Sanmenxia City, Henan Province

Sanmenxia, a prefecture level city under the jurisdiction of Henan Province, is located in the southern Golden Triangle of the Yellow River at the junction of Henan, Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces. Its landform is mainly mountainous, hilly and Loess Plateau, belonging to the warm temperate continental monsoon semi-arid climate. It covers a total area of 10496 square kilometers, and has jurisdiction over 2 districts, 2 counties and 2 county-level cities. In 2019, it has a permanent resident population of 2276500.

Sanmenxia is known as "five mountains, four mountains and one division of Sichuan". It connects Guanzhong in the west, Sanjin in the north, and Zhongyuan in the East. Longhai railway, Lianhuo expressway, national highway 310, Zhengzhou Xi'an high-speed railway run through the East and West. National Highway 209, Sanmenxia Xi (Sichuan) Expressway and Haoji railway connect the north and south. It is a regional transportation hub connecting Henan, Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces city. At the same time, Yangshao culture, Taoist culture and Guo culture all originated here.

In October 2020, it was rated as the national model city (county) of double support.

In 2020, Sanmenxia's annual GDP will reach 145.07 billion yuan, an increase of 3.1% over the previous year at comparable prices. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 14.69 billion yuan, an increase of 2.8%; the added value of the secondary industry was 68.73 billion yuan, an increase of 3.4%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 61.65 billion yuan, an increase of 2.7%.

Historical evolution

It is said that Dayu controlled the flood by chopping the mountain into Three Gorges of "Renmen", "Shenmen" and "Guimen" with a magic axe, leading the water of the Yellow River to the East, hence the name of Sanmenxia. Jurisdiction is located in the foot of the Qinling Mountains, ancient Xiongguan Hangu pass stands in the territory. In ancient times, Gushan and Hanguguan were called "Gushan" plug, and Sanmenxia was also called "Gushan".

Six thousand years ago, there were large clans.

From the 21st century to the 13th century, it was the central area ruled by the Xia and Shang Dynasties.

In the Western Zhou Dynasty, it belonged to the state of Jiao and Guo.

The spring and Autumn period first belonged to Guo and then to Jin.

Warring States period belongs to Han, Qin and Wei.

Qin belongs to Sanchuan county.

Han belongs to Hongnong county.

The Three Kingdoms belong to hengnong County of Wei state.

Jin belongs to Hongnong county.

The establishment of Shanzhou in the Northern Wei Dynasty lasted until the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

During the period of the Republic of China, it first belonged to western Henan Road and Heluo Road, and then changed to the 11th administrative supervision area of Henan Province.

Before and after the founding of the people's Republic of China, there was a Shanzhou Commissioner's office. In 1952, Shanzhou special office merged with Luoyang special office. In March 1957, the State Council approved the establishment of Sanmenxia City, under the direct jurisdiction of Henan Province. In 1961, Sanmenxia City was reduced from prefecture level city to county level city. In 1986, with the approval of the State Council, Sanmenxia City was upgraded to prefecture level city again. On March 6, 2015, according to the reply of the State Council on Approving the adjustment of some administrative divisions of Sanmenxia City in Henan Province, some administrative divisions of Sanmenxia City were adjusted. Shaanxi county was abolished and Shanzhou District of Sanmenxia City was established. The former administrative region of Shaanxi county was the administrative region of Shanzhou District. The government of Shanzhou district was stationed at No. 18, Shanzhou Avenue, Daying Town.

administrative division

By 2018, Sanmenxia City has jurisdiction over 2 districts (Hubin District and shaanzhou District), 2 cities (Lingbao City and Yima City), 2 counties (Lushi County and Mianchi County), 6 counties (cities and districts), 62 townships (towns) (33 townships and 29 towns), 1363 villages, 12 streets and 135 communities. The Municipal People's government is located at No. 47, middle Gushan Road, Hubin District.

geographical environment

Location context

Sanmenxia City is located in the west of Henan Province, between 33 ° 31 ′ 24 ″～ 35 ° 05 ′ 48 ″ N and 110 ° 21 ′ 42 ″～ 112 ° 01 ′ 24 ″ E. Sanmenxia City is located in the South Golden Triangle of Yellow River at the junction of Henan, Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces. It is adjacent to Xin'an County of Luoyang City in the northeast, Yiyang County and Luoning County of Luoyang City in the East, Luanchuan County of Luoyang City in the southeast, Xixia County of Nanyang City in the south, and Luonan County of Shangluo region of Shaanxi Province in the southwest County, Danfeng County and Shangnan county are connected; the west is bounded by Tongguan County, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province; the north is separated by the Yellow River and faces Ruicheng County, Pinglu county and Yuanqu County, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province. Sanmenxia City is 153 km from east to west, 132 km from north to south, with a total area of 10496 square kilometers.

topographic features

Sanmenxia City is located in the intersection zone of the East extension of Qinling Mountains and Funiu Mountain, Xiong'er mountain and Gu mountain, with an average altitude of 300-1500 meters. The landforms are mainly mountainous, hilly and Loess Plateau, with an area of 5750 square kilometers in mountainous area, 3777 square kilometers in hilly area and 969 square kilometers in Sichuan plain, accounting for 54.8%, 36% and 9.2% of the total area respectively. Sanmenxia City has a variety of landforms, known as "five mountains, four tombs and one branch of Sichuan". Laoyachanao peak, 2413.8 meters above sea level, is the highest peak in Henan Province. Laoyachanao mountain area has been opened up as Xiaoqinling National Nature Reserve. Sanmenxia City is located on the terrace of the South Bank of the Yellow River. It faces water on three sides and looks like a peninsula.

climate

Sanmenxia City belongs to warm temperate continental monsoon semi-arid climate. The climate here is pleasant, with four distinct seasons. The annual average temperature is 14.2 ℃, the annual rainfall is generally 400 mm-700 mm, the frost free period is 215 days, and the annual sunshine time is about 2051.6 hours.

hydrology

There are many rivers in Sanmenxia City. There are 3107 rivers in Sanmenxia City, which belong to the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. The Yellow River basin covers an area of 9376 square kilometers, accounting for 89.3% of the city's total area. Tongguan County, the main stream of the Yellow River, enters Lingbao City in the East, and flows through 16 towns (cities and districts) in Lingbao, Shanzhou, Hubin and Mianchi, with a total length of 225 kilometers. The largest peak flow in history reached 36000 cubic meters per second (1843). The Yangtze River system is mainly composed of Laoguan River, Qi River and its tributaries in the South and southeast of Lushi County, with a drainage area of 1120 square kilometers, accounting for 10.7% of the total area. In addition to the Yellow River, there are 33 rivers with a drainage area of more than 100 square kilometers, including 11 in Lingbao City, 5 in Shanzhou District, 3 in Mianchi County and 14 in Lushi County.

natural resources

mineral resources

Sanmenxia City is rich in mineral resources. 413 ore producing areas have been found, including 27 large deposits, 56 medium deposits and 320 small and below deposits. 66 kinds of mineral resources have been discovered, and 50 kinds of reserves have been submitted, mainly including precious metal, black, non-ferrous, rare (scattered), radioactive and other metallic minerals, as well as non-metallic minerals such as metallurgical auxiliary raw materials, fuel, chemical raw materials. "Yellow (gold), white (bauxite) and black (coal)" are the three dominant minerals. A total of 52 rock gold mining areas have been found, with 605.42 tons of gold resources and 226.96 tons of reserves; bauxite is mainly distributed in Mianchi County and Shanzhou District, with 44 ore producing areas, with 479 million tons of ores and 440 million tons of reserves; coal is mainly distributed in Yima City and Shanzhou District, with 28 coal fields and mining areas identified. The total identified resource reserves are 1.487 billion tons, and the retained resource reserves are 1.041 billion tons.

plant resources

There are 144 families, 780 genera and 2100 species of vascular plants in Sanmenxia City. Rare tree species mainly include linchunmu, wangchunhua, hemlock, lianxiangshu, wenmu, Taxus chinensis, Tilia amurensis, longxumu, Fraxinus mandshurica, etc. There are more than 1300 kinds of plants belonging to more than 600 genera. The main types of fiber plants are Pueraria lobata, Boehmeria nivea, Rhizoma broussonetiae, Tilia bassiana, Apocynum venetum, Periploca, genkwa, Jatropha curcas, mulberry, Eulaliopsis binata, Populus davidiana, Zizhi, elm, white grass, Acorus tatarinowii, Podocarpus Saberi and Quercus variabilis. There are a large amount of starch plant resources, mainly including Quercus fruit, cauliflower root, Akebia trifoliata, tuber apple, Robinia pseudoacacia leaf and guideng. The wild fruit plant resources mainly include kiwifruit, Vitis amurensis, hawthorn, Schisandra chinensis, wild cherry and strawberry.

Animal resources

In addition to domestic animals, there are more than 140 kinds of wild terrestrial vertebrates in Sanmenxia. Among them, there are 20 species of reptiles, more than 70 species of birds, 42 species of mammals, and 8 species of amphibians, such as Bufo gargarizans, Rana nigromaculata, soft shelled turtle, gecko without web, red chain snake, abdominal snake, Caragana korshinskii, partridge, fire dove, long eared owl, Kestrel, woodpecker, Qingyang, musk deer, muntjac, wolf, jackal, raccoon dog, honey dog, leopard, badger, weasel, flying squirrel, wild boar, grass rabbit, northeast zokor . Sumen antelope is the first class protected animal in China. Giant salamander, swan, bean goose, ring necked pheasant, mandarin duck and otter are the second class protected animals in China.

population

By the end of 2019, Sanmenxia has a total population of 2.385 million and a permanent resident population of 2.2765 million, with an urbanization rate of 57.70%, 1.41 percentage points higher than that of the previous year. In the whole year, the birth rate of the whole city was 9.68 ‰, the death rate was 6.44 ‰, and the natural growth rate was 3.24 ‰.

In addition to the Han nationality, there are 32 ethnic minorities in Sanmenxia, namely Hui, Uygur, Mongolian, Manchu, Zhuang, Korean, Tibetan, Miao, Yi, Buyi, Dong, Bai, Tujia, Hani, Qiang, Dai, Li, she, Naxi, Maonan, Xibo, Tu, Shui, Yao, WA, Gaoshan, Kazak and Tajik They are Daur, Russian, Ewenki and Dulong.

Politics

Economics

overview

In 2019, Sanmenxia's GDP will reach 144.382 billion yuan, an increase of 7.5% over the previous year at comparable prices. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 13.618 billion yuan, an increase of 3.8%; the added value of the secondary industry was 70.488 billion yuan, an increase of 8.5%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 60.276 billion yuan, an increase of 7.0%. 4:48.8:41

Chinese PinYin : He Nan Sheng San Men Xia Shi