Longyan

Longyan

Longyan City, a prefecture level city in Fujian Province. It is one of Minnan folk cities, speaking Minnan Longyan dialect. It is located in the west of Fujian Province, at the junction of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces. In May 1997, the land was removed and the city was established. In 2019, the permanent resident population will be 2.64 million, and the urban population will be 1.5312 million, with an urbanization rate of 58%.

Longyan is an important part of the Economic Zone on the west side of the Straits, the national old revolutionary base area and the Central Soviet area. The seven counties (cities and districts) are all the former Central Soviet areas. It is one of the only two places in the country that has won the honor of "red flag does not fall" and enjoys the praise of "red flag does not fall in 20 years". It is also the birthplace of Minjiang, Jiulongjiang and Tingjiang, the three most important rivers in Fujian Province.

Longyan used to be the paradise of "ancient min people" in ancient times, the ancestral home of "Min Yue people", one of the ancestral home of Heluo people, the capital of "Nanhai country" and its central area. It is the Hakka ancestral home at home and abroad. More than 75% of the population in Longyan is Hakka. Longyan is a national Hakka cultural and ecological protection experimental area. Changting is known as the "Hakka capital", Tingjiang is known as the "Hakka mother river", and Yongding Hakka Tulou is listed in the world cultural heritage list. Hakka culture and Minnan culture blend here, giving birth to Longyan people's quality of hospitality and hard work.

Historical evolution

Tingzhou, capital of the United States

In the pre Qin period, the place belonged to Baiyue. Zan, an official quoted in the Hanshu geography annals, said: "from Jiaozhi to Kuaiji, there are different castes in Baiyue.

Jin Taikang three years (282) home Xinluo County, belongs to Jin'an county. In the 24th year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (736), Tingzhou was set up, and Changting County, Huanglian county and Shiluo county were divided into three counties. In the first year of Tianbao (742), Tingzhou was changed to linting County, zaluo county (Xinluo) was changed to Longyan County, Huanglian county was changed to Ninghua County, and Tingzhou was restored in the first year of Qianyuan (758).

In 777, Longyan county was transferred to Zhangzhou. Jianzhou is under the jurisdiction of Tingzhou instead of Shaxian. Zhangzhou governs Longyan, Longxi and Zhangpu counties. Tingzhou governs Changting, Ninghua and Shaxian counties.

In the sixth year of Baoda in the Southern Tang Dynasty (948), Shaxian was designated as Jianzhou. Tingzhou governs Changting and Ninghua counties. Zhangzhou governs Longyan, Longxi and Zhangpu counties.

In the fifth year of Song Chunhua (994), Shanghang and Wuping were promoted to counties, belonging to Tingzhou. In the third year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1133), Liancheng County was established. At the end of Song Dynasty, Longyan County, Longxi County, Zhangpu County, Nansheng county and Changtai County belonged to Zhangzhou, while Changting County, Shanghang County, Wuping County, Liancheng County and Ninghua County belonged to Tingzhou,.

Yuan to Yuan 15 years (1278), for Zhangzhou Road, Tingzhou road. In 1346, Liancheng was changed into Liancheng. Changting, Shanghang, Wuping, Liancheng, Ninghua and Qingliu belong to Tingzhou road. Longyan County, Longxi County, Zhangpu County, Nanshan county and Changtai County belong to Zhangzhou road.

The first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1368) was Tingzhou Prefecture. Yongding County was set up in the 14th year of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty (1478). At that time, Changting County, Shanghang County, Wuping County, Liancheng County, Yongding County, Ninghua County, Qingliu County and Guihua county were known as "Tingzhi eight counties".

In the seventh year of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty (1471), Zhangping county was set up; in the fifth or sixth year of Longqing in Ming Dynasty (1571 or 1572), Ningyang County was set up. Taking the meaning of "Ningjing East-West foreign land" and "in the name of quietness of both East and west", Longyan County, Zhangping County, Ningyang County, Longxi County, Haicheng County, Zhangpu County, Zhao'an County, Pinghe County, Nanjing County and Changtai County belong to Zhangzhou Prefecture.

In 1734, Longyan County, Zhangping county and Ningyang County of Zhangzhou Prefecture established Longyan Zhili Prefecture.

Since the early Qing Dynasty, Tingzhou Prefecture and Longyan Zhili Prefecture belong to tingzhang Longdao, which is located in Longxi County, Zhangzhou Prefecture, and has jurisdiction over Zhangzhou Prefecture, Longyan Zhili Prefecture and Tingzhou Prefecture.

In 1912, the prefectures and prefectures were abandoned, and each county was located in Longxi (now Xiangcheng District of Zhangzhou City) under the jurisdiction of xiludao (renamed tingzhang road in 1914). In 1925, the system was abolished, and each county was directly under the jurisdiction of the province.

From 1928 to 1934, it was an important part of the central revolutionary base.

In November 1933, when the people's revolutionary government of the people's Republic of China (Fujian Provincial People's Government) was established, it belonged to Longting province (Longzhang province), and was stationed in Longxi (now Xiangcheng District, Zhangzhou City).

In July 1934, it was under the jurisdiction of the seventh administrative supervision district (Longyan, Yongding, Shanghang, Wuping, Zhangping, Ningyang and Hua'an counties) and the eighth administrative supervision district (Changting, Changting, Liancheng, Ninghua, Qingliu, Mingxi and Yong'an counties).

In October 1935, it was under the jurisdiction of the sixth administrative supervision district (Longyan, Zhangping, Yongding, Shanghang, Ningyang, Hua'an and Datian counties and Fengshi special district) and the seventh administrative supervision district (Changting, Liancheng, Wuping, Ninghua, Mingxi, Qingliu, Jianning and Taining counties).

In 1947, Longyan County, Zhangping County, Changting County, Yongding County, Shanghang County, Wuping County and Liancheng County were the seventh administrative supervision districts, and they were stationed in Longyan (now Xinluo District of Longyan City).

From August to November 1949, the counties were liberated one after another and became the eighth administrative supervision area.

In March 1950, it was renamed Longyan district.

In July 1956, it was divided into Yongan, Ninghua and Qingliu counties. In July 1956, Ningyang County was abolished and divided into Zhangping, Yongan and Longyan counties.

In 1961, Yongan, Ninghua and Qingliu counties were assigned to Sanming District. It was renamed Longyan area in 1970.

In 1981, Longyan county was abolished and a county-level Longyan city was established.

In 1990, Zhangping was set up as a city instead of a county.

On November 20, 1996, the State Council approved the establishment of Longyan city.

In March 1997, Longyan city at the county level was changed into Xinluo District.

On May 1, 1997, the prefecture level Longyan city was established, and the Municipal People's government was stationed in Xinluo District.

On December 25, 2014, with the approval of the State Council, Yongding County will be changed from county to district.

Tingzhou Baxi Pavilion

administrative division

As of 2019, Longyan City has jurisdiction over Xinluo District, Yongding District, Changting County, Shanghang County, Wuping County and Liancheng County, and is in charge of Zhangping City. Each county (city, district) has 133 townships (towns, sub district offices), including 14 streets, 89 towns and 34 townships (including 2 ethnic townships). Each township (town, sub district office) has 1896 Village (neighborhood) committees, including 1783 village committees and 113 community neighborhood committees. The municipal government is located at No.1 Longyan Avenue, Xinluo District.

geographical environment

Location context

Longyan city is located between 24 degrees 23 minutes to 26 degrees 02 minutes north latitude and 115 degrees 51 minutes to 117 degrees 45 minutes east longitude. The total area is 19027 square kilometers, accounting for 15.7% of the land area of Fujian Province. Among them, the mountainous area is 14964 square kilometers, the hilly area is 3101 square kilometers, and the plain area is 985 square kilometers.

topographic features

Longyan city is high in the East and low in the west, high in the north and low in the south. The southern section of Wuyi Mountains, Daimao mountain, Boping mountain and other mountains are distributed in parallel along the northeast to southwest direction. The average altitude of the city is 652 meters, and there are 571 peaks above 1000 meters. The highest peak is the main peak of gouzinao in the hawksbiao mountain area, with an altitude of 1811 meters; the lowest point is at the Yongding estuary of Luxiaba, Fengshi Town, Yongding District, with an altitude of 69 meters.

climate

Longyan City has a subtropical marine monsoon climate. In 2005, the average temperature ranged from 18.7 ℃ to 21.0 ℃, the average precipitation ranged from 1031 mm to 1369 mm, and the sunshine hours ranged from 1804 hours to 2060 hours. The annual climate is mild, the frost free period is long, and the rainfall is abundant, which is suitable for the growth of subtropical crops and trees.

hydrology

There are many rivers in Longyan City, which belong to Tingjiang River, Beixi river of Jiulong River, Shaxi River of Minjiang River and Meijiang river system. There are 110 rivers with a catchment area of 50 square kilometers or more. The annual runoff of the river is 19 billion cubic meters, the theoretical reserve of water resources is 2.145 million kilowatts, and the water energy reserve available for development is 1.827 million kilowatts.

natural resources

There are 64 kinds of proven minerals in Longyan City, among which 16 kinds of mineral reserves such as gold, copper, iron, coal and kaolin rank first in the province. Makeng Iron Mine is the largest iron mine in East China; Zijinshan Copper Mine is the second largest copper mine in China; donggongxia kaolin mine is one of the four high-quality kaolin mines in China. At the same time, it is rich in water resources, with a theoretical reserve of 2.145 million kilowatts and a developable capacity of 1.881 million kilowatts. Longyan is one of the three major forest regions in Fujian Province, with a forest coverage rate of 77.9%, ranking first in Fujian Province.

population

By the end of 2019, the permanent resident population of Longyan city will be 2.64 million. Among them, there were 1.5312 million urban permanent residents, accounting for 58.0% of the total population (urbanization rate of permanent residents), 1.0 percentage points higher than that at the end of last year. In the whole year, 34100 people were born, with a birth rate of 12.9 ‰; 18000 people died, with a mortality rate of 6.8 ‰; and the natural growth rate was 6.1 ‰. At the end of 2001, the total number of registered residence in the city was 3 million 182 thousand and 400, 4 thousand and 300 fewer than the end of last year.

There are more than 1.2 million overseas Chinese, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan compatriots in Longyan city. The ancestors of 54 surnames have moved to Taiwan, and there are more than 700000 Taiwan compatriots whose ancestral home is West Fujian.

1. In 2016, there were 49 ethnic minorities in the city, with more than 6000 people, accounting for 13.6% of the ethnic minority population.

2. She, Miao, Tujia, Dong, Hui, Buyi, Zhuang, Yi, Manchu and Mongolian are the top 10, accounting for 99% of the urban minority population. It is mainly distributed in Longyan City and county (city, district) organs, schools, enterprises and institutions, urban residents and floating population. A few cities.. trade

Chinese PinYin : Long Yan