Fangchenggang City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

Fangchenggang City, city city of People's Republic of China, the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, is a city in the northern Gulf of Fangchenggang. It is a coastal city, a frontier city and a port city. It is located at the southwest tip of the mainland coast line, facing the southwest, facing Southeast Asia, the Beibu Gulf in the south, and the southwest border with Vietnam. The coastline is 580 km, and the land boundary is 100.895 km, which is north. It is the only ecological bay city with full sea view, known as the "gateway to the southwest and Pearl of the border". It is the oxygen city of China, the hometown of Jinhua tea of China, the hometown of egrets of China, the hometown of longevity of China and the second largest hometown of overseas Chinese in Guangxi.

Fangcheng Port was built in March 1968, as the main departure port of the hidden sea transportation route to Vietnam and the United States, and it was known as the starting point of the "Ho Chi Minh Trail on the sea". Fangcheng port is a good deep-water port in China, one of the 25 major coastal ports in China, the largest port in Western China, the main maritime gateway for Southwest China to the world, and a logistics platform linking China ASEAN and serving Western China.

Fangchenggang district was established in 1985, and Fangchenggang City was approved by the State Council in May 1993. As one of the core cities of Guangxi Beibu Gulf Economic Zone, Fangchenggang City has five national level reform and innovation platforms, including comprehensive financial reform pilot zone along the border, Dongxing national key development and opening up pilot zone, China Dongxing Vietnam Mangjie cross border economic cooperation zone, Dongxing border economic cooperation zone, and border tourism pilot zone. It is a national strategic gathering area and pilot zone. In May 2016, Fangchenggang was also listed as one of the comprehensive pilot areas for building a new open economic system in China. Fangchenggang City has a special important strategic position in China ASEAN Free Trade Area and Pan Beibu Gulf regional cooperation.

In 2019, Fangchenggang's GDP will reach 70.123 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 5.4%.

Historical evolution

In terms of history, Fangchenggang City evolved from Fangcheng and Shangsi counties. Fangcheng has a long history. As far back as the Neolithic age, some ancestors lived and multiplied on this beautiful land.

In the pre Qin period, this area belonged to Baiyue, which was set up by Qin Shihuang after the unification of Lingnan; in the Han Dynasty, it belonged to Hepu County, which was still under the jurisdiction of Wu from the Three Kingdoms to Jin; in the Southern Dynasties, it belonged to Songshou County, which was under the jurisdiction of Jiaozhou; in the Liang and Chen dynasties, it belonged to Anjing County, which was under the jurisdiction of Anzhou; in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it belonged to Qinzhou. In Song Dynasty, it was still under the jurisdiction of Qinzhou and began to be called "Fangcheng".

In yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was subordinate to Qinzhou or Lianzhou; in 1888, Fangcheng county was set up in the west of Qinzhou, which was subordinate to Guangdong.

From the period of the Republic of China to the beginning of liberation, it still belonged to Guangdong Province.

Fangcheng county was divided into Guangxi Province from 1951 to June 1955, and Guangdong Province from July 1955 to July 1965. In 1957, Fangcheng county was divided into shiwandashantong Yao Autonomous County and Fangcheng county. In May 1958, with the approval of the State Council, shiwandashantong Yao Autonomous County was renamed Dongxing Ethnic Autonomous County. In December 1958, after the merger of Fangcheng county and Dongxing Ethnic Autonomous County, it was called Dongxing Ethnic Autonomous County The county is located in Dongxing town.

In August 1965, Dongxing Autonomous County was put under the jurisdiction of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. In November 1978, with the approval of the State Council, the county was moved from Dongxing town to Fangcheng Town, and its name was changed to Fangcheng Autonomous County. In March 1985, the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Committee of the Communist Party of China and the people's Government of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region decided to establish Fangchenggang district at the prefecture level, under the direct leadership of the autonomous region.

On May 23, 1993, the State Council approved the abolition of Fangcheng Autonomous County and Fangchenggang district and the establishment of Fangchenggang City (prefecture level). The former administrative region of Fangcheng Autonomous County and Fangchenggang district was taken as the administrative region of Fangchenggang City, and Shangsi County in Qinzhou Prefecture was put under the leadership of Fangchenggang city. Fangchenggang City governs Fangcheng District, Gangkou district and Shangsi county. At the same time, the people's Government of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region decided that the former Dongxing Economic Development Zone (now a county-level city) should be under the leadership of Fangchenggang City and managed according to the department level system.

administrative division

Fangchenggang has jurisdiction over two municipal districts (Port District and Fangcheng District), one county (Shangsi county), and one county-level city (Dongxing City).

geographical environment

Location context

Fangchenggang City is located in the core area of Guangxi Beibu Gulf Economic Zone and the junction of South China economic circle, southwest economic circle and ASEAN economic circle. It is connected with the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and is the only city in China connected with ASEAN by land and sea.

Fangchenggang is located in 107 ° 28 ′～ 108 ° 36 ′ E and 20 ° 36 ′～ 22 ° 22 ′ n, south of Tropic of cancer. It is adjacent to Qinzhou City in the East and Beibu Gulf in the south. Dongxing City (county-level city) under its jurisdiction borders Guangning province of Vietnam. It is bounded by Ningming County in the west, Fusui County in the north and Yongning District of Nanning City in the northeast. The mainland coastline is 584 km and the border line is more than 200 km.

climate

Fangchenggang is located in the Beibu Gulf, with obvious characteristics of marine monsoon climate. In this area, the normal wind direction is NNE, the frequency is 30.5%, the secondary normal wind direction is southwest, the frequency is 8.4%, and the strong wind direction is east wind, the frequency is 4.7%. The harbor is surrounded by mountains with low wind speed. The annual average wind speed is 5 m / s, and the strong wind speed is generally 20 m / s. tropical storms occur once a year on average, up to three times, mostly from June to September, and the wind speed is generally 8-10. The duration of each storm is not long, up to 2 days, generally half a day to 1 day.

Fangchenggang is located in a low latitude area, affected by the sea and the Shiwandashan mountains, with abundant rainfall. The precipitation is mainly concentrated from June to September, accounting for about 71% of the annual precipitation. The annual maximum precipitation is 3111.9 mm, the annual minimum precipitation is 1745.6 mm, and the annual average precipitation is 2362.6 mm; the daily maximum precipitation is 244.1 mm, and the annual average precipitation of 25 mm is 26.5 days. The annual average thunderstorm days is 85.2 days.

There are less foggy days in Fangchenggang, about 10 days per year on average, 23 days at most and 4 days at least. Fog generally occurs in the early morning and night between the end of winter and the beginning of spring, the concentration is relatively thin, the morning fog generally lasts for 2-3 hours, and the sunrise fog dissipates. The average temperature over the years is 22.5 ℃, the highest temperature over the years is 36.5 ℃, the hottest in July every year, the monthly average temperature is 27.6 ℃ - 29.1 ℃, the lowest temperature over the years is 2.8 ℃, and the lowest temperature is mostly between the end of winter and the beginning of spring.

tide

Fangchenggang is a mixed tidal port. There are 6-8 days of low tide every month, which belongs to irregular semidiurnal tide, and the rest are regular diurnal tide. The large and middle tides are regular diurnal tides, and the neap tides are irregular semidiurnal tides. Its characteristics are: when the diurnal tide is significant, the highest tide level is 5.54 meters, the average high tide level is 3.82 meters, the maximum tidal range is 5.39 meters, the average tidal range is more than 4.5 meters, the rising tide is delayed for 15 hours, and the falling tide is delayed for 9 hours, which is conducive to scouring and silting channel; when the semidiurnal tide is significant, the tidal range is less than 1 meter, and the lowest tide is 0.79 meters. The annual days of tide level lasting more than 2 hours are 338 days for tide height of 2.8m, 315 days for tide height of 3M, 251 days for tide height of 3.5m, 140 days for tide height of 4m and 28 days for tide height of more than 4.5m.

trend

The current of Fangcheng port is mainly composed of tidal current, Fangcheng river and wind wave current. The main stream of Fangcheng Bay is Fangcheng river, which flows out to sea through niutouling along the west side of Yuwan Island, and the other stream flows into the Anbu river through the channel at the north end of Yuwan island. The average annual discharge of Fangcheng river is 58.7 m3 / s. due to the gentle riverbed, the wide drainage area of the estuary and the extremely slow flow rate, Fangcheng river only has some impact on the current in a few days under the influence of typhoon, and the rest of the time is calm with little impact on the current, that is, the current of Fangcheng port is dominant in the current. The maximum velocity of the rising tide is about 0.4-0.6 M / s, and the maximum velocity of the falling tide is 0.6-0.9 M / s. Outside the channel mouth, there is a counter clockwise gyrating flow near the sanyashi lighthouse, and the other parts are basically the same as the channel.

wave

Fangchenggang has two natural barriers, Qisha Peninsula in the East and Jiangshan Bailong Peninsula in the west, making the port calm. Only in the typhoon season from June to September every year, there are waves of magnitude 4-5, but the frequency is not much. Generally, the average wave height is 0.5m, the normal wave direction is NNE, and the frequency is about 21%, and the sub long wave direction is southeast, South and northeast, and the frequency is 16.4%, 15.4% and 12.8%, respectively. The strong wave direction is south south west, and the sub strong wave direction is South East. The maximum wave height generated during the storm is 7 meters.

natural resources

water resource

Fangchenggang City is located in low latitude and belongs to the south subtropical monsoon climate. It has a long time to blow the summer monsoon, and is greatly affected by the ocean hot and humid airflow. It has a long rainy season, abundant rainfall and rich water resources. Due to the topographic effect of Shiwandashan, Shangsi county has relatively less rainfall in the North (average annual rainfall is 1300 mm), while Fangcheng county has more rainfall in the south. It is one of the largest areas and rainstorm centers in Guangxi and even in China. The average annual rainfall is 2823 mm, and the average annual rainfall days is 176 days. In addition, 100000 mountains have excellent vegetation, and the water conserved by the forests has converged into more than 10 major rivers in the territory, with a total length of more than 400 kilometers and a total annual water volume of more than 8 billion cubic meters. The large drop, rapid water potential and large amount of water in the upper reaches of the river are not only conducive to power generation, but also conducive to irrigation. The middle and lower reaches of the river are generally flat and open

Chinese PinYin : Guang Xi Zhuang Zu Zi Zhi Qu Fang Cheng Gang Shi