Jining City, Shandong Province

Jining Jining, a prefecture level city under the jurisdiction of Shandong Province, is located in the southwest of Shandong Province, adjacent to Linyi City in the East, Heze City in the west, Zaozhuang City and Xuzhou City in Jiangsu Province in the south, and Tai'an City in the north. It is one of the central cities of Huaihai economic zone approved by Shandong provincial government, a famous historical and cultural city and a waterfront eco-tourism city. Jining has a warm temperate monsoon climate with a total area of 11187 square kilometers and a permanent population of 8.356 million in 2019.

Jining has a long history and culture. It is one of the important birthplaces of Dongyi culture, Chinese civilization, Confucian culture, Water Margin culture and canal culture. Confucius, the founder of Confucianism, Mencius, Yan Hui and Zuo Qiuming were all born here. During the yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Grand Canal promoted the prosperity of Jining's commodity economy and made Jining an important industrial and commercial city along the Grand Canal.

The 11 counties and districts of Jining City are rich in human tourism resources. Qufu Confucius Temple, Confucius Mansion and Confucius forest and the Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal are listed in the world heritage list by UNESCO. There are 19 national key cultural relics protection units, including Mengmiao, Mengfu, shuipoliang mountain, Weishan Lake, Baoxiang temple, Yishan, SHAOHAO mausoleum, and four national forest parks. It has Qufu Normal University, Jining Medical College and other universities, as well as the Confucius Institute, the world Confucian research and exchange center. In October 2018, it won the title of "National Forest City". On October 20, 2020, it was rated as the national model city (county) of double support.

In 2019, the per capita GDP will reach 52331 yuan (converted to 7585.85 US dollars according to the annual average exchange rate).

In 2020, the GDP of Jining City will reach 449.431 billion yuan, an increase of 3.6% over the previous year at comparable prices. By industry, the added value of the primary industry was 52.561 billion yuan, an increase of 2.4%, the added value of the secondary industry was 176.169 billion yuan, an increase of 3.6%, and the added value of the tertiary industry was 220.701 billion yuan, an increase of 3.8%. The three industrial structure adjustments are 11.7:39.2:49.1.

Historical evolution

In the Xia Dynasty, Ren state was set up in the territory, also known as "still state".

In the Shang Dynasty, in addition to Ren, there were Yan, Jue, bianming and other feudal states. Among them, Yan was the capital of King Nangeng of Shang Dynasty. Pan Geng moved his capital after Yin Dynasty and became a vassal state of Shang Dynasty.

In the Western Zhou Dynasty, there were Ren, Jue, Ying, Ji, Mao and Lu. Among them, Lu was the feudal state that King Wu of Zhou granted his younger brother Zhou GongDan Yuyan after he destroyed Shang.

In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the state of Ren in the territory belonged to Lu in the spring and Autumn period, song and Qi in the Warring States period. The state of Lu was destroyed by Chu in 249 BC. At this time, there were Mao, Ji, Zou, Fangyu, Huling and so on.

In the Qin Dynasty, Ren state was abolished and Rencheng county and Kangfu county were set up, belonging to Xue county. Qufu also has Lu county.

In the Western Han Dynasty, in the sixth year of Zhongyuan (144 BC) of emperor Jing, Jidong was changed to Dahe County in the first year of Yuanding (116 BC) of Emperor Wu, and Dongping in the second year of Ganlu (52 BC) of Emperor Xuan.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the territory still belonged to the state of Dongping. In the first year of zhangdiyuanhe (84 A.D.), the state of Dongping was established as Rencheng state (Luqiao Town, Weishan County). In addition, there is the state of Lu.

In the Three Kingdoms period, in 223, the state of Rencheng was changed into Rencheng county (Luqiao Town, Weishan County). There are also Shanyang County and Lu County in the territory.

In the Western Jin Dynasty, there was a marquis state of Pingyang in the south. In the third year of Xianning (277) of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, he became Rencheng state again. In addition, there are Gaoping and Lu states in the territory.

In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the territory was successively occupied by the later Zhao, the former Yan, the former Qin and the later Yan. There were Rencheng County, Lu county and Gaoping County.

In the northern and Southern Dynasties, Gaoping County was still in the territory. In the first year of song Yongchu (420), Rencheng was merged into Kangfu County, belonging to Gaoping County. In the first year of the Northern Wei Dynasty (518), Rencheng county was restored.

In the Sui Dynasty, Gaoping County and Lu county were established first and then.

In the Tang Dynasty, Lu county was set up in the territory, and then changed to Jizhou, Jiyang County and Taining army.

In the Song Dynasty, there were still Jiyang County and Jizhou. In 1118, the eighth year of the reign of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, Yanzhou was promoted to Qingfu.

In the Jin Dynasty, in the second year of Tiande (1150), Jeju, originally governed by Juye, moved to Rencheng.

Yuan Dynasty, to the eighth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1271), the territory of Jizhou to Jining. In 1279, Jining road was set up within the territory of Zhiyuan 16 years (1279), and the general manager's office was set up, which led to 3 prefectures and 7 counties (prefectures and 9 counties).

In the Ming Dynasty, in the first year of Hongwu (1368), Jining road was changed to Jining Prefecture, which still governed Rencheng and led three prefectures and 12 counties. In the 18th year of Hongwu (1385), the government was changed to a prefecture, with only three counties. At the same time, Yanzhou was promoted to Yanzhou Prefecture, stationed in Ziyang County, and led 27 counties.

In the Qing Dynasty, in the second year of Yongzheng (1724), Jining Prefecture was upgraded to Zhili Prefecture, with three counties. Yongzheng eight years (1730) changed to San Zhou, not the county. Qianlong 41 years (1776), and promoted to Zhili Prefecture, still led three counties. At that time, Yanzhou Prefecture had jurisdiction over 10 counties, which belonged to Yanyi Caoji road as well as Jining Zhili Prefecture.

The Republic of China abolished Jining Zhili Prefecture in 1912. In January 1913, Dainan road was set up. In June of 1914, Jining road was set up, with jurisdiction over 25 counties.

In January 1946, Jining was liberated for the first time. The seventh column of Jining Hebei Shandong Henan military region entered Jining and established Jining City in the urban and suburban areas. In September of the same year, it was again occupied by Kuomintang troops. On July 14, 1948, Shandong BINGTUAN recovered Jining again, and Jining was liberated for the second time, still known as Jining City. In August of the same year, it was assigned to Shandong Province, belonging to central and southern Shandong administrative office.

In May 1950, Jining City was reduced to a county-level city and changed into Tengxian district. In 1953, Tengxian district and Huxi district were merged into Jining District, and the special office was located in Jining City. In October 1954, Jining City was changed into a provincial city under the supervision of Jining special office. But soon, it was changed to a county-level city and remained a special office. In 1967, Jining area was renamed Jining area. On August 30, 1983, with the approval of the State Council, Jining district was abolished and changed into a prefecture level city.

administrative division

Division evolution

In 221 BC, except Rencheng county and Kangfu County belonged to Xue County, others belonged to Lu county.

In the Western Han Dynasty, the territory once belonged to the state of Dongping, with seven counties of Lingren, Wuyan, Kangfu, fan, dongpinglu, Fucheng and Zhang.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, from the Dongping state, he was appointed as the city state, with three counties of Lingren, Kangfu and fan.

During the Three Kingdoms, the two Jin Dynasties and the northern and Southern Dynasties, there was little change in the administrative areas of the territory. Either it was Rencheng state, or Rencheng county.

After the unification of Sui Dynasty, Yanzhou was changed into Lu County, with 10 counties of lingxiaqiu, Rencheng, Zou, Qufu, Pingyang, Sishui, gongqiu, Liangwen, Bo and Ying.

In the Tang Dynasty, there was no great change, but in 952, Zhou Guangshun of the Five Dynasties set up Jeju and cut off Juye and Yuncheng in Yunzhou, Rencheng in Yanzhou and Jinxiang in Danzhou. During this period, other counties in the territory are mostly Yanzhou.

In 1118, Yanzhou was once promoted to the prefecture of Zaiqing, and Xianyuan, Sishui, Xiaqiu and Zou counties were under its jurisdiction.

In 1150, Jeju moved from Juye to Rencheng and led Rencheng, Jiaxiang, Yuncheng and Jinxiang counties.

In 1271, Jizhou was promoted to Jining Prefecture, and in 1279, it was changed to Jining road. Since then, the territory has always been the residence of the local second level political power organs in the past dynasties, either for the government, the prefecture, or the district or the city. Its administrative divisions are as follows.

In 1279, Jining road was set up to govern Rencheng, and three prefectures and seven counties were under its jurisdiction, namely, Jizhou, Danzhou, Yanzhou, Rencheng, Juye, Yuncheng, Feicheng, Jinxiang, Dangshan and Fengxian.

In the Ming Dynasty, in the first year of Hongwu (1368), Jining road was changed into Jining Prefecture, which ruled Rencheng and governed 3 states and 12 counties. Namely: Yanzhou, Dongping, Yizhou, Rencheng, Jinxiang, Juye, Yuncheng, Jiaxiang, Cao, Dan, Dingtao, Chengwu, Yutai, Teng, Shexian. In 1385, Jining Prefecture was changed into a prefecture, with only three counties. They are Jiaxiang, Juye and Yuncheng.

In the Qing Dynasty, Jining Prefecture was upgraded to Zhili Prefecture in 1724, and still led three counties, namely Jiaxiang, Juye and Yuncheng. Qianlong 41 years (1776), Jining Zhili Prefecture with three counties. Namely: Jiaxiang, Yutai, Wenshang. Qianlong 54 years (1789), Jining Zhili Prefecture with three counties. Namely: Jiaxiang, Yutai and Jinxiang.

In the Republic of China, Jining road was built in the territory in June 1914, and 25 counties were under its jurisdiction. Jining, Ziyang, Qufu, Ningyang, Zou, Teng, Sishui, Wenshang, Yi, Jinxiang, Jiaxiang, Yutai, Lanshan (later renamed Linyi), Tancheng, Fei, Mengyang, Ying, Yishui, Heze, Cao, Dan, Chengwu, Dingtao, Juye, Yuncheng.

In 1933, the first office of the Commissioner of administrative supervision of Shandong Province was set up in the territory, with jurisdiction over 11 counties. They are Jining, Ziyang, Wenshang, Ningyang, Qufu, Zou, Teng, Dongping, Jiaxiang, Jinxiang and Yutai counties.

In July 1935, it was changed into the office of the chief executive of Jining Experimental Zone, which was under the jurisdiction of 14 counties. They are Jining, Jiaxiang, Juye, Yuncheng, Shouzhang, juancheng, Dingtao, Chengwu, Cao, Dan, Jinxiang, Yutai, Dongping and Wenshang counties.

In the winter of the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), it was changed into the office of the administrative inspector general of the first district of Shandong Province, with jurisdiction over 10 counties. They are Jining, Ziyang, Dongping, Wenshang, Zou, Teng, Ningyang, Qufu, Jiaxiang and Yutai counties.

In September 1946, the second office of the Commissioner of administrative supervision of Shandong Province was set up in the territory, with jurisdiction over seven counties. They are Jining, Jiaxiang, Yuncheng, Juye, Shouzhang, Dongping and Wenshang counties.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, in May 1950, Jining City belonged to Tengxian district. Jurisdiction of Jining City and Tengxian, Huashan, Lincheng, Zou, Fushan

Chinese PinYin : Shan Dong Sheng Ji Ning Shi