Wulanchabu City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Ulanqab, a prefecture level city in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is located in the north of China and the middle of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, between 39 ° 37 ′～ 43 ° 28 ′ N and 109 ° 16 ′～ 114 ° 49 ′ e, 458 km long from east to west, 442 km wide from north to South, with a total area of 54500 square kilometers. It borders Hebei Province in the East, Xilin Gol League in the northeast, Shanxi Province in the south, Hohhot in the southwest, Baotou in the northwest and Mongolia in the north. The border line is more than 100 kilometers long. Wulanchabu Mongolian, translated as "hongshankou".

Beijing Baotou railway, Ji'er railway, Zhangji railway, Jitong Railway, Dazhun railway, Beijing Lhasa expressway, Beijing Urumqi expressway, Erlianhot Guangzhou expressway, National Highway 110, national highway 208 and human inter provincial passageway run through Ulanqab city. At the same time, Wulanchabu is an important birthplace of Dayao culture, Yangshao culture and Daihai culture, which is praised as "the place where the sun rises" by archaeologist Su Bingqi. Wulanchabu is rich in tourism resources, with ancient relics, forests and lakes, hot springs and volcanoes, and all types of grassland all over the territory.

Ulanqab is known as "cloud valley of Grassland", "summer resort city of grassland in China", "Three Gorges wind power city in the sky", "lucky grassland Shenzhou home", "potato city of China", "grassland skin city of China", "oat city of China", "yogurt City of grassland in China" and "the most beautiful health and leisure tourism city in China". In October 2020, it was rated as the national model city (county) of double support. In June 2017, Ulanqab was named the national health city by the National Patriotic Health Campaign Committee. On December 13, 2018, Ulanqab was selected into the list of agricultural products advantage zones with Chinese characteristics.

Historical evolution

In history, Ulanqab was an area where the Central Plains Dynasty and the northern minorities met and mingled.

During the Warring States period, most of Ulanqab was the territory of Zhao and Xiongnu.

After Qin merged the six states, Yunzhong County, Daijun county and Yanmen county were set up in the original Zhao state. After the death of Qin Dynasty, Xiongnu occupied most of the area, and established the central danyuting in Siziwang Banner in the Western Han Dynasty.

On the eve of the Northern Wei Dynasty, most of Ulanqab was occupied by Tuoba Xianbei.

In Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was under the jurisdiction of Turks and Sui and Tang Dynasties.

In the song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were northern ethnic minorities, including Qidan, Nuzhen and Mongolia.

In Yuan Dynasty, Jining road was established in Jining District, which became the origin of Jining.

Wulanchabu League was formed during the reign of Kangxi (1662-1722) of the Qing Dynasty. Four tribes and six banners of Mongolia, namely, one banner of Sizi tribe, one banner of maoming'an tribe, one banner of kalka right wing tribe (commonly known as darhanbeile banner) and three banners of Wulat tribe (former, middle and later Sangong banner), which were successively attached to the Qing Dynasty, first joined the league in Wulanchabu area of Siziwang Banner, where there are rivers, Its name is Ulanqab. It has a history of more than 300 years since it was named by river and its League by place name. In 1675, the four right-wing banners of Chahar entered the eastern part of Ulanqab. It is generally distributed in Shangdu, Xinghe, Fengzhen, Jining, Liangcheng, Zhuozi, chayouqianqi, chayouzhongqi, Chayouhouqi and Shangyi County (part) of Hebei Province.

In 1914, the six banners of Ulanqab League were under the jurisdiction of Suiyuan Special Administrative Region.

On September 17, 1928, after the Kuomintang Nanjing government changed Chahar, Suiyuan and other special administrative regions into provinces, Wulanchabu League was still under the jurisdiction of Suiyuan Province, and Fengzhen County, Liangcheng County, Xinghe County, Taolin county and Jining County under the jurisdiction of former Chahar Special Administrative Region were put under the jurisdiction of Suiyuan province. Chahar right wing zhenghuang banner, Zhenghong banner, Xianghong banner and Xianglan banner on the same land are still under the jurisdiction of Chahar province.

On October 27, 1937, under the planning of the Japanese and puppet regime, the Bayantala league office of the puppet Mongolian Xinjiang was established in Guisui (now Hohhot City), which governs Houhe and Baotou, Wuchuan, Guyang, Taolin, Liangcheng, Fengzhen, Jining, Xinghe, Salaqi, Tuoketuo, Qingshuihe, Helingeer, Guisui 12 counties and Tumet, Chahar right wing zhenghuang, Zhenghong, Xianghong, Xianghe Blue five. In the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940), Xi stri banner was established in Xilamuren (Zhaohe) and belonged to Ulanqab League. In 1945, Xi'an banner was abolished and incorporated into Tumet banner.

On September 19, 1949, with the peaceful liberation of Suiyuan Province, today's Ulanqab region was completely liberated.

On April 1, 1950, the people's autonomous government of Ulanqab League was established. The league's office was located in ulanhua (later moved to Baotou City and Guyang county), and it has jurisdiction over Siziwang Banner, Darhan banner, maoming'an banner, wulatexigong banner, Zhonggong banner and Donggong banner.

On August 11, 1950, the people's autonomous government of Ulanqab League was renamed "the people's Government of Ulanqab League autonomous region".

In October 1952, Urad Zhonggong (middle) banner and Urad Donggong (back) banner under Ulanqab League merged to form Urad Zhonghou United banner; Darhan banner and maoming'an banner merged to form Darhan maoming'an United banner.

In 1954, Xilamuren (Zhaohe) was transferred from Tumet to Damao United banner.

On March 5, 1954, Suiyuan province was merged with Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the organizational system of Suiyuan province was abolished, and the people's Government of Wulanchabu League was changed into the people's Government of Wulanchabu League, which was the first level local power under the leadership of the people's Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Under the jurisdiction of the flag (county) unchanged. At the same time, the office of Jining commissioner was changed into the people's Government of Pingdiquan administrative region. The central banner, zhenghuang banner, Xianglan Xianghong United banner and Taolin county were abolished. Zhenghuang banner was changed into Chahar right-wing Front Banner; blue and red inlaid United banner and Taolin county were changed into Chahar right-wing Middle Banner; central banner was changed into Chahar right-wing rear banner.

In September 1955, the people's Government of Ulanqab League changed its name to "Ulanqab League people's Committee".

In March 1956, Pingdiquan town was abolished and changed into Jining City (county level).

On March 10, 1958, Wulat Front Banner and Wulat Middle and rear United banner belonged to Bayannaoer League. On April 2 of the same year, the administrative system of Pingdiquan district was abolished. The counties and cities under its jurisdiction were officially assigned to Ulanqab League. The people's Committee (government) of Ulanqab League was changed into the administrative office of Ulanqab League and became the agency of the people's Committee of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. In May, Salaqi county was abolished and transferred to Tumet banner. Wudong county was abolished and assigned to Siziwang Banner, Chayouzhong banner and Zhuozi county respectively. Guyang county and Baiyunebo mining area belong to Baotou city.

On February 1, 1960, Tumet banner was put under the jurisdiction of Hohhot.

On March 31, 1962, Shangdu County under the jurisdiction of Hebei Province was assigned to Ulanqab League.

On February 21, 1963, Tumet banner under the jurisdiction of Hohhot and Guyang County under the jurisdiction of Baotou City were once again included in Ulanqab League.

On January 1, 1966, tumed banner was divided into tumed Left Banner and tumed Right Banner, and the organizational system of tumed banner was abolished at the same time.

On November 15, 1990, Fengzhen county was abolished and Fengzhen City was established.

In December 2003, with the approval of the State Council, Ulanqab League was officially established as a city.

administrative division

In November 1969, Sunid Right Banner, Huade County and Erlianhaote City were transferred from Xilin Gol League to Ulanqab League.

In July 1971, Tumet Right Banner and Guyang County, Tumet Left Banner and Tuoketuo county were respectively assigned to Baotou City and Hohhot city.

In May 1980, Sonid Right Banner and Erlianhot city were zoned back to Xilin Gol League.

In December 1995, Helingeer County and Qingshuihe County were assigned to Hohhot city.

In January 1996, Wuchuan County and Damao United banner were assigned to Hohhot City and Baotou city respectively.

As of October 2018, Wulanchabu city has jurisdiction over 1 municipal district, 1 county-level city, 4 banners and 5 counties: Jining District, Fengzhen City, Siziwang Banner, Chahar right-wing Front Banner, Chahar right-wing Middle Banner, Chahar right-wing rear banner, Liangcheng County, Zhuozi County, Xinghe County, Shangdu county and Huade County. The Municipal People's government is located at No. 18, Chahar West Street, Jining district.

geographical environment

Location context

Wulanchabu city is located in the middle of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, between 40 ° 10 ′ - 43 ° 28 ′ N and 110 ° 26 ′ - 114 ° 49 ′ E. It borders on Mongolia in the north, with a border line of about 110 km. In the northeast, it borders Erlianhaote City, Sunite Right Banner, Xianghuang Banner and Zhengxiangbai banner in Xilinguole League; in the East, it borders Kangbao County, Shangyi County and Huai'an County in Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province; in the south, it borders Tianzhen County, Yanggao County, Yunzhou District, Zuoyun County and Youyu County in Datong City, Shanxi Province; in the west, it borders Helingeer County and Qingshuihe County in Hohhot city County, Wuchuan County and Baotou City Darhan maoming'an United banner meet. It is 458 kilometers long from east to west and 442 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total area of 54500 square kilometers.

topographic features

From north to south, it is mainly composed of Inner Mongolia Plateau, Wulanchabu hills, Yinshan Mountains and hilly platform. Huitengliang, the eastern section of Daqingshan Mountain, which belongs to Yinshan Mountain range, runs across the middle part, with an altitude of 1595-2150 meters. The branches of Daqingshan Mountain, Manhan mountain, Matou Mountain and Sumu mountain, meander in the southeast of the territory. Traditionally, the southern part of Daqingshan is called Qianshan area, and the northern part is called Houshan area. Qianshan area has complex terrain, rolling hills, crisscross gullies and high mountains. The average altitude is 1152m-1321m. The main peak of Sumu mountain, the highest point in Ulanqab, is 2349m above sea level. In the north, the hills and basins alternate with each other, with different sizes

Chinese PinYin : Nei Meng Gu Zi Zhi Qu Wu Lan Cha Bu Shi