Zhumadian City, Henan Province

Zhumadian, a prefecture level city under the jurisdiction of Henan Province, is located in the central and southern part of Henan Province. It is located in the hilly plain area of the upper reaches of the Huaihe River. It is located on the third step of the national landform, across the eastern edge of Nanyang Basin and Huaibei Plain, and in the transition zone between subtropical and warm temperate zone. It covers a total area of 15083 square kilometers, and has jurisdiction over one district and nine counties. In 2019, it has a total population of 9227600.

Zhumadian is one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization, the core area of the founding activities of Pangu, the cultural ancestor of the Chinese nation, the hometown of Leizu, the wife of Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan, the weapon manufacturing center of the Warring States period, and the hometown of the CAI, Jin and Jiang families. There are seven forest parks in the city, including four national forest parks, with more natural and cultural landscapes. Zhumadian also has a large number of forest parks There are many cultural resources, such as the hometown of Liang Zhu, the tomb of Li Si, the Prime Minister of Qin Dynasty, the hexagram painting Pavilion of Fuxi, the iron smelting site of the Warring States period, the ancient city of CAI state of the Western Zhou Dynasty, tianzhongshan, Wuying tower, and Nanhai Temple, which was built in the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty (1522-1566).

In 2019, Zhumadian's GDP will reach 274.206 billion yuan, an increase of 7.4%. The added value of the primary industry was 46.792 billion yuan, an increase of 2.5%; the added value of the secondary industry was 110.190 billion yuan, an increase of 9.2%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 117.225 billion yuan, an increase of 7.8%. The ratio of three industrial structures is 17.1:40.2:42.7, and the per capita GDP is 38943 yuan.

In June 2020, it was selected as the first batch of national demonstration areas and projects for the construction of rule of law government by the Central Committee of the rule of law; on October 20, it was selected as the national model city (county) with double support.

Historical evolution

The origin of city name

Zhumadian's name first appeared in the Ming Dynasty. As an ancient town, it was built in the Tianshun period of the Ming Dynasty (1457-1464) and belonged to xiayibao of Queshan county at that time. In 1474, Zhu Jianze, king of Chongjian, granted runing the title and built a post station here. Since ancient times, it has been a place of convenient transportation, with officials passing by, merchants gathering, and courier shuttling. There are many inns and horse shops where people stay, so the name of Horse Inn comes from it.

In October 1974, an ancient tomb group of the Ming Dynasty was excavated in lichechang, Zhumadian town. One of the bricks engraved with the words "Zhumadian, Queshan County, runing Prefecture, Henan Province, the first year of Hongzhi of the Ming Dynasty" proves that the name of Zhumadian was established or confirmed at the latest in the first year of Hongzhi of Xiaozong of the Ming Dynasty (1488).

Evolution of organizational system

During the period of Xia Yu, there were caidi (now Shangcai County), Ludi (now Xincai county), Zhidi (now Pingyu county) and Baihuang's activity area (now Xiping County). Later, in Shangshu Yugong, Xiayu was divided into nine states, which belonged to Yuzhou. The Western Zhou Dynasty is divided into CAI state (now Shangcai County and Xincai County, governing today's Shangcai County), Shen state (now Pingyu county and the east of Runan County, the north of Zhengyang County, governing today's Pingyu Sheqiao), Jiang state (now Zhengyang and the south of Queshan, governing today's Tudian village, Dalin Town, Zhengyang County), Dao state (now North of Queshan County, south of Yicheng District, governing today's ancient city of Yicheng District), Fang state (now Suiping County, governing today's Suiping county) City), baiziguo (now Xiping County, governing the west of Xiping County), Shenguo (now Biyang County, governing Nanyang).

The rising new city of Zhumadian

In the spring and Autumn period, Chu, Jiang, Shen, Cai, Dao, Fang, Baizi and other states had jurisdiction over the region. In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (506 BC), Cai destroyed Shen, and later Cai, Dao, Jiang, Fang and other states were destroyed by Chu. Baizi also returned to Chu in the late spring and Autumn period.

During the Warring States period, most of the area belonged to Chu, and today Xiping County and Biyang County belong to Han.

In the Qin Dynasty, most of the region first belonged to Yingchuan (governing today's Yuzhou), Nanyang (governing today's Nanyang) and Chu (governing today's Jiangling), and then to Chen (governing today's Huaiyang) and Nanyang (governing today's Nanyang and now Biyang County). Within the territory of Shangcai, Xincai, Pingyu three counties.

In the Western Han Dynasty (206-8 BC), Runan County (Shangcai County and Pingyu county) and Nanyang County (Nanyang City) were established. Runan County is subordinate to Yushou governor's Department, with 37 counties and Hou states. It has 16 counties: Pingyu county (now North of Pingyu county), Yangcheng County (now northwest of Pingyu county), Xincai county (now Xincai county), guide county (now fogesi area of Xincai county), Fuyang county (now North of Xincai county), Anyang County (now south of Zhengyang County), Shenyang County (now Zhengyang County), and Yang'an county (now Yicheng area of Zhumadian City) Ancient city, Anchang county (now west of Queshan county), Langling county (now southwest of Queshan county), Ancheng county (now Southeast of Runan County), Yichun county (now southwest of Runan County), Fuyang county (now Suiping county), Wufang county (now Wencheng of Suiping county), Shangcai County (now Shangcai County) and Xiping County (now near Ludian of Xiping County). Nanyang County is subordinate to the Department of Cishi in Jingzhou, which leads 36 counties. There are two counties in Nanyang County: Wuyin county (governing today's yangce town in Biyang County) and Biyang County (governing today's pishui town in Biyang County). At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, guide County entered Xincai county.

After Wang Mang became emperor, Xincai county changed its name to Xinqian County in the first two years of Xinmang. In the first year of Jianwu (25 years), Xinqian county was renamed Xincai county.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220), the territory was under the jurisdiction of Runan County (now Pingyu county) and Nanyang County (now Nanyang City). Runan County is under the jurisdiction of 37 counties and Hou state. It has 16 counties: Pingyu county (now North of Pingyu county), Yangcheng County (now northwest of Pingyu county), Xincai county (now Xincai county), Fuyang county (now North of Xincai county), Anyang County (now south of Zhengyang County), Shenyang County (now Zhengyang County), Yang'an county (now ancient city of Yicheng District of Zhumadian City), Anchang county (now west of Queshan county) and Langling county County (today's southwest of Queshan county), Ancheng county (today's southeast of Runan County), beiyichun county (today's southwest of Runan County), Fuyang county (today's Suiping county), Wufang county (today's Wencheng of Suiping county), Shangcai County (today's Shangcai County), Zhengqiang county (today's Shandong Province) and Xiping County (near Ludian of today's Xiping County); Nanyang county belongs to the Department of Cishi in Jingzhou, with two counties in its territory: Wuyin county (today's northwest of Biyang County) Biyang County (now pishui Town, Biyang County). In the second year of Yongchu (108), Dingying county was set up between Xiping County and Shangcai County. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, it was abolished in Liu and Song dynasties.

During the Three Kingdoms period (220-280), the territory belonged to Runan County (governing today's Xi county) and Nanyang County (governing today's Nanyang City). Runan County belongs to Yuzhou (governing the southeast of today's Runan County), with 27 counties. It has 13 counties: Dingying county (today's Xiping County), Xiping County (today's Xiping County near Ludian), Shangcai County (today's Shangcai County), Pingyu county (today's Pingyu County North), Xincai county (today's Xincai county), Shenyang County (today's Zhengyang County), Anyang County (today's Zhengyang County South), Yichun county (today's Runan County southwest), and Ancheng county (today's southeast of Runan County), Langling county (today's southwest of Queshan county), Yang'an county (today's Gucheng Township, Yicheng District, Zhumadian City), Fuyang county (today's Suiping county), Wufang county (today's Wencheng, Suiping county). Nanyang county belongs to Jingzhou, which governs 27 counties. There are two counties in Nanyang County: Wuyin county (now northwest of Biyang County) and Biyang County (now pishui town of Biyang County). In 238, the second year of Jingchu reign of Emperor Ming of Wei Dynasty, Ruyin county (now Fuyang City, Anhui Province) was established, which belonged to Xincai county.

In the Western Jin Dynasty (265-317), there were Runan County and Nanyang state. Runan County belongs to Yuzhou. In the second year of Taikang (281), it was changed into Runan state, with 15 counties. There are 12 counties in the territory: Dingying county (now Xiping County), Xiping County (now Lvdian of Xiping County), Shangcai County (now Shangcai County), Pingyu county (now North of Pingyu county), Shenyang County (now Zhengyang County), Anyang County (now south of Zhengyang County), beiyichun county (now southwest of Runan County), and Ancheng county (now east of Runan County) South, Langling county (now the southwest of Queshan county), Yang'an county (now the ancient city of Yicheng District of Zhumadian City), Fuyang county (now Suiping county), Wufang county (now Wencheng County of Suiping county); Nanyang belongs to Jingzhou, with 14 counties, including 2 counties: Wuyin county (now the northwest of Biyang County) and Biyang County (now the pishui town of Biyang County). In the first year of Yuankang of Jin Dynasty (291), Ruyin set up Xincai County, governed Fuyang and led four counties. There were two counties in the area: Fuyang county (now North of Xincai county) and Xincai county.

The Sixteen States of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317-420 years) successively belonged to the later Zhao, the former Yan, the former Qin and the later Qin. Later, they were subordinate to the Eastern Jin Dynasty and were under the jurisdiction of Runan County of Yuzhou. In the second year of Daxing in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (319), after Zhao Dynasty, Xincai county was separated from Yuzhou, and was recovered by the Eastern Jin Dynasty the next year. The abolition of Xincai county belongs to Runan County of Eastern Henan. In the fourth year of Xianhe (329), after returning to Zhao, Xincai county was replaced. Qianyan, qianqin along it. In the eighth year of the Taiyuan Dynasty (383), it was returned to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Xincai county was merged into Runan County of Yuzhou. In the later Qin Dynasty, Xincai county was restored. After the death of the latter Qin Dynasty, it was still a dependency of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the 14th year of Yixi reign (418), the seat of Runan County was moved from Xi county to xuanhu city (now Runan County).

In the northern and Southern Dynasties (420-589), the construction and evolution were frequent. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Runan County, Xincai County, Chuan county and Suicheng county were set up in Yuzhou, and Nanyang County and Guangping county were set up in Yongzhou. Runan County (zhixuanhu, today's Runan County) leads 11 counties, with 8 counties in its territory: Wujin County (today's Shangcai County), Shangcai County (today's Runan County), Zhenyang county (today's Zhengyang County), Ancheng county (today's southeast of Runan County), Langling county (today's southwest of Queshan county), Yang'an county (today's ancient city of Yicheng District of Zhumadian City), Xiping County (today's Ludian County of Xiping County), Fuyang county (today's Suiping county); Xincai county (the county governs Fuyang) with 4 counties, 1 county in Xincai county (now Xincai county); 1 county in Chu'an County: Xinhuai county (now northwest of Queshan county); 1 county in Suicheng County: Anchang county (now south of Queshan county); 7 counties in Nanyang County, 1 county in Wuyin County (now northwest of Biyang County); 1 county in Guangping County: Biyang County (now pishui town of Biyang County).

In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Suicheng county was merged into Chu'an county and Xiangcheng County was added

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