First Frost

First Frost

Frost is the 18th of the 24 solar terms and the last one in autumn. Douzhixu, the Yellow meridian of the sun is 210 ° and the festival is held on October 23-24 of the Gregorian calendar. Frost fall does not mean "frost fall", but a sudden drop in temperature and a large temperature difference between day and night. In the frost season, all things are completed, finished in Xu, the sun goes down into the earth, the Yin Qi begins to condense, and the cold weather begins with frost. After the frost falls on solar terms, the late autumn scene is obvious, and the cold air southward is more and more frequent.

As far as the national average is concerned, frost is the season with the largest temperature difference between day and night in a year. The characteristics of frost fall solar terms are cold in the morning and evening, hot at noon, large temperature difference between day and night, and obvious dryness in autumn. Frost does not mean that entering this solar term will "frost", in fact, "frost" does not come down from the sky, "frost" is the condensation of water and air on the ground due to the change of temperature difference when meeting cold air, "frost" solar term has nothing to do with "frost", they are not the same concept.

There are many customs such as appreciating chrysanthemum, eating persimmon, climbing high and looking into the distance, tonic and so on. Frost season is the turning point of autumn and winter climate, and it is also the transition of Yang Qi from reservoir to reservoir. There is a folk saying that "winter tonic is better than frost". Autumn belongs to gold, and spleen and stomach are the foundation of the day after tomorrow. At this time, it is better to tonify the spleen and stomach, especially to nourish the day after tomorrow.

Brief introduction of solar terms

Frost is one of the 24 solar terms. In the early times of observing the images and timing, the solar terms were divided by "doubing point". When the doubing of Beidou star points to Xuwei (northwest), it is the frosty solar term. From the Han Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, the solar terms were divided by the "average time method", and the winter solstice was measured in the Yellow River by the method of measuring the shadow of the sun with a guibiao. The interval of each solar term was about 15 days, and the frost fell 300 days after the winter solstice. Since 1645, solar terms have been divided according to the "degree method of the Great Yang and yellow meridians". When the sun reaches 210 degrees of the Yellow meridians, it is the frost season. In frost season, the weather is cold in the morning and evening and hot at noon. The term "frost fall" reflects the sudden drop of temperature and the great change of temperature difference between day and night, which does not mean that entering this term will "frost fall". In fact, "frost" does not come down from the sky. "Frost" is the condensation of water vapor on the ground due to the change of temperature difference. "Lun Heng" written by Wang Chong of the Eastern Han Dynasty said: "clouds and fog are the sign of rain. In summer, it is dew, in winter, it is frost, in temperature, it is rain, in cold, it is snow. The freezing of rain and dew comes from the ground, not from the sky." Whether it is dew or frost, "it comes from the ground, not from the sky." the name "frost" is just a metaphor.

Climatic characteristics

Frost is the solar term that reflects the change of temperature. Frost is the last solar term in autumn and the transition from autumn to winter. Frost is the season with the largest temperature difference between day and night in a year. After the frost, the sun goes down to the earth, everything is finished, and the plants are gradually withering. That's what the saying "frost kills all kinds of grass" means. According to the book: "Qi Su and frost, Yin congealing also." It can be seen that cold weather begins with "frost". After the frost falls, the cold air often invades, and the day is still hot. When the sun sets, the temperature drops suddenly, and it is obviously colder at night. "The most obvious thing about frost falling solar terms is that the temperature difference between day and night changes greatly, and the dryness in autumn is obvious. the frost season is usually around October 23 of the Gregorian calendar. At this time, the cold weather is heading south, and the temperature in the south of China drops obviously in the morning and evening; while the temperature in some parts of the North has already entered winter, and the temperature in some parts of the North has dropped below 0 ℃, for example, the average temperature in the north of Northeast China, the east of Inner Mongolia and most of the Northwest has been below 0 ℃.

The meaning of section name

The name "frostfall" is a kind of metaphor, which is a solar term reflecting the great change of temperature difference between day and night. Because "frost" is the manifestation of cold weather and large variation of temperature difference between day and night, it is named "frost fall", which means "sudden drop of temperature and large temperature difference between day and night". As far as the national average is concerned, frost is the season with the largest temperature difference between day and night in a year. The term "frost falling" has nothing to do with "frost falling", they are not the same concept. frost fall does not mean "frost fall", but a sudden drop in temperature and a large temperature difference between day and night. There is no concept of "frost fall" in meteorology. In meteorology, the first frost in autumn is generally called "early frost" or "first frost", while the last frost in spring is called "late frost" or "final frost"; the interval from the final frost to the first frost is the frost free period, and "frost" usually occurs in autumn, winter and spring. from a scientific point of view, it is not accurate to say that "dew turns into frost". The freezing dew formed by dew drops is hard little ice beads. Frost is a kind of white ice crystal formed on the ground or objects when the air close to the ground is cooled to below the frost point due to the influence of ground radiation cooling.

Solar term culture

ballad

Glutinous rice is being harvested in this festival, and sweet potatoes are being cut, dried and stored fresh. the cotton should be picked carefully, and all the trees and ground should be picked up. Take good care of the vegetables and vegetables in the greenhouse, apply fertilizer and water to prevent insects. the green onions and radishes are coming in, and the cabbages are coming to help. mend the open shed to prevent the animals from catching cold. catch the adult fish and sell them on the market, while the lotus root, reed and Puqian are busy harvesting. rodents in urban and rural areas should be eliminated together to prevent epidemic diseases and protect food.

works

"Yizhoushu · zhouyue": "mid autumn and March: heat, autumnal equinox, frost." In Guoyu · zhouyuzhong: "when the fire is seen, the wind is clear and cold is avoided." Wu Weizhao of the Three Kingdoms noted: "it is said that after frost falls, the wind comes first, so it is necessary to guard against cold." Wei Wei's "the East" Chapter 15: "on the solar term, not frost, here has been under several frost."

Agricultural Proverbs

Local Proverbs

Frost, dew are in the solar calendar in October, all over the proverbs in the next comprehensive

Shanxi:

It's time to catch the cold dew and plough in autumn, harvest in autumn and plant in autumn. Cotton picking, potato planing, wheat stubble and autumn irrigation were carried out quickly. Water the land for afforestation, collect feed, and change the seeds of yam in different places.

Hebei:

Cold dew and frost fall, harvest soybean. Pay close attention to the fight and put it in the warehouse in time. Late cropping wheat, shock sowing. Harvest the grass to feed the animals. Spinach, rape, a few acres. In the spring of next year, we can harvest early.

Shandong:

As soon as the frost came, it became colder. Grasp the harvest, sweet potato peanuts. Cut dried melons while it's sunny. Sweet potato into the cellar, can't relax. Wheat seedling situation, inspection should be fine. We should cut the ridge and replant in time.

Xinjiang:

The cold dew and frost fall in October make the autumn air cool and the autumn wind cool. The first frost in Northern Xinjiang is in the first ten days, and autumn frost appears in southern Xinjiang. Pay close attention to autumn irrigation and winter irrigation, and the fruits of labor will be stored quickly. Livestock graze fat and breed, and transport forage to winter farm.

Jiangsu:

Cold dew without green rice, frost fall together.

Shanghai:

In October, cold dew followed by frost, autumn harvest, autumn planting, winter work busy, late rice threshing, cotton turning sun, fine collection.

Anhui:

After harvest, frost turns the ground.

Hunan:

In October, the cold dew and frost fall, harvest late rice and dig potatoes.

Fujian:

When the cold dew and frost come in October, the fragrance of rice will turn yellow one by one for thousands of miles.

Solar term customs

Eat persimmon

in some parts of China, red persimmons are eaten in frost season. In the eyes of local people, they can not only keep warm from the cold, but also nourish muscles and bones. They are very good frost food. Quanzhou old man for frost to eat persimmon is: frost to eat persimmon, will not runny nose. In some places, the explanation for this custom is: on the day of frost, you have to eat this fruit, otherwise your lips will crack all winter. At this time, people living in rural areas will climb up the tall persimmon trees and pick a few fresh and sweet persimmons to eat.

Enjoy Chrysanthemum

In ancient times, there was a saying that "frost beat chrysanthemums open", so climbing mountains and enjoying chrysanthemums became the elegant event of frost fall. In xuqixiejie written by Wu Jun of the Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty, it is said that "when frost falls, only this grass flourishes". Therefore, chrysanthemum was regarded as "grass waiting for time" by the ancients and became a symbol of vitality. The frost season is the time when autumn chrysanthemums are in full bloom. Many places in our country hold chrysanthemum meetings at this time to enjoy chrysanthemums and drink to show their respect and love. In the eyes of the ancients, chrysanthemum has unusual cultural significance and is considered as "longevity guest" and "immortal grass". "Miscellaneous five elements book" said: planted in the house next to the "poplar, dogwood three roots, increase life, in addition to harm also." In ancient times, the cold Qi in late autumn was often regarded as evil Qi of ghosts and evil spirits. It could expel wind, evil and cold, and was used in folk medicine.

Send taro ghost

in Gaoming area of Guangdong Province, there was a custom of "sending taro ghost" before frost. During the frost season, people will build Hanoi tower with tiles, and put dry firewood into the tower to light it. The more prosperous the fire is, the better. Then they will push Hanoi tower down and use the red tiles to heat yam. This is called "taro pot" locally. Finally, they throw the tiles outside the village, which is called "taro ghost". In this way, people fight off evil and welcome good.

ascend a height to enjoy a distant view

in ancient times, there was the custom of climbing high and overlooking in the frost season. September Festival, cold dew, frost, double ninth to. Climbing can make people's lung ventilation and vital capacity increase significantly, blood circulation and cerebral blood flow increase, so as to achieve the purpose of strengthening physique, prevention and treatment of diseases. Moreover, climbing can also cultivate people's will and cultivate their sentiment.

Sweeping tombs and offering sacrifices to ancestors

in ancient times, there was the custom of sweeping tombs and offering sacrifices to ancestors in the frost season. According to the "Qing Tongli", it is said that "on the festival of cold food and frost fall at the age of one year, I visited and expanded Tsuen. At the end of the day, I was dressed in plain clothes, and I had the tools of wine writing and cutting grass; on the other hand, I was dressed in Zhoufu to seal the trees and cut the grass, so I called sweeping the tomb."

take tonic

there is a folk saying that it is better to make up for the frost than to make up for the winter. During the frost season, the weather is getting colder and colder, and the folk food customs are also very distinctive. It is believed that the first "tonifying Chongyang" is followed by "tonifying frost", and "tonifying in autumn" is more important than "tonifying in winter". Therefore, during the frost season, people have the eating customs of "burning mutton", "burning sheep's head" and "welcoming frost rabbit meat".

Attention to solar terms

Anti freezing measures: frost usually occurs in autumn

Chinese PinYin : Shuang Jiang