Tongzhou District, Beijing Municipality

Tongzhou District Tongzhou District is located in the southeast of Beijing, the north end of Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal, Chaoyang District and Daxing District in the west, Shunyi District in the north, Sanhe City, Dachang Hui Autonomous County and Xianghe County in Hebei Province across Chaobai River in the East, Wuqing District in Tianjin city and Langfang City in Hebei Province in the south. The total area is 906 square kilometers. It has jurisdiction over 11 streets, 10 towns and 1 Ethnic Township, with a permanent resident population of 1.675 million by the end of 2019.

As early as the Neolithic period, there were human activities in Tongzhou District. At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, Lu county was built. Later, it was renamed tongtongtongting, Lu County, Tongzhou and Tongxian. In December 1948, Tongxian was liberated and divided into Tongxian and Tongzhou. In March 1958, the counties and cities were merged into Tongzhou District of Beijing after they were transferred from Hebei Province to Beijing. In 1960, it was renamed Tongxian. In April 1997, Tongxian county was abolished and Tongzhou District was established. Tongzhou calendar is an important transportation road in the east of Beijing. It is an important place for water transportation and storage. Water and land must pass through here. It is known as "one Beijing (Beijing), two Wei (Tianjin) and three TongZhou". On October 20, 2020, it will be included in the list of national double support model cities (counties).

In 2019, Tongzhou District's GDP will reach 105.92 billion yuan, an increase of 6.6% over the previous year at comparable prices.

Historical evolution

In the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, Tongzhou now belongs to the state of Yan. When Yanzhao King (311-79 BC) opened up Northern Xinjiang, he set up five counties, namely Shanggu, Yuyang, youbeiping, Liaoxi and Liaodong. At that time, Yuyang county had jurisdiction over Tongzhou. Qin still belongs to Yuyang county.

In the Western Han Dynasty, Lu county was established in this district, belonging to Yuyang county. It is located in the ancient village of Bali in the east of the current district. Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty and changed the name of the county to Tongdao Pavilion, which belongs to Tongdao County. After the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the old name of the Western Han Dynasty was restored by abolishing Mang and changing it to Lu county.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Lu County belonged to the territory of Cao Wei and was changed to the state of Yan. The Sixteen States of the Western Jin Dynasty are the result of this.

Lu County in the Northern Wei Dynasty is located in Chengzi Village, southwest of Sanhe county. It belongs to Yuyang county. Sui Lu county also governs the ancient village of Bali in the east of the current district. Kaihuang three years (583), is Youzhou. Daye three years (607) belong to Zhuo county.

Tang Wude two years (619), Lu county for Xuanzhou governance. Zhenguan first year (627), the abolition of Xuanzhou, Lu county is Youzhou. In the first year of Tianbao (742), Youzhou was changed into Fanyang County, and Lu county still belonged to it. In the first year of Qianyuan (758), Fanyang county was renamed Youzhou, and Lu county was changed accordingly. The Tang Dynasty moved the county to the present district.

In Liao Dynasty, Lu county was Youdu Prefecture and Xijin Prefecture. In the Taiping period of emperor Shengzong of Liao Dynasty (1021-1031), he built a city and set up a county in niubaotun township. Because the county is located in the south of the river, he named it Fuyin, and analyzed the south of Lu County as its jurisdiction.

In the early Jin Dynasty, Lu and Fuyin counties were subordinate to Xijin Prefecture. To the first year of Zhen (1153), Fuyin county belongs to Daxing mansion of Zhongdu road. Tiande three years, Lu county for TongZhou governance. In the 21th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1284), Tongzhou and its two counties, Lu and Sanhe, belonged to Dadu road. August 1276, the 13th year of Zhiyuan. Shengfuyin county is the state of Fuzhou, and Wuqing and Xianghe counties are under the jurisdiction of the state. In addition, in April of the first year of the reign of emperor Zhizheng (1341), "stop the Hexi affairs of minzhou". Therefore, minzhou government moved northward to the village of Minxian County in the southeast of the district.

In August 1368, the first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, Xu Da, a general of the Ming Dynasty, captured the capital of the Yuan Dynasty and changed its name to Beiping. He also changed the road of the capital of the Yuan Dynasty to Beiping mansion. At the same time, Lu County entered Tongzhou, and the name of Lu County became a historical place name. In February of 1381, minzhou was reduced to Minxian County, and was changed to Tongzhou. So far, Tongzhou has four counties, namely Sanhe, Wuqing, Xianghe, and Mi County, belonging to the Peiping Prefecture.

In the first month of the first year of Yongle (1403), Beiping was taken as Beijing, and Beiping was changed to shuntianfu. Since then, Tongzhou and its four counties belong to shuntianfu. In the 16th year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1659), He county entered Tongzhou, and TongZhou led Sanhe, Wuqing and Baodi counties.

In 1728, Sanhe County, Wuqing County and Baodi County were changed into shuntianfu County, so TongZhou became Sanzhou and no longer led county.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), shuntianfu was changed to Jingzhao, and TongZhou was renamed Tongxian.

In 1928, Jingzhao was abolished and Tongxian county was directly under Hebei Province.

At the end of 1948, Tongxian county was liberated. At the beginning, Tongzhou city was set up in Chengguan of Tongxian County, and the people's Government of Tongxian County moved to Zhangjiawan. In 1949, Tongzhou city was changed into Tongxian Town, which was the residence of Tongxian district. In November 1953, Tongxian town was abolished and Tongzhou city was established. It was managed by Tongxian special district and remained the resident of Tongxian special district. Tongxian and Tongxian belong to Tongxian special district.

On March 7, 1958, Tongxian and TongZhou were put under the jurisdiction of Beijing. On April 28 of the same year, Tongxian district was abolished, and Jixian County, Pinggu County, Sanhe County, Dachang county and Xianghe County were included in Tangshan District, Miyun County and Huairou County in Chengde District, and Gu'an County in Tianjin district. After Tongxian and Tongzhou city were incorporated into Beijing, they were renamed Tongzhou District and Tongxian in February 1960. In April 1997, Tongxian county was abolished and Tongzhou District was established.

administrative division

By 2020, Tongzhou District has jurisdiction over 11 streets, 10 towns and 1 ethnic township: Zhongcang street, Xinhua Street, Beiyuan street, Yuqiao street, Luyuan street, Tongyun street, Wenjing street, jiukeshu street, linheli street, Yangzhuang street, Luyi street, Yongshun Town, Liyuan Town, Songzhuang Town, Zhangjiawan Town, Fuxian Town, Majuqiao town, Xiji Town, Taihu town and Yongle Town Dian Town, Lucheng Town, yujiajia Hui Township. District Government in Luyuan street.

geographical environment

Location context

Tongzhou District is located in the southeast of Beijing, the north end of Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal and the east end of Beijing Chang'an Street extension line. It is the North starting point of Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal and the east gate of Beijing. Its geographical coordinates are 39 ° 36 ′ n to 40 ° 02 ′ n, 116 ° 32 ′ e to 116 ° 56 ′ e, 36.5 km wide from east to west, 48 km long from north to south, covering an area of 906 square kilometers. It borders Chaoyang District and Daxing District in the west, Shunyi District in the north, Sanhe City, Dachang Hui Autonomous County and Xianghe County in Hebei Province across Chaobai River in the East, Wuqing District in Tianjin city and Langfang City in Hebei Province in the south. It is close to Beijing Central Business District (CBD), 13 kilometers away from the international trade center in the west, 16 kilometers away from the capital airport in the north and 100 kilometers away from Tanggu port in the East. It is known as "one Beijing, two sanitation and three TongZhou", and is the core hub of the Bohai rim economic circle.

topographic features

Tongzhou District is located in the alluvial plain of Yongding River and Chaobai River. The terrain is flat and tilts from northwest to Southeast. The highest altitude is 27.6 meters and the lowest is only 8.2 meters. The soil is mainly tidal loess, mixed soil and sandy loam, with fertile soil and moderate texture.

climatic conditions

Tongzhou District belongs to the continental monsoon climate zone. Affected by the winter and summer monsoon, it has the climate characteristics of dry and windy in spring, hot and rainy in summer, high and crisp in autumn and cold and dry in winter. The annual average temperature is 11.3 ℃, and the precipitation is about 620 mm.

population

According to the "national census regulations" and the decision of the State Council, China conducted the sixth national census at 0:00 on November 1, 2010.

1、 Permanent population

The permanent resident population of Tongzhou District is 1.184 million. Compared with the fifth national census in 2000, the number of permanent residents in Tongzhou District has increased by 510000 in the past ten years, an increase of 75.7%. The average annual growth rate is 5.8%. Among the permanent residents, 435000 people from other provinces and cities came to Beijing, accounting for 36.7% of the permanent residents.

2、 Gender composition

Among the permanent residents in Tongzhou District, there are 610500 males, accounting for 51.6% of the permanent population, and 573700 females, accounting for 48.4% of the permanent population. The sex ratio of permanent residents (100 females, male to female ratio) increased from 101.4 in the fifth national census in 2000 to 106.4.

3、 Age composition

Among the permanent residents in Tongzhou District, the population aged 0-14 is 107000, accounting for 9% of the permanent residents; the population aged 15-64 is 986000, accounting for 83.3% of the permanent residents; the population aged 65 and above is 91000, accounting for 7.7% of the permanent residents. Compared with the fifth national census in 2000, the proportion of people aged 0-14 decreased by 7.8 percentage points, the proportion of people aged 15-64 increased by 8.3 percentage points, and the proportion of people aged 65 and above decreased by 0.5 percentage points.

4、 Ethnic composition

Among the permanent residents in Tongzhou District, the Han population is 1.136 million, accounting for 95.9% of the permanent residents; the minority population is 48000, accounting for 4.1% of the permanent residents. Compared with the fifth national census in 2000, the Han population increased by 488000, and the minority population increased by 22000.

5、 Education level

Among the permanent residents in Tongzhou District, there are 260000 people with University (college or above), 236000 people with high school (including technical secondary school), 467000 people with junior high school and 143000 people with primary school (the above people with various education levels include graduates, dropouts and students in various schools).

Compared with the fifth national census in 2000, the number of people with university degree increased from 5592 to 21947; the number of people with high school degree increased from 15785 to 19902; the number of people with junior high school degree decreased from 44289 to 39448; the number of people with primary school degree decreased from 24861 to 12

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