Jiaozuo City, Henan Province

Jiaozuo, known as Shanyang and huaizhou in ancient times, is a prefecture level city in Henan Province and a regional central city in the Central Plains urban agglomeration of China and the border area between Henan and Shanxi approved by the State Council. As of 2018, the city has four districts, four counties and two county-level cities under its jurisdiction, with a total area of 4071 square kilometers. By the end of 2019, the city's permanent resident population will be 3.5971 million, and the urbanization rate will reach 60.94%.

Jiaozuo is located in Central China, northwest of Henan Province, bordering on Taihang Mountain in the north, Jincheng of Shanxi Province, the Yellow River in the south, Zhengzhou and Luoyang across the river, Xinxiang in the East and Jiyuan in the West. It is a national famous "century old coal city" and old industrial base, a national intellectual property pilot city and a national new industrialization demonstration base.

Jiaozuo is one of the central areas of the early activities of the Chinese nation. There are Peiligang culture, Yangshao culture and Longshan culture sites. It is the hometown of historical and cultural celebrities such as Sima Yi, Han Yu, Li Shangyin, Zhu Zaiyu, Xu Heng and Zhulin Qixian Shantao and Xiangxiu. It is the birthplace of Chinese Taijiquan. It has three 5A scenic spots such as Yuntai Mountain, Shennong mountain and qingtianhe.

In 2019, the city's GDP was 276.11 billion yuan, an increase of 8.0% over the previous year. The added value of the primary industry was 14.98 billion yuan, an increase of 4.2%; the added value of the secondary industry was 148.02 billion yuan, an increase of 8.7%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 113.12 billion yuan, an increase of 7.5%. The per capita GDP is 76827 yuan. The ratio of the three industrial structures was 5.4 ∶ 53.6 ∶ 41.0, and the proportion of the tertiary industry was 0.4 percentage points higher than that of the previous year. Henan is the second most livable city in the province in terms of livability in 2019, and Jiaozuo is the secondary core city in Zhengzhou metropolitan area. In October 2020, it was rated as the national model city (county) of double support. In November 2020, it will be selected as the national health city. On November 20, 2020, Jiaozuo City won the title of the sixth "national civilized city".

Historical evolution

The Xia Dynasty belongs to Jizhou, known as qinhuaidi.

Shang Dynasty and Western Zhou Dynasty belong to the interior of the capital, and they belong to the Three Kingdoms of Yong, Han and Wen.

In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, it was in Nanyang of Jin Dynasty, and in the Warring States period, it was in Wei and Wei states.

The Qin Dynasty belongs to Sanchuan County, and the Western Han Dynasty belongs to Hanoi County of Jizhou.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it belonged to the Department of Sili, Hanoi Prefecture. The Three Kingdoms belong to Hanoi County of Jizhou, the state of Wei.

Jin is divided into Si Prefecture Hanoi County, Ji county and Xingyang county. In the northern and Southern Dynasties, it belonged to the prefecture of Si, Hanoi and Xingyang. The later Wei Dynasty belonged to Hanoi County, Wude County, sizhouji county and donghengnong county.

Sui belonged to Hanoi County, Ji county and Xingyang county.

Tang Dynasty belonged to Hebei Dao huaizhou Hanoi County, Heyang three city envoys Mengzhou, Henan Dao Henan Fu Henan County, Zhengzhou Xingyang county. The Five Dynasties belonged to huaizhou, Mengzhou, Zhengzhou and Kaifeng.

The Northern Song Dynasty was under the military system of huaizhou and Hanoi in West Hebei Road, Mengzhou in northwest Beijing Road, Fengning in Zhengzhou in West Beijing Road, and Kaifeng in capital.

Yuan belongs to Huaiqing road of Yannan river north, Mengzhou, Bianliang road of Henan Province.

The Ming Dynasty belonged to Huaiqing road and Kaifeng mansion of Hanoi.

Qing Dynasty belongs to Huaiqing Prefecture of Henan Province.

In 1913, Hanoi county was changed into Qinyang county. In 1927, the eastern part of Qinyang county was designated as Boai County. Jiaozuo City was established on September 8, 1945. It was changed to Jiaozuo County in March 1948.

On October 15, 1949, it was changed into Jiaozuo mining area and put under the leadership of Xinxiang administrative Commissioner Office of Pingyuan province. On November 15, 1952, Pingyuan province was abolished and Jiaozuo mining area was under the leadership of Xinxiang administrative Commissioner Office of Henan Province. On July 9, 1956, it was changed into Jiaozuo City, under the direct leadership of Henan Province. On December 1, 1959, Xiuwu and Boai counties were put under the leadership of Jiaozuo City. On August 15, 1960, Xiuwu and Boai counties were abolished and merged into Jiaozuo City; Wen County was abolished and merged into Qinyang county. On October 5, 1961, Xiuwu, Boai and Wenxian counties were restored, under the leadership of Xinxiang administrative Commissioner's office. On January 19, 1974, Jiaozuo City was under the dual leadership of Henan Province and Xinxiang region. In March 1982, Jiaozuo was designated as a provincial city. On September 1, 1983, Xiuwu and Boai counties were put under the leadership of Jiaozuo City. In January 1986, Wenxian County, Wuzhi County, Mengxian County, Jiyuan county and Qinyang county were under the leadership of Jiaozuo City. In 1988, Jiyuan county was changed into Jiyuan City. In 1989, Qinyang county was changed into Qinyang City. In June 1996, Mengxian county was changed into Mengzhou City. In 1997, Jiyuan City was under the direct leadership of Henan Province.

administrative division

As of February 2020, Jiaozuo has four districts, four counties and two county-level cities under its jurisdiction, namely, Jiefang, Shanyang, zhongzhan and Macun, and six counties (cities) including Qinyang, Mengzhou, Wenxian, Boai, Wuzhi and Xiuwu, as well as Jiaozuo new area.

On October 22, 2015, Jiaozuo high tech Industrial Development Zone was officially upgraded to the national high tech Industrial Development Zone.

geographical environment

Location context

Jiaozuo is located in the northwest of Henan Province, with Taihang in the north and Yellow River in the south, covering a total area of 4071 square kilometers.

landforms

Jiaozuo City is a natural groundwater collecting basin. The vast area of 1400 square kilometers in the northern mountainous area and the southeast mountainous area of Shanxi Province is the recharge area of Jiaozuo groundwater. Under the control of complex geological structure, the shallow groundwater and part of precipitation in these areas converge to Jiaozuo City, forming a relatively rich karst water resource. The proven groundwater reserve is 3.54 billion cubic meters.

In the southern foot of Taihang Mountain in the north of Jiaozuo, there are about 500 square kilometers of Piedmont hillock and gravel inclined flat land. The geology is hard and stable, and the stratum endurance is huge. It is close to the mineral resources, water sources, transportation trunk lines and towns. It is an ideal industrial land, and it is also very suitable for the construction of high-rise buildings.

hydrology

Jiaozuo is a water rich area in North China with abundant surface water resources. There are many rivers in Jiaozuo. There are 23 rivers with a drainage area of more than 100 square kilometers, including YinQin canal and Guangli canal. There are Qunying reservoir, qingtianhe reservoir, Baiqiang reservoir, Shunjian reservoir and other large reservoirs. The middle route of South to north water diversion project passes through the central urban area obliquely.

climate

Jiaozuo City has a temperate monsoon climate with sufficient sunshine, cold winter and hot summer, warm spring and cool autumn. It has four distinct seasons. The annual average temperature is 12.8 ° c-14.8 ° C, the hottest in July, the monthly average temperature is 27-28 ° C, the coldest in January, the monthly average temperature is - 3-1 ° C, the highest in history is 43.6 ° C (< I > June 22, 1966 < / I >), and the lowest in history is - 22.4 ° C (< I > February 1, 1990 < / I >).

natural resources

water resource

There are 23 rivers with a drainage area of more than 100 square kilometers, including YinQin canal and Guangli canal. There are Qunying reservoir, qingtianhe reservoir, Baiqiang reservoir, Shunjian reservoir and other large reservoirs with abundant surface water resources. Jiaozuo City is also a natural groundwater gathering basin with proven groundwater reserves of 3.54 billion cubic meters. The Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion also passes through Jiaozuo, and abundant water resources are rare in the central and western regions.

mineral resources

Jiaozuo has a large variety of mineral resources, large reserves and good quality. Through the general survey, there are more than 40 kinds of mineral resources, accounting for 25% of the total mineral resources found in Henan Province. More than 20 kinds of proven reserves are coal, limestone, bauxite, refractory clay and pyrite. The coal field starts from Xiuwu in the East, ends at Boai in the West and ends at Wuzhi in the south. It is 65 km long from east to west and 20 km wide from north to south, with a total reserve of 3.24 billion tons, It is a single high-quality anthracite (calorific value: 5500-6700 kcal / kg, sulfur content: 0.5-0.8%, volatile matter: 8-9%, ash content: 22-27%). It is an ideal raw material for chemical industry and iron and steel industry. Refractory clay is mainly distributed in the south side of Taihang Mountain on the first line from Xiuwu to Qinyang. It is shallow buried and easy to be mined. Its fire resistance reaches 1650 ~ 1770 ℃. It is a high-quality raw material for producing ceramics and refractories The reserves are 46.869 million tons, accounting for 9.5% of the total reserves in Henan Province.

Iron ore is mainly distributed in Jiaozuo and Qinyang, with 27.26 million tons of reserves and 7.406 million tons of industrial reserves, mainly magnetite, with 32% iron content; pyrite has 34.755 million tons of reserves, accounting for 41% of the province's reserves, with a grade of about 16-20%. It is mainly located in Fengfeng mining area, with a length of 3000 meters and a width of 300-600 meters; limestone is widely distributed and has large reserves, with an industrial reserve of 3.3 billion With a potential reserve of 10 billion tons and a stable thickness of more than 30 meters, it contains 52-54% Cao, mainly distributed in the northern mountainous area, covering an area of 500 square kilometers. It is a high-quality raw material for the production of soda ash, acetylene, cement and other products. In addition, Jiaozuo also has copper, iron, quartz, marble, aluminum, zinc, phosphorus, antimony and other mineral resources.

land resource

Jiaozuo area has a wide range of landforms, from north to south, including mountains, hills, plains and beaches. The developed and utilized land resources of the whole city are divided into four categories: cultivated land, woodland, grassland, industrial and traffic construction land. Among them, the cultivated land area is 2.579 million mu, and there are about 500 square kilometers of Piedmont hillock and gravel inclined flat land in the territory. The geology is hard and stable, the stratum endurance is huge, the engineering geology and regional qualitative are good, and it is close to mining spots, water sources, transportation trunk lines and towns Industrial land in the city.

Biological resources

There are abundant animal and plant resources. There are more than 190 kinds of wild animals such as macaques, leopards, tigers, roe deer, Swertia deer, foxes, and Qingyang, among which more than 20 are rare animals under state protection. Jiaozuo is a deciduous vegetation area in North China, with 875 species of woody plants belonging to 143 families and 469 species of herbaceous plants belonging to 69 families. It is a rare tree species protected by the state, including Taxus chinensis, Lianxiang tree, Shanbai tree, Ginkgo biloba, Eucommia ulmoides, Pterocarpus tatarinowii, etc. the main food crops are wheat, corn, etc

Chinese PinYin : He Nan Sheng Jiao Zuo Shi