Shangluo City, Shaanxi Province

Shangluo, a prefecture level city in Shaanxi Province, is located in the southeast of Shaanxi Province, at the southern foot of Qinling Mountains, and at the junction of Hubei and Henan provinces. It borders Lingbao, Lushi, Xixia and Xichuan counties and cities in Henan Province in the East, Yunyang district and Yunxi County in Shiyan City in Hubei Province in the south, Hanbin District, Ningshan and Xunyang in Ankang City in Shaanxi Province in the West and southwest, Chang'an District and Lantian County in Xi'an City in Shaanxi Province, and Tongguan, Huayin and Huazhou District in Weinan City in Shaanxi Province in the north. It is between 108 ° 34 ′ 20 ″ - 111 ° 1 ′ 25 ″ E and 33 ° 2 ′ 30 ″ - 34 ° 24 ′ 40 ″ n. It is 229 km long from east to west and 138 km wide from north to south, with a total area of 19292 square kilometers, accounting for 9.36% of the total area of Shaanxi Province.

Shangluo was named after Shangshan and Luoshui in the Han Dynasty, which refers to Shangluo (county) and Shang (county). In history, Shangluo Road (also known as Shangyu ancient road) was one of the main roads of Qinchi road. It was the "throat of Qin and Chu". It was an important traffic route from Chang'an to the southeast and other Central Plains. There are 5A scenic spots in Shangnan Jinsi Grand Canyon, Niubeiliang National Forest Park, Zhashui cave, Erlang temple, Fengyang tower, Dayun temple, Tianzhu Mountain, Yueliang cave, etc. Since 2010, the annual China Qinling eco-tourism Festival has been held in Shangluo city.

In 2019, Shangluo City governs one municipal district and six counties with a permanent resident population of 2.3791 million, realizing a GDP of 83.721 billion yuan, of which the added value of the primary industry is 10.340 billion yuan, the added value of the secondary industry is 37.691 billion yuan, and the added value of the tertiary industry is 35.690 billion yuan. In October 2020, it was rated as the national model city (county) of double support.

Historical evolution

According to archaeological findings, as early as the Paleolithic age more than one million years ago, there were activities of ancestors in Shangluo city. In the Neolithic period, along the Luohe River, Danjiang River, Qianjin River, Qianyou River and Xunhe River, the ancestors lived and multiplied here.

Xia, Shang

It belongs to Liangzhou and Yuzhou.

Western Zhou Dynasty (1046-771 BC)

It belongs to ruofang.

Spring and Autumn period (770-476 BC)

It belongs to Shangluo, Shangluo of Jin Dynasty and Chu Shang region.

The Warring States period (475-221 BC)

It belongs to the states of Qin and Chu. In the 29th year of King Xian of Zhou Dynasty (340 BC), Wei Yang defeated the Wei army and won a great victory. The Duke of Qin Xiaogong granted Wei Yang Shang the title of "Shang Jun" in the 15th City, so it was called "Shang Yang".

Qin Dynasty (221-207 BC)

After the unification of China by Qin Dynasty, Shangluo and Shang counties were established in 221 BC, including Shangzhou District, Danfeng County, Shangnan county and Shanyang County. It belongs to the capital, Xianyang and Guanzhong.

Western Han Dynasty (206-24 BC)

Shangluo and Shang (county) followed the setting of the Qin Dynasty, adding Huayang (now Luonan) County, which belonged to Sanchuan in the Qin Dynasty. The upper part of the boundary is from Luo to Qinling, and the lower part is from Shangdi to Shangnan and Danshui. The two counties below Shang county and above Shangluo county are roughly equivalent to Shangluo city. The two counties still belong to Hongnong County, which is under the jurisdiction of Sili Xiaowei department. The county area is equivalent to the south of the Yellow River, the west of Yihe River, Xichuan and Danjiang River Basins in Henan Province. Shangluo was named because it lived on Luoshui (Luoshui). It was Luoshui in the spring and Autumn period, Luoshui in the Warring States period and Danshui in the Qin Dynasty.

Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220)

Shangluo was changed to be the Marquis state of Shangluo, and was granted the title of Prince Zun. The governing place is still in ancient Shangluo, which is Xiaoyi ancient town village in Hanchuan Buddha's birthday park. In the 15th year of Jianwu (39th year), it was designated as "luohou state under the jurisdiction of jingzhaoyin". It belongs to jingzhaoyin, and is still under the command of Sili Xiaowei department. Its jurisdiction is equivalent to the east of Xi'an, Weinan and Shangluo areas in today's Guanzhong Plain. Yin Zhi was located in Chang'an and still led 10 cities, of which Shangluo and Shang counties were roughly the same area as Shangluo.

Three Kingdoms (220-265)

Cao Wei is located in the capital Zhaojun, Zhengshi five years (244 years) set up, governance in Chang'an, leading 11 counties. It is still called Shangluo county. Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei Dynasty, changed the word "Luo" to "Luo". Its jurisdiction includes Shangzhou District and Luonan district.

Western Jin Dynasty (265-316)

In the second year of Taishi, Emperor Wu of Jin set up Shangluo County in the south of Jingzhao, which was the ancestor of Shangluo Prefecture and city level system. It marks the end of the transition from the first cultural center to the second. It is located in ancient Shangluo (now Xiaoyi ancient town village in Hanchuan Buddha's birthday Park), lingshangluo, Shang and Lushi counties (Lushi now belongs to Henan Province), and now belongs to Sizhou (the jurisdiction includes the north, middle and west of Henan Province, southwest of Shanxi Province and Shangluo area of Shaanxi Province). The state government is located in Luoyang and leads 12 counties

The southern and Northern Dynasties (317-589)

During the northern and Southern Dynasties, China was divided and its administrative system was in chaos. Prefectures and counties are set up in the morning and abandoned in the evening, which are all complex. In the Southern Dynasty, which started from the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the overseas Chinese in the northern part of the area set up the prefectures and counties of Shangluo, using the place names of Shangluo to accommodate the people of Shangluo who moved to the south, including the Ba people of Shangluo.

The Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534)

It belongs to Luozhou. Jingzhou was set up in the fifth year of Taiyan (439), JuYang county was set up in the north of Shangluo County in the second year of Taiping Zhenjun (441), and Jingzhou was moved to Lushi in the third year of Taihe (479). In the 11th year of Taihe (487), he moved to Xiangyang, removed Shangluo County, established Luozhou in Shangluo City, and led five counties, among which three counties belong to Shangluo: Shangluo County, led Shangluo county and JuYang County; Shangyong County, led Shang county (jindanfeng county) and Fengyang County; Changhe County, led Nan Shang County, namely Shangnan county.

Western Wei Dynasty (535-556)

It is under the jurisdiction of Luozhou and Yongzhou. The government of Luozhou consists of Shangluo (now Hanchuan Buddha's birthday Park, Xiaoyi Ancient Town Village), Shangluo county (now Shangzhou District), JuYang county (now Luonan County), Shangyong county (now Shanyang County's northwest, Zhen'an County and Zhashui County's southeast), Shang county (now Danfeng), Shanyang Manchuan County and Shangnan county. The northwest of Zhashui is under the jurisdiction of Yongzhou.

Northern Zhou Dynasty (557-581)

In the first year of xuanzheng (578), Luozhou was changed into Shangzhou; Shangluo (today's Shangzhou city) was set as the governing body, leading Shangluo county (including Shangzhou, Shanyang and Danfeng; Shangnan 4 counties and zhenzha part of the region); JuYang county (today's Luonan land). At this time, Shangzhou new city is 30 kilometers away from the ancient Luocheng. The birth of the new town and the transfer of county and state-level governance to the new town. This is the beginning of the third military, economic and cultural center of this region, which was transferred to Xinzhou City nearly 800 years later.

Sui Dynasty (589-618)

In 583, Shangluo and Shangyong counties were removed and Shangzhou was retained; in 607, Shangluo county was restored and Shangluo county was still set up, leading Shangluo county (now Shangzhou District), Shangluo county (Shangluo is the former Shangxian county to Danfeng County, which was renamed Shangluo by Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty), Luonan County, Fengyang County (now Shanyang, Zhen'an County and the southeast of Zhashui County), Shangjin county (now Lake) The southeast of Daxing County (now the northwest of Zhashui County) is still under the jurisdiction of Jingzhao county. According to the book of Sui, the name of Shangluo originated from Shangshan and Luoshui. In history, Shangluo and Shangzhou were called. In the past dynasties, there were States and counties, or they were set up at the same time.

Tang Dynasty (618-907)

The first year of Wude (618) changed Shangluo County into Shangzhou, the first year of Zhenguan (627) was assigned to Shannandao, and the 25th year of Kaiyuan was assigned to Shannandao. Shangluo county was replaced by Shangluo County in the first year of Tianbao (742), and Shangluo county was replaced by Shangluo County in the first year of Qianyuan (758). Shangluo county was established as its governing body, leading Shangluo (now Shangzhou District), Shangluo county (now Danfeng and Shangnan counties), Luonan County (now Luonan), Fengyang County (now Shanyang), Qianyuan county (now Zhenan and the southeast of Zhashui County), and Shangjin county (now in Hubei Province). Today, the northwest of Zhashui County belongs to jingzhaofu.

Five Dynasties and ten states (907-979)

The administrative system of the Five Dynasties and ten states followed the Tang system, but due to the split and separate regimes, the territory of each country was not vast, so the first level of Dao was abolished, which was the second level system of prefecture (government) unified county. At that time, the eastern part of Southern Shaanxi experienced five periods: Houliang (907-923), later Tang (923-936), later Jin (936-946), later Han (947-950) and later Zhou (951-960).

In Houliang Dynasty, Shangzhou led Shangluo, Shangluo, Fengyang, Qianyuan and Shangjin counties; Luonan County was changed to Huazhou; and the southeast of Wannian county was jingzhaofu. In the later Han Dynasty, Shangzhou led Shangluo, Shangluo, Fengyang and Shangjin counties; Nanxian still belonged to Huazhou; Qianyou county (Qianyuan county was changed to Qianyou County in 949) and the southeast of Wannian County belonged to Jingzhao Prefecture. In the Later Zhou Dynasty, Shangzhou led Shangluo, Shangluo, Luonan, Fengyang and Shangjin counties; Qianyou and Wannian counties belonged to Jingzhao Prefecture.

Northern Song, Jin and Southern Song (960-1279)

In the Northern Song Dynasty, Shangzhou belonged to Shaanxi Road at the beginning and Yongxing military road at the later. Shangluo was set up as the governing seat, and Shangluo, Shangluo, Luonan, Fengyang and Shangjin were five counties. In the Jin and Southern Song Dynasties, Shangzhou belonged to jingzhaofu road. In the second year of Chunhua in the Northern Song Dynasty (1991), Wang Yucheng was demoted as the Deputy envoy of Shangzhou regiment training because he was accused of Xu Xuan by Ni Daoan. In the second year of Jin Zhenyuan (1154), Shangluo and Fengyang counties were reduced to towns and merged into Shangluo and Luonan counties; the southeast of Xianning county belongs to Jingzhao Prefecture; the northwest of Xunyang county (now Zhenan county) belongs to Jinzhou. In 1223, it was changed to Henan road. Shangluo county (Shangzhou District, Danfeng County, Shangnan County, Shanyang County and the south of Zhashui County) was abolished in the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (1264). Shangluo county was replaced by a state and named Shangzhou. This is the name of Shangluo County, county and organizational system named after Luodi, which ended after 1269 years (2

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