Xinxiang City, Henan Province

Xinxiang City is a prefecture level city in Henan Province. It is located in the north of Henan Province, adjacent to the Yellow River in the south, Zhengzhou and Kaifeng across the river, Taihang in the north, Hebi and Anyang in the north, Jiaozuo in the West and Shanxi in the west, Puyang in the East and Shandong in the East, with a total area of 8249 square kilometers. Xinxiang City belongs to the North China plate. It is located in the Yellow River and Haihe river basins. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south. The Taihang Mountains and hills are mainly in the north, and the Yellow River alluvial fan plain is in the south. The plain accounts for 78% of the total land area of Xinxiang City.

In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, Xinxiang City was the capital of plain province. It was an important central city in Northern Henan, an important industrial city in Central Plains, one of the Central Plains Economic Zone and the core cities of Central Plains urban agglomeration. It was also the economic, educational and transportation center of Northern Henan.

Xinxiang City has a long history. Yangshao culture and Longshan culture have been preserved. It is one of the important birthplaces of the book of songs. The poems popular in ancient Xinxiang area account for a quarter of the national style. Major historical events such as the battle of Muye, Zhang Liang's assassination of Qin Dynasty and Chen Qiao's mutiny all took place here. There are 20 national cultural protection units and 19 A-level tourist attractions in the territory. As of 2018, Xinxiang City has jurisdiction over 12 counties (cities, districts), 1 urban-rural integration demonstration zone and 2 national development zones, with a total population of 6.1734 million and a permanent resident population of 5.7941 million. In October 2020, it was rated as the national model city (county) of double support.

Historical evolution

Place name source

The name of Xinxiang comes from Xinzhong Township, which was named Huojia County in the Western Han Dynasty. Xinlecheng was built in the fifth year of Taihe in the Western Jin Dynasty (370). In Shiji Zhiyi, it is said that "music is the name of village, and ancient Chinese characters are universal". Xinyue means new town.

Xinzhong appeared in the history of China. It was first seen in the records of the historian Chu family. In the second year of emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty (205 BC), Ji county was set up in Weihui, belonging to Hanoi county. Xinzhong is a township of Jixian County, namely Xinzhong township. In April of the fifth year of Yuanding (112BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent troops to fight against LV Jiamou, the Prime Minister of Nanyue (now Guangzhou). In the sixth year of Yuanding (111 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty visited Xinzhong Township and got the news that Lv Jia's head had been captured. He changed Xinzhong township to Huojia county. After the Sui Dynasty unified the whole country, Ji county and Huojia county were designated to form a new County in 586. The first and last two words of the original "Xinzhong township" were taken as the name of the county, from which "Xinxiang" appeared in the history books.

Evolution of organizational system

In Xia Dynasty, the whole city was the central area of Xia people's activities. It is said that in the age of Xia Hou, the ancient Fengfu state was in Fengqiu County. The famous battle of mingtiao in the late Xia Dynasty was held in Fengqiu. At last, Jie was defeated and Xia died.

In the Shang Dynasty, most of the city's territory belonged to the hinterland. At that time, there were mu (now Weihui City North), fan (now Huixian City Nanfan city), Ning (now Huojia County West), mingtiao (now Fengqiu County East), Fengfu (now Fengqiu County West), etc. King Wu destroyed Yin and divided the interior of Yin capital into three vassal states to supervise the people of Yin, known as "three supervisors" in history. That is to say, Guan Shu, the younger brother of King Wu, was granted Yongcheng (today's urban area, Xinxiang County and Weihui City), Cai Shu Wei (today's Huaxian county and Qixian County), and Huo Shu Ying (east of Tangyin county). After the death of King Wu, the "three prison" rebelled against Zhou, and the Duke of Zhou appeased the "three prison" and granted all the land to his younger brother Kang Shu. Uncle Kang lives in Wei (today's Qi county), and the territory of the whole city is Wei. At that time, the small vassal states and some small cities in the area included fan, Gong (today's Hui County and city), Yu (today's Dacheng village, 35 Li East of Yanjin city) and Fengfu.

In the spring and Autumn period, Xinxiang District, Xinxiang County, Weihui City, Huixian City, Huojia, Fengqiu, Changyuan and the north of Yanjin belonged to Wei, while the south of Yanjin and Yuanyang belonged to Zheng. In 632 B.C., after the war between Jin and Chu, the state of Jin gradually dominated the Central Plains, and the whole area belonged to Jin territory.

In the Warring States period, in 403 BC, Han, Zhao, and Wei were divided into Jin. Today, Xinxiang District, Xinxiang County, Weihui City, Huixian City, Huojia, Yuanyang, and Yanjin belonged to Wei, Fengqiu and Changyuan first belonged to Han, and then to Wei. After 266 BC, the territory of the whole city belonged to the Qin Dynasty.

In the Qin Dynasty, there were eight counties in the territory, which belonged to Sanchuan county and Dongjun county. In Sanchuan County, there are Xiuwu (now Jiahe Xinxiang district and the southwest of Xinxiang County), Ji (now Weihui City and the north of Xinxiang County, also in the east of Dongjun county), Gong (now Jinhui county), Juan (now Yangxi) and Yangwu (now Yuanyang). In the East are Zizyphus jujuba (now Yanjin, first Sanchuan, then Dongjun), Pingqiu (now fengqiudong), Changyuan.

During the Western Han Dynasty, there were 12 counties in the whole city, which were divided into 2 departments and 4 counties. The four counties that belong to he Nei county (the county governs Huai county) are Ji (now Weihui City and Xinxiang County), Gong (now Huixian City), Huojia (now Xinxiang district and southwest of Xinxiang County) and Xiuwu (now Huojia). There are Yuanwu (now Yuanyang), Yangwu (now Yuanyang southeast) and Juan (now Yuanyang West) counties in Henan county of Sili department. There are Fengqiu (part of Fengqiu today), Pingqiu (east of Fengqiu today), suanzao (Yanjin today) and Changyuan counties which belong to Chenliu county (Chenliu County of governor of Yanzhou). Yan (now the northeast of Yanjin city) belongs to the east county (county system of Puyang) of the governor of Yanchuan. Xinxiang originated from Xinzhong township of Huojia County in the Western Han Dynasty. Xinlecheng was built in Xinxiang in the fifth year of Taihe (370 A.D.) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It is said in Shiji Zhiyi that "music is the name of village, and ancient characters are universal", and Xinle is also the meaning of Xinxiang.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, except that the Department of Sili was changed into the Department of Sili Xiaowei, and the county of Henan was changed into the Department of Henan Yin.

During the Three Kingdoms period, the whole city belonged to Wei. There are 12 counties, which belong to 3 states, 3 counties, 1 Yin and 1 country. Ji, Huojia, Gong and Xiuwu counties first belonged to Si Zhou (Luoyang) and Hanoi county. In the early years of Emperor Wen Huang of Wei Dynasty, Hanoi county was changed from Chaoge county (Qi county) to Jizhou (Ji county of Hebei Province), and then the four counties were changed to belong to and returned to Hanoi. There are three counties in Henan Yin of Sizhou, namely, Jue (now yuanyangxi), Yuanwu and Yangwu. There are four counties, Fengqiu, suanzao, Pingqiu and Changyuan, belonging to Chen Liuguo in Yanzhou, and Yan in Yanzhou.

During the Western Jin Dynasty, there were 10 counties in the whole city, which were divided into 2 states, 3 counties and 1 country. Ji, Gong, Huojia and Xiuwu counties belonged to Ji county of Sizhou, and shiyoujuan (originally from wusheng) and Yangwu counties belonged to Xingyang County of Sizhou. Yanzhou Chenliu county is sour jujube, Fengqiu, Changyuan three counties, Yanzhou Puyang state is Dongyan (now Yanjin territory).

During the "Sixteen States" period, the whole city belonged to the former Zhao, the latter Zhao, the former Yan, the former Qin, the latter Yan and other countries successively. At that time, there were frequent wars, and the county divisions changed little, mostly along the Jin system.

During the Northern Wei Dynasty, there were 11 counties in the whole city, which belonged to three counties of Sizhou (Luoyang). Jijun is Jijun, Huojia, total, South Xiuwu (now Huojia) 4 counties. There are four counties belonging to Dongjun, namely suanzao, Nanyan, Fengqiu and Changyuan. Xingyang county is Yuanwu (Xiaochang restoration), volume and Yangwu three counties. In the first year of Wuding (543 AD), the Northern Wei Dynasty was divided into eastern and Western Wei, and the whole city was in the Eastern Wei Dynasty. There are 11 counties, which belong to 3 states and 6 counties. Ji County, Huojia county and nanxiuwu County belong to Jijun County of Sizhou (Zhiye, now Anyang City), and Gongxian County belongs to Linwu County of Sizhou (Zhilin county). Belonging to the East County of Sizhou (the old city of Zhihua county), there are three counties: suanzao, Nanyan and Changyuan. Liangzhou (Governance of Daliang) in addition to the remaining county has Fengqiu. Yujuan county belongs to Xingyang county. Yuanwu and Yangwu belong to Guangwu County of northern Yuzhou (zhichenggao). In addition, in the second year of Xinghe, overseas Chinese once set up Yizhou and Wucheng counties in Jizhou.

During the period of confrontation between Qi and Zhou in the Northern Dynasty, there were five counties in the whole city, belonging to three counties. There are Wucheng and Gongxian in Jijun county. Xiuwu County belongs to Guangning County, and Xiuwu County is transferred to Xiuwu County, where Huojia was abolished in the Northern Qi Dynasty and Xiuwu and Shanyang were abolished, and now Huojia and Xinxiang are included in Xiuwu County. There are Yangwu in Guangwu county (Xingyang was abandoned in the Northern Qi Dynasty, and Yangwu was abandoned in the former). Belonging to Dongjun, there are Nanyan (Fengqiu was abandoned in the Northern Qi Dynasty, and sour jujube came into Nanyan) and Changyuan. Later, Guangning County was abolished in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and Xiuwu County was set up in the south of Xiuwu County (now Huojia), and Yangwu county was changed to Zhengzhou.

During the Sui Dynasty, there were 10 counties in the whole city, which were divided into 4 counties. The counties that belonged to Hanoi county were Huojia (at the beginning of kaihuangchu, Xiuwu County was abandoned and renamed Huojia. Since then, Huojia refers to Huojia County today), Xinxiang (at the beginning of kaihuangchu, Xinxiang County was set up to govern xinlecheng), Gongcheng (in 586 ad, Gongcheng County was changed into Gongcheng County). Belonging to Dongjun (governing Baima County, now Huaxian county), there are Fengqiu, Huicheng (formerly known as Dongyan, renamed in 598), Changyuan (once known as Kuangcheng). Xingyang county is sour jujube, Yangwu and Yuanwu three counties. The two counties that belong to Ji county (the county governs Wei County, and now the east of Qi county) are Ji county (changed Wucheng to Ji county) and SuiXing county (now Ji County, which was established in 596 ad in the 16th year of kaihuang, and Yangyuan County in the early Daye period).

In the Tang Dynasty, there were 10 counties in the city, which successively belonged to 2 Dao and 7 Zhou. Huojia county is located in huaizhou, Hebei Province (the prefecture governs Hanoi, and once belonged to Duji in a short period of time), and Ji County, Gongcheng County and Xinxiang County are located in Weizhou (the prefecture governs Wei County, now Qi County, and moved to Ji County in the first year of Zhenguan). (in 618 A.D., Wude ruled Yizhou in Ji County, governing Ji county and Xinxiang; in four years, Yizhou was abolished; in Huojia, Yinzhou was established, governing Huojia, Xinxiang, Gongcheng and other counties; in 627 A.D., Zhenguan was abolished.) Belonging to Daohua prefecture (zhibaima, Huaxian county) in Henan Province, there are four counties, including juancheng, suanzao, Kuangcheng, Changyuan (Changyuan was abandoned into Kuangcheng in 635 ad, the eighth year of Zhenguan). Yuanwu county and Yangwu County belong to Zhengzhou, Henan Province, and Fengqiu County belong to Xunyi Prefecture.

Five Dynasties

Chinese PinYin : He Nan Sheng Xin Xiang Shi