Anda City, Suihua City, Heilongjiang Province

Anda City, a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Heilongjiang Province, is managed by Suihua City. Anda, originated from Manchu and Mongolian language, means "friend" in Mongolian, means "guest" in Manchu, also means "Ankang and Shunda". Anda is known as "cattle city". Anda City is located in the hinterland of Songnen Plain in the southwest of Heilongjiang Province, between 124 ° 53 ′ - 125 ° 55 ′ E and 46 ° 01 ′ - 47 ° 01 ′ n. It is 120 km away from Harbin in the South and 160 km away from Qiqihar in the north. It is adjacent to Daqing, the world famous oil city, and five counties and cities, namely Qinggang, Lanxi, Zhaodong, Zhaozhou and Lindian. It is located in the golden section of Harbin Daqing qihar economic belt, and is the node city of Harbin Daqing qihar industrial corridor. Covering an area of 3586 square kilometers, Anda City governs 12 towns, 2 townships and 4 sub district offices, with a population of 520000, and 14 nationalities including Han, Hui, Mongolian and Korean.

Anda is a famous dairy belt in the world. The grassland covers an area of 2.72 million mu, with an annual output of 200 million kg of high-quality forage. It is one of the three high-quality grasslands in the world. The grassland vegetation is mainly Leymus chinensis, which is well-known at home and abroad. It is a unique constructive plant species in eastern Asia, known as "the hometown of dairy cows in China".

In November 2015, it was listed as the second batch of national new urbanization comprehensive pilot areas. In October 2018, it was selected as one of the top 100 green development counties in China in 2018. In October 2019, it was rated as one of the top 100 green development counties in China in 2019.

Historical evolution

Before Qing Dynasty

According to historical documents and sites and cultural relics found in the territory, it is confirmed that as early as 6000 years ago in the Neolithic age, anda had human activities and was engaged in fishing and hunting.

From Shang Dynasty to Zhou Dynasty, it was one of the three major ethnic groups in Heilongjiang Province. By the time of King Mu of Zhou Dynasty (around 950 BC), it was the activity area of northern yisuoli people, the northern branch of Zhuo clan.

From Qin Dynasty, Han Dynasty to Jin Dynasty, it belonged to Fuyu Kingdom, which was established by Fuyu people, a descendant of Fuyu people.

In the late Warring States period, Dongming, the son of the SuoLi leader, crossed the Zhuoshui River (today's Songhua River) to establish the Fuyu kingdom. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (around 100 BC), he entered the Songnen Plain.

During the reign of emperor an of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (410), Fuyu was killed by the Xianbei people. Some of its descendants crossed the Nahe River (now the Songhua River) to the north and established the doumolou (also known as damolu, damolu, damolu) tribe in the Songnen Plain.

From the southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui Dynasty, it belonged to doumolou. In the northern and Southern Dynasties, the doumolou people inherited the ancient Fuyu civilization, and gradually changed the traditional single life style of hunting, and began a new life of farming as well as grazing. In the Sui Dynasty, the area of doumolou was reduced, the East was merged by Wuji, and the West was controlled by the powerful Shiwei.

In the Tang Dynasty, anda was officially incorporated into the territory of China, and was under the jurisdiction of Shiwei Dudu Fu of Hebei road. The people who lived here were still damolou tribe.

In Liao Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Qinzhou.

In the Jin Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Taizhou and Zhaozhou.

In Yuan Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Kaiyuan Road in Liaoyang province. The land belongs to habutu hasar, the second younger brother of boerzhijin Tiemuzhen, the emperor Taizu of the Yuan Dynasty.

In Ming Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of Si duo Yan Wei, the commander of nuergandu. The land is still owned by the descendants of habutu hasar.

Qing Dynasty

In the Qing Dynasty, most of the areas under its jurisdiction were duerbert banner of Zhelimu League in Inner Mongolia, and the land belonged to the fiefdom of sun seling of the 18th generation of habutu hasar; the South belonged to guoerluo Houqi of Zhelimu League in Inner Mongolia; and the East belonged to the area under the jurisdiction of Heilongjiang general Yamen.

In the first month of the 32nd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1906), anda hall was set up at the junction of Mongolian duerbert banner and Heilongjiang general's territory.

the Republic of China era

In February 1913, anda hall was changed to anda county.

During the period of puppet Manchukuo, it was called anda county.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China

On May 26, 1960, the 101st plenary session of the State Council decided to abolish anda county and establish Anda City (prefecture level).

On March 27, 1965, the 154th plenary session of the State Council decided to restore the organizational system of Anda county.

On November 17, 1984, the State Council approved the abolition of Anda county and the establishment of Anda City (county level).

administrative division

In 2013, Anda City governed 3 streets (Tiexi street, Anhong street, Xinxing Street), 10 towns (anda Town, Renmin Town, Shengping Town, Wanbaoshan Town, Yangcao Town, Zhongben Town, Taipingzhuang Town, Laohugang Town, Changde Town, jixinggang town), 4 townships (qingkenpao Township, wolitun Township, huoshishan Township, Xianyuan township).

In August 2016, wolitun Township in Anda City of Heilongjiang Province was established as a town, with wolitun township as the administrative region of wolitun town. The original subordinate relationship and the location of the government remained unchanged, and the town government was stationed in Dongqing village.

According to the official website of Anda Municipal People's Government in June 2020, there are 12 towns, 2 townships and 4 sub district offices under the jurisdiction of Anda City.

geographical environment

Location context

In the territory of Northeast Asia, Baikal Hulunbeier wetland is located in the northwest, Sanjiang Xingkai Lake wetland is located in the northeast, Liaohe River wetland is located in the south, and anda wetland is the entrance of the great wetland in the west of Songnen Plain. Anda City is located in the hinterland of Songnen Plain in the southwest of Heilongjiang Province, between 124 ° 53 ′ - 125 ° 55 ′ E and 46 ° 01 ′ - 47 ° 01 ′ n. It is 120 km away from Harbin in the South and 160 km away from Qiqihar in the north. It is adjacent to Daqing, a famous oil city in the world. It is surrounded by five counties and cities, namely Qinggang, Lanxi, Zhaodong, Zhaozhou and Lindian. It is located in the golden section of Harbin Daqing qihar economic belt and is the node city of Harbin Daqing qihar industrial corridor. The city covers an area of 3586 square kilometers.

Geology and geomorphology

The geological structure of Anda City is a part of Songliao Basin, which is in the east of central depression period of Songliao fault depression dominated by long-term slow decline. The landform belongs to the first terrace of Songhua River and Nenjiang River. The terrain of the whole city is flat and open, and gradually lower from northeast to southwest. The altitude is reduced from 212 meters to 134 meters, the relative elevation difference is 78 meters, and the ground slope is 1 / 600-1 / 300.

climate

Anda City is located in the mid latitude north temperate Eurasian continental monsoon climate zone, belonging to the north temperate continental semi-arid monsoon climate. The main characteristics are: cold and dry in winter, lasting for more than 200 days; hot and rainy in summer, lasting for about 120 days. The annual rainfall is small, the evaporation is large, the ratio is 1:3.7, the climate is dry, affected by the monsoon circulation and narrow tube effect; the spring and autumn monsoon is large, the frequency is high. The annual average temperature is 3.2 ℃. Due to the influence of geographical location and topography, the temperature in Southwest China is slightly higher. The annual average sunshine hours is 2659 hours.

natural resources

land resource

Anda has 1.69 million mu of cultivated land, 2.72 million mu of grassland, 380000 mu of wetland and 447000 mu of woodland. Anda has more than 100 lakes, such as East Lake, Red Lake and North Lake, with wetland area accounting for more than one tenth of the total area.

plant resources

Anda has more than 240 kinds of wild plants, including more than 40 kinds of natural flowers and more than 110 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine. Anda is one of the three high-quality grasslands in the world, with an annual output of 200 million kg of high-quality forage. The grassland vegetation is mainly Leymus chinensis, which is well-known at home and abroad. It is a unique constructive plant species in eastern Asia, known as the "Pearl of the world".

mineral resources

Anda is rich in underground oil, natural gas and geothermal resources. By 2009, the city's oil reserves exceeded 100 million tons and natural gas reserves reached 26.2 billion cubic meters. At present, there are two oilfield enterprises in Daqing Oilfield, anda branch and Qingxin company, with an annual output of 600000 tons of crude oil and tax payment of more than 600 million yuan. Anda underground storage of rich hot spring resources, groundwater temperature as high as 90 ℃.

Animal resources

There are 23 species of national key protected animals in Donghu wetland of Anda, among which 8 species are listed as national first-class protected animals, such as Oriental White Stork, black stork, Red Crowned Crane, white headed crane, etc., and 15 species are listed as national second-class protected animals. There are 12 species of rare and endangered plants in China.

Population nationality

population

At the end of 1992, the total population of Anda City was 454000, including 142000 non-agricultural population; the population of Manchu, Hui, Mongolian, Korean and other ethnic minorities accounted for about 1.5%.

According to the fifth census in 2000, the total population of Anda City is 473091, including 190813 in Anda Town, 24419 in Renmin Town, 22397 in Tianquan Town, 25245 in Wanbaoshan Town, 19913 in Changde Town, 22811 in Shengping Town, 17656 in Yangcao Town, 13393 in Laohugang Town, 12979 in Zhongben Town, 10594 in Taipingzhuang Town, 9866 in Wenhua Town, 10601 in Sipingshan Town, 13379 in huoshishan town and 12979 in Jicheng town There are 15980 in Xinggang Township, 17518 in wolitun Township, 15840 in qingkenpao Township, 15920 in Nanlai Township, 4802 in Guangfeng Township and 8965 in Liaoyuan township.

In 2013, the population of Anda City was 520000, and the natural population growth rate was controlled within 1.6 ‰.

nation

There are 14 ethnic groups in Anda, including Han, Mongolian, Manchu, Hui, Korean, Oroqen, Ewenki, Daur, Kirgiz, Xibe and Hezhe.

Economics

overview

In 2013, the GDP of Anda City reached 40.06 billion yuan, the full caliber fiscal revenue was 2.61 billion yuan, the total fiscal revenue was 2.36 billion yuan, the local public fiscal revenue was 1.61 billion yuan, the investment in urban fixed assets was 17.01 billion yuan, the total retail sales of social consumer goods was 9.23 billion yuan, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 18972 yuan, and the per capita net income of farmers was 18972 yuan

Chinese PinYin : Hei Long Jiang Sheng Sui Hua Shi An Da Shi