction of Xiamen city. It was once the only county under the jurisdiction of Xiamen special economic zone. It was located in the center of Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Quanzhou Golden Triangle (Minnan Golden Triangle) open area. It was one of the earliest open counties in China's coastal areas. In May 1997, Tongan county was divided into districts. In September 2003, the division of Xiamen city was adjusted. The former Tong'an District was divided into two parts, namely Tong'an District and Xiang'an District. After adjustment, it is still the largest Administrative Region in Xiamen.

In 2019, the GDP of Tong'an District will be 55.123 billion yuan, an increase of 8.3%; the district level public budget revenue will be 2.567 billion yuan, an increase of 11.6%

Tong'an District is the largest administrative district in Xiamen. It is the famous hometown of overseas Chinese and the ancestral home of Taiwan compatriots. The total land area of Tong'an District is 658 square kilometers, connecting Xiang'an District and Jimei District, about 40 minutes' drive from Xiamen Island. The sea area around the East is located at the junction of Tong'an District and Xiang'an District. It is the northern city level center newly planned by Xiamen municipal government. On December 6, 2019, it was selected as the pilot unit of promoting the quality improvement of farmers' cooperatives in the whole county.

Evolution of organizational system

In 282, the third year of Taikang in Jin Dynasty, Dong'an County was established as Tong'an county.

In 803, four townships of Nan'an set up datongchang, which was the predecessor of the county.

After the Five Dynasties, in the fourth year of Changxing of Tang Dynasty (933), it was officially promoted to a county, with jurisdiction over 3 townships and 11 Li. It includes today's Xiamen market, Tong'an County, Jinmen county and Longhai.

Yuan, changed Li to Du, a total of 3 townships and 44 capitals. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the restoration of Li, and the addition of Fangli (county city) jurisdiction of two corners, a total of three townships 12 Li, two corners 44.

At the beginning of Chenghua, there were 37 Datong 53 maps with 12 Li and 2 corners in 3 townships.

In 1775, Min'an, Xiangfeng Erli and Tonghe 5th, 6th and 7th all set up maxiang hall. During the reign of Emperor Guangxu, the system of Baojia was changed to Baojia.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, Tongan county was divided into six levels: County, township, Li, Du, Bao and a.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), juemaxiang hall returned to Tong'an county.

In January of the third year of the Republic of China, Siming county was set up in xiaodadeng, Jinmen island and jiaheli. In the next year, Siming county was set up in xiaodadeng and xiaojinmen island. Therefore, after three years of the Republic of China, there were only three townships and 27 capitals in Tongan county.

In the 24th year of the Republic of China, Baojia was redefined. After that, the division and level of Baojia were changed many times. In the 36th year of the Republic of China, Baojia was stable to 2325jia in 150baojia of 13 townships, which was maintained until the liberation of Tongan in September 1949. Tongan County in Song Dynasty had jurisdiction over 3 townships of 33 Li, then 27 Li, and then 11 Li, namely Tonghe, Min'an, Xiangfeng, Jiahe (Suide Township above), Changxing, congshun, Ganhua, guide (Yongfeng Township above), Rende, Anren, Jishan (Mingsheng Township above).

After the founding of new China, in November 1953, Jimei township was designated to Xiamen. From March to April in 1957, 16 townships in aiguankou District belonged to Longxi County and Xiamen city respectively. In March 1971, Lianhe and xiasu, two brigades of Dadeng commune and Shijing commune in Nan'an County, belonged to Tong'an. Since then, Tongan county has been basically stable. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the system under the county level has gone through the changes of districts, townships, communes, townships and towns. In December 1996, the county governs 19 towns and farms (excluding improved seed farms), 18 neighborhood committees and 213 village committees. The area of jurisdiction was reduced from 1481 square kilometers at the beginning of liberation to 1078.55 square kilometers.

From Song Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, Tongan county was established as Quanzhou (Lu, Fu). At the beginning of the Republic of China, the Fu was abolished and changed to Xiamen Dao. In the 17th year of the Republic of China, Zhili was established in Fujian Province. In the 24th year of the Republic of China, it was transferred to the fourth provincial Commissioner's office until liberation. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, it has been subordinate to Jinjiang District twice. Since September 1973, it has been subordinate to Xiamen city.

In May 1997, the county was removed and divided into districts. In September 2003, the division of Xiamen city was adjusted. The former Tong'an District was divided into Tong'an District and Xiang'an District. After the adjustment, it is still the largest administrative district in Xiamen City, with a total land area of 658 square kilometers, under the jurisdiction of 6 towns, 2 sub district offices, 7 agricultural and forestry farms, 81 administrative villages and 44 community neighborhood committees.

administrative division

In September 2003, the division of Xiamen city was adjusted. The former Tong'an District was divided into two parts, namely Tong'an District and Xiang'an District. After the adjustment, it is still the largest administrative district in Xiamen, with jurisdiction over 6 towns, 2 sub district offices, 7 farms, 81 administrative villages and 44 community neighborhood committees.

Tongan District has 2 streets, 6 towns, Zhuba Development Zone, Fengnan farm, baishalun farm and 1 Economic Development Zone. At present, there are 81 administrative villages and 42 community neighborhood committees: Datong Street, Xiangping street, Lianhua Town, Xinmin Town, Hongtang Town, Xike Town, Tingxi Town, Wuxian Town, Fengnan farm, baishalun farm and Zhuba overseas Chinese farm.

geographical environment

geographical position

Tongan District is located in the southeast of Fujian Province. It is between 24 ° 32 ′ 35 ″ ~ 24 ° 54 ′ 46 ″ N and 117 ° 54 ′ 46 ″ ~ 118 ° 24 ′ 32 ″ e. it is adjacent to Anxi and Nan'an in the north, Nan'an in the East, Changtai in the west, Xiamen suburb in the southwest, and Jinmen island across the sea in the southeast. The terrain inclines from northwest to Southeast and falls in steps, forming a big horseshoe shape opening to Southeast. The highest point is located in the northern Yunding mountain, 1157.2 meters above sea level.

Tongan District is located in the center of the golden triangle of Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Quanzhou. It borders Anxi County and Nan'an in the north, Changtai County in the west, Xiang'an District in the East, Huli District across Tongan Bay in the South and Jimei District in the southwest. Tongan is an important transportation hub in the "Golden Triangle" of Southern Fujian. National Highway 324, provincial highway 205 and Fu Xia Zhang Expressway run through the whole area. Tongji Road, Jimei bridge, Xinglin railway bridge, urban expressway, Haixiang Avenue, Shen Hai expressway, Xia'an expressway, Fu Xia high speed railway and BRT build a half-hour traffic circle.

geological structure

The tectonic position of Tong'an area is located in the volcanic fault depression belt of East Fujian. Taking chentou maxiang miaoganshan as the boundary, it belongs to Fuding Yunxiao volcanic fault depression belt in the northwest and depression metamorphic belt in the southeast coastal continental margin of Fujian Province in the southeast. During 195-137 million years ago, the Pacific plate drifted westward and collided with the Eurasian plate. The oceanic crust subducted to the lower part of the continental crust, resulting in strong magmatic intrusion and volcanic eruption in the continental margin, resulting in local crustal movement. Affected by this, the strata in the area are mainly Mesozoic Jurassic and Cenozoic Quaternary, and the Mesozoic Triassic strata are exposed locally in the western region.

topographic features

The terrain of the area is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. Taking Xixi drowning Valley as the center, the middle and low mountains meander along the border area, and are distributed step by step inland, forming an obvious horseshoe shape terrain with a large opening to the southeast. The northern part is a hilly area extending from the south wing of Daiyun mountain, which is composed of late Jurassic volcanic rocks with an altitude of 700-1000 meters. The southeast part is hilly area and coastal platform with a decreasing altitude. In the territory, the mountains are crisscross, the hills are undulating, the rivers are cut and broken, and the terrain is complex. The highest point is Yunding mountain in the north, with an altitude of 1175.2 meters, and the lowest point is the coastal area of Xindian in the southeast. The trend of the main mountains is mainly northwest.

Climatic characteristics

The climate of Tong'an District belongs to the south subtropical marine monsoon climate, with warm climate, abundant rainfall, sufficient heat, cold in winter but no severe cold, hot in summer but no severe heat, cool and pleasant in autumn, warm in spring, sunny and rainy. The climate can be divided into three types: coastal, central plain, northern and northwestern mountainous areas. Taking Tongan suburban meteorological station as the representative point of low altitude area, the annual average temperature is 21 ℃, the average temperature in the coldest month in January is 12.8 ℃, the average temperature in the hottest month in July is 28.4 ℃, the annual average precipitation is 1467.7mm, the annual average sunshine hours is 2030.7h, and the annual average evaporation is 1685.2mm.

hydrographic features

In Tongan District, the streams are vertical and horizontal, the flow direction is different, and the water system is dendritic. Its development is controlled by two groups of NE trending and NW trending faults. The main rivers flow from northwest to Southeast, and their tributaries flow from northeast or south to Dongxi and Xixi, then to tuanjiedai and dongzui port. The total length of the county's main stream is 117.28 kilometers, with a total drainage area of 701.75 square kilometers.

The annual average runoff depth of the whole region is 600-1000 mm, decreasing from northwest to Southeast, and the runoff distribution trend is basically similar to rainfall. The annual average runoff depth of Tingxi and Lianhua in northwest is 1050 mm, 800-920 mm in the middle, and 550-680 mm in Xindian and Dadeng islands in southeast coast. Most of the runoff is from April to October, accounting for 79.1% to 88.6% of the annual runoff.

natural resources

soil

According to the identification of the second soil survey, the soil types in Tong'an can be divided into 6 soil types, 17 sub types, 28 soil genera and 40 soil species, including latosolic red soil, red soil, yellow soil, fluvo aquic soil, saline soil and paddy soil. Soil of the whole county

Chinese PinYin : Fu Jian Sheng Sha Men Shi Tong An Qu