Xuchang City, Henan Province

Xuchang, known as Xuzhou in ancient times, is a prefecture level city in Henan Province. It is a regional central city in the Central Plains urban agglomeration, a transportation and logistics hub city in the Central Plains Economic Zone, an important national advanced manufacturing base, and a famous historical and cultural city in the Han and Wei Dynasties. It is located in the middle of Henan Province, adjacent to Zhoukou City in the East, Luohe City in the south, Pingdingshan City in the west, Zhengzhou City in the north and Kaifeng City in the northeast, with a total area of 4996 square kilometers. It has jurisdiction over 2 districts, 2 cities (counties) and 2 counties, with a total area of 4996 square kilometers. By the end of 2018, the city's total population was 4.9824 million.

Xuchang, located in the Central Plains, has a long history. It is an important birthplace of Chinese culture and one of the core cities of the Central Plains urban agglomeration and Central Plains Economic Zone. Xuchang ancient culture includes prehistoric culture series, Han culture series, Three Kingdoms culture series, temple architecture culture series, Jun porcelain culture series, etc.

Xuchang city is 80 kilometers away from Zhengzhou, the provincial capital, and 50 kilometers away from Xinzheng International Airport. National Highway 311 and local railway cross the East and West. Beijing Guangzhou railway, Beijing Hong Kong Macao Expressway and national highway 107 run through the north and south. It is a regional political, economic and cultural center in central Henan, and plays an important role in the economic and social development of Henan Province. On December 19, 2019, Xuchang was selected as the national pilot area for urban rural integration development.

In 2019, the city's GDP will reach 339.57 billion yuan, an increase of 7.1% over the previous year. In October 2020, it was rated as the national model city (county) of double support.

Historical evolution

In the period of Emperor Yao, Xu Chang was called "Xu" in ancient times. It originated from the time of Yao, and was named after the Gaoshi Xu who cultivated here and washed his ears by the Bank of Yingshui.

In the Xia Dynasty, the capital of Yangzhai (now Xuchang Yuzhou) was built.

In the Shang Dynasty, there were Li (in today's Yuzhou City), Xiong (in today's Changge City), Kunwu (in today's Jian'an District) and Kang (in today's Yuzhou City).

In the Western Zhou Dynasty, the feudal states and cities distributed in Xu include Li (in today's Yuzhou City), Kang (in today's Yuzhou City), Xu (in today's ancient town of zhangpan Township, Jian'an District), Yan (in today's ancient town of Pengdian Township, Yanling County), etc.

During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, xudi was successively occupied by Zheng and Chu. They belong to Han, Wei and Chu. In the 17th year of the reign of the king of Qin (230 BC), Qin set up Yingchuan county and ruled Yangzhai (Yindi, now Yuzhou City). Yingchuan County governs 12 counties, including Xu county (now Jian'an District), Yangzhai county (now Yuzhou City), changshe county (now Changge City), Yanling County and Xiangcheng County.

In the Western Han Dynasty, in the sixth year of Gaozu (201 BC), Xu county was analyzed and Yingyin county was set up. Xu county, Yingyin County, Yangzhai County, changshe County, Yanling County and Xiangcheng County belong to Yingchuan county.

In the new dynasty, Yingchuan county was changed into zuozui County, Yangzhai County into Yingchuan County, Yanling County into zuoting county and merged into Xu county. Xu county, Yingyin, changshe, Yingchuan and other counties belong to the left team.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, in August of the first year of Jian'an (196), Cao Cao went to Luoyang, capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty, to meet Emperor Xian, and moved his capital to xuduxu county (now xuchangdong, Henan), the last capital of the Han Dynasty.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Wei was called Yingchuan County, belonging to Yuzhou. Jian'an District, Yingyin County, Yanling County and changshe county all belonged to Yingchuan county. Xuchang is one of the five capitals of Wei. In 221, Emperor Wen Cao Pi changed Xuchang County into Xuchang County.

The Western Jin Dynasty followed the Wei system. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the sixteen northern states were engaged in scuffles, and xudi was successively occupied by the later Zhao, the former Yan, the former Qin, the later Yan and the later Qin.

In the southern and Northern Dynasties, in the second year of Yongchu of Song Dynasty (421), Xuchang County was established. In the first year of Jingping (423), Xuchang County was razed to the ground by Zhou Ji, a general of the Northern Wei Dynasty. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Yingchuan county was set up to govern changshe (now the old city of Changge City). In the Western Wei Dynasty, Xuchang County (now the old city of Changge City) was established. The first year of Tianping (534) in the Eastern Wei Dynasty was changed to Yingzhou. In the seventh year of Wuding (549), Yingzhou was changed to Zhengzhou, and Yingyin (now Weidu District) was ruled. It led Yangzhai, Yingchuan and Xuchang. In the Northern Qi Dynasty, Yingyin county was incorporated into changshe, and changshe was the governor of Yingchuan county. In 581, the first year of Dading in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Zhengzhou was changed to Xuzhou and the changshe (now Weidu District) was governed.

In Sui Dynasty, Xuzhou was changed into Yingchuan County, which governed 14 counties, including Yingchuan (now Yu County), Changge, Xuchang, Qiang (now Yanling Taocheng), Yanling and Xiangcheng.

In the Tang Dynasty, in the fourth year of Wude (621), Yingchuan county was changed to Xuzhou. Yanling, Changge, Yangzhai and Xuchang counties belonged to Xuzhou. In the first year of Tianbao (742), Xuzhou was renamed Yingchuan County, belonging to Henan Province. The counties of changshe (now Weidu District), Changge, Yangzhai, Xuchang and Yanling belong to Yingchuan county. In the first year of Qianyuan Dynasty (758), Xuzhou was called again.

In the Five Dynasties, the Hou Liang Dynasty changed Xuzhou into Xuzhou Kuang army. Later Tang Dynasty, later Jin Dynasty, later Han Dynasty and later Zhou Dynasty all praised Zhou Zhongwu army.

At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Zhongwu army of Xuzhou was changed to Xuzhou, which belonged to the northwest road of Beijing. In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), Xuzhou was promoted to Yingchang Prefecture, which was under the jurisdiction of Beijing northwest road. Daguan four years (1110) praise state, Li Jingxi road.

In Jin Dynasty, Xuzhou was renamed as Xuzhou of Changwu army. It governed changshe (now Weidu District). Changshe and Changge belonged to it and belonged to Nanjing Road (now Kaifeng). Yangzhai county was upgraded to Yingchuan army, later renamed Yingchuan Prefecture, and then changed Yingchuan prefecture to Junzhou, also belonging to Nanjing Road. Yanling belongs to Kaifeng mansion on Nanjing Road.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Xu was still a state under the jurisdiction of changshe, Changge and Xiangcheng counties. Yanling belongs to Kaifeng Prefecture.

In the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1368), changshe county was abolished and merged into Xuzhou. Four counties, Changge county and Xiangcheng County, belonged to it. Both Xuzhou and Junzhou belonged to Kaifeng Prefecture. In 1575, Junzhou was changed into Yuzhou. At the end of Ming Dynasty, Li Zicheng's uprising army changed Yuzhou into Junping mansion.

In the early Qing Dynasty, Xuzhou and Yuzhou belonged to Henan Province. In the second year of Yongzheng (1724), Xuzhou was promoted to Zhili, and Changge belonged to it. Yanling belongs to Kaifeng Prefecture. In 1735, Xuzhou was promoted to Xuzhou Prefecture, and Linying, Yancheng, Xiangcheng, Changge, Mi County (now Xinmi City) and Xinzheng belonged to it. Both Xuzhou Prefecture and Kaifeng Prefecture belong to Henan Province.

During the period of the Republic of China, after the founding of the Republic of China, Xuzhou was changed to Xuchang County, Yuzhou to Yu County, and Changge County belonged to Yudong road of Henan Province. Yanling County is directly under Henan Province. In 1926, Xuchang was the second administrative region of Henan Province, ruling Xuchang (now Weidu District). Changge and Yu counties belong to the first administrative region of Henan Province and govern Zheng county (now Zhengzhou City). Yanling is directly under Henan Province. In 1932, Xuchang was the fifth administrative region of Henan Province. The office of the inspector general was stationed in Xuchang, which had jurisdiction over nine counties, including Xuchang, Yanling and Xiangcheng. Changge and Yu counties belong to the first administrative region of Henan Province. In May 1944, Changge, Xuchang, Yanling and Yu counties were successively occupied by Japanese invaders. In October of the same year, the Eighth Route Army entered western Henan, opened up Yumi new and Yujia Anti Japanese bases, established Yumi new office and Yujia Anti Japanese democratic government. In May 1945, the Hebei Shandong Henan troops of the Eighth Route Army opened up the Shuixi Anti Japanese base at the junction of Yanling and Fugou, and established the Anti Japanese democratic government of Yanfu county. In August of the same year, when Japan surrendered, Xu Changfu was the fifth administrative region of Henan Province under the national government. The office of the inspector general was stationed in Xuchang (now Weidu District), which had jurisdiction over nine counties, including Xu county, Yanling County and Xiangcheng County. Changge and Yu counties still belong to the first administrative region of Henan Province. In February 1949, Xuchang district (the Commissioner's office is located in the present Weidu District of Xuchang City) was established by the merger of the second district and the Fifth District of the administrative office of western Henan Province. It has jurisdiction over Xuchang City (the present Weidu District), Xuchang County, Changge, Yanling, Linying, Luohe City, Yancheng County, Wuyang, Ye County, Xiangcheng, Yu County, Jia County, Baofeng, Lushan, Linru, Fugou, Xihua, Shangshui, Pingdingshan and other counties and cities.

During the period of the people's Republic of China, in October 1954, Linru county was under the jurisdiction of Luoyang special region. In March 1964, Pingdingshan City was renamed as Pingdingshan special zone, which was designated from Xuchang special zone. In May 1965, Fugou, Xihua and Shangshui counties were assigned to Zhoukou district. In 1979, Wugang district was divided into Xuchang district from Pingdingshan City. In November 1982, Pingdingshan City was rezoned. In October 1983, Lushan, Baofeng and ye counties of Xuchang district were included in Pingdingshan City. On January 18, 1986, with the approval of the State Council, Xuchang district was abolished and upgraded to a prefecture level city, with jurisdiction over Weidu District, Xuchang County, Changge County, Yanling County and Yu County. Xiangcheng County and Jia County belong to Pingdingshan City. Wuyang County, Linying county and Yancheng County belong to Luohe City. On June 25, 1988, Yu county was changed into Yuzhou City. On December 14, 1993, Changge county was changed into Changge City. On August 25, 1997, Xiangcheng County was transferred from Pingdingshan City to Xuchang city. On December 11, 2016, the State Council approved the abolition of Xuchang County and the establishment of Jian'an District of Xuchang city.

administrative division

As of December 2018, Xuchang has jurisdiction over Weidu and Jian'an districts, Yuzhou and Changge cities, and Yanling and Xiangcheng counties. The municipal government is located at 1516 Jian'an Avenue, Weidu District, Xuchang city.

geographical environment

Location context

Xuchang city is located in the middle of Henan Province, with an area of 4996 square kilometers, 113 ° 03 ′ ~ 114 ° 19 ′ E and 33 ° 42 ′ ~ 34 ° 24 ′ n. It is adjacent to Zhoukou City in the East, Luohe City in the south, Pingdingshan City in the west, Zhengzhou City in the north and Kaifeng City in the northeast, with a total area of 4996 square kilometers.

topographic features

In the west of Xuchang City, there are low mountains and hills with the highest altitude of 1150M; in the East, there are the western edge of Huaihai plain with the lowest altitude of 50m. The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, and slowly inclines from the northwest to the southeast. According to the geomorphic origin and morphological combination, it can be divided into plain, mountain and hillock.

Climatic characteristics

Xuchang city belongs to the North warm temperate monsoon climate zone, with abundant heat resources, abundant rainfall, sufficient sunshine and long frost free period. Due to the continental monsoon climate, there are many meteorological disasters such as drought, waterlogging, wind and hail

Chinese PinYin : He Nan Sheng Xu Chang Shi