Tonghe County, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province

Tonghe County Tonghe county is a county of Harbin city. It is located in the middle of Heilongjiang Province, the south foot of Xiaoxing'an Mountains and the North Bank of the middle reaches of Songhua River. It spans between 128 ° 09 ′ - 129 ° 25 ′ E and 45 ° 53 ′ - 46 ° 40 ′ n. It is 90 km long from east to west, 87 km wide from north to south, covering an area of 5678 square kilometers. It is adjacent to Yilan in the East, Mulan in the west, and Yilan, fangzheng and Binxian in the south River, north to the Pingdingshan watershed as the boundary, and Tieli, Qingan border.

The terrain of Tonghe County inclines from north to south, like "horseshoe shape". In the north, there are shallow mountain areas, in the middle, there are low mountains, hills and piedmont platforms. In the south, there are alluvial plain and alluvial plain of Songhua River. It is located in the third accumulation temperate Zone, belonging to temperate continental monsoon climate, with an average annual temperature of 2.4 ℃ and an average annual precipitation of 610mm.

As of 2016, Tonghe county had jurisdiction over 6 towns and 2 townships. At the end of 2014, Tonghe county had 255 thousand registered residence households and 19 ethnic minorities. In 2014, the gross output value of Tonghe county was 6.47 billion yuan, and the per capita GDP was 25797 yuan. Tonghe county was successively rated as national civilized county, national key county for small town construction, China's famous green county, China's original ecological rice Town, and national advanced county for village cleaning action.

Historical evolution

Before Qing Dynasty

Tonghe had human activities in the Neolithic Age 10000 years ago. With the opening of Chinese civilization, Sushen and his descendants yilou, Wuji and nvzhenren lived here.

In the Han Dynasty, Sushen was renamed yilou. In the northern and Southern Dynasties, yilou was also called Wuji. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was renamed "Pei" and belonged to Heishui Pei, which was under the jurisdiction of Anton and Heishui Dufu.

In the Liao and Jin Dynasties, it was the residence of Nuzhen, which belonged to shengnuzhen and was under the jurisdiction of Huining prefecture (now Acheng Baicheng).

In Yuan Dynasty, it was located in xingzhongshu province of Liaoyang. There were Nianzhan, hasanganhu, wunahu, tahai Junmin wanhu, and xieshui dadalu (also known as "water Tatar"). In Ming Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of nur gandu. There were Mulan Hewei, Xie Liwei, Hasan qianhusuo and wunahuwei in the territory. They all lived in Nuzhen.

Qing Dynasty

In the Qing Dynasty, it guarded the jurisdiction of Hulan city. In the 27th year of Qianlong (1762), Jilin general Zou took three surnames of xi'alechuka. The terrain is remote and the post delivery is inconvenient. Please set up miaogeshan station (one station), eleguomusuo station (- - station), chonggurku station (three stations), fulahui station (four stations) and fosiheng station (five stations) in the east of Bayan Susu (today's Bayan County). In 1905, Datong County was set up in Sanzhan, which includes Tonghe county and Fangzheng County, and belongs to yilandian County, Jilin Province. In 1906, Datong County was established under the jurisdiction of Yilan Prefecture, Jilin Province. In the 33rd year of Guangxu (1907), the Northeast implemented the provincial system, with Songhua River as the boundary between Jilin Province and Heilongjiang Province, and Tonghe county was under the jurisdiction of Suihua Prefecture. Xuantong first year (1909), Datong County under the jurisdiction of the ten banners of Jiangnan Gongtian Bureau analysis set up, known as Fangzheng county.

the Republic of China era

In the third year of the Republic of China (1914), the county government was moved to the East Bank of ChaLin river. Because of the same name as Datong County in Gansu Province, it was renamed Tonghe County, which was subordinate to the third class County in Heilongjiang Province. In the same year, some administrative areas of Tonghe county were put under the jurisdiction of Meizhi Bureau of Fengshan Town.

On January 1, 1929, Fengshan Town was established as the governing Bureau of Fengshan.

On April 29th, 1932, the 61 gunboat regiment of the Japanese Kwantung Army occupied Tonghe, where the Japanese established the puppet government of "Tonghe County Office". On October 1, 1933, in order to guard against the activities of the Anti Japanese Alliance in the mountainous area, the Japanese set Fengshan County in the northern mountainous area. In 1934, the puppet Manchukuo carried out institutional reform and divided the northeast into 14 provinces. Tonghe county was under the jurisdiction of Sanjiang province.

On February 7, 1946, the CPC Tonghe County Committee and the county democratic government were established. Under the CPC Hejiang Provincial Working Committee and Hejiang provincial government.

In the late April of 1946, the North Manchurian branch of the Communist Party of China, the organs of Jilin Heilongjiang military region (North Manchurian military region) and the organs of Songjiang province and Songjiang provincial military region withdrew from Tonghe and entered Harbin. In June, Tonghe county was under the jurisdiction of Songjiang Province under the jurisdiction of Hejiang province. The CPC Tonghe County Committee and county government were subordinate to the CPC Songjiang Provincial Committee, the local committee of the second division (Harbin) of the provincial government, and the Harbin High Commissioner's office. In August, the CPC Harbin prefectural committee and local administrative office were abolished, and Tonghe County Committee and county government were directly led by Songjiang provincial Party committee and provincial government.

In July 1949, the democratic government of Tonghe county was renamed the county people's government.

After the founding of new China

In August 1954, the organizational system of Songjiang province was abolished and merged into Heilongjiang Province. Tonghe county Party committee and county government were subordinate to Heilongjiang provincial Party committee and Heilongjiang Provincial People's government.

In March 1956, the CPC Suihua prefectural committee and Suihua Commissioner's office were established, and Tonghe county Party committee and county government were subordinate to Suihua prefectural committee and Suihua Commissioner's office.

In August 1958, Tonghe county Party committee and county government were subordinate to Songhuajiang Prefecture Party committee and Songhuajiang Commissioner's office.

In April 1960, the Songhuajiang district was abolished, and Tonghe county was under the jurisdiction of Harbin city.

In August 1965, the Songhuajiang special area was reestablished, and Tonghe county was under the jurisdiction of the Songhuajiang special area.

In 1996, Tonghe county was under the jurisdiction of Harbin city.

administrative division

Division evolution

In 1906, after Datong was established as a county, it was divided into five communities and one bureau. Jiangbei is named after "Wen, Liang, Gong, Jian, Rang" and Jiangnan is set up with ten banners of Gongtian Bureau.

In 1915, the county was divided into four districts, two towns, two streets and 141 villages, villages and fortresses.

On November 9, 1929, the administrative divisions of Tonghe county were still divided into four districts according to the regulations on the establishment of townships, towns, villages and neighborhoods. The administrative divisions of Tonghe county were still divided into four districts, with 157 villages and villages under its jurisdiction, with a total of 63 A districts.

After the third year of pseudo Kant (1936), in order to adapt to the rule of Japanese imperialism, Tonghe county was divided into four new administrative regions: 2 divided into 27 A; 2 divided into 19 A; 3 divided into 8 A; 4 divided into 8 a.

In June of 1938, the county was divided into 92 administrative villages.

On March 15, 1946, the county administrative region was divided into eight district governments: urban area, three stations, Xiangshun, Qinghe, Huashu, Fengshan, Fuxiang and nonghe. On May 31 of the same year, Qinghe District and Xiangshun district were merged into Qingxiang district. On June 6, Fengshan District and birch district were merged into Fenghua district. The county is divided into six districts.

In 1947, eight districts were restored: one district (urban area), two districts (Birch), three districts (Fuxiang), four districts (nonghe), five districts (three stations), six districts (Xiangshun), seven districts (Qinghe) and eight districts (Fengshan).

In 1956, it was divided into two townships: Tonghe town and wuyapao Town, and 14 townships: Fengshan, Sanzhan, Yongle, Xiangshun, Qinghe, nanliufang, Yishan, Zhongxing, Xile, nonghe, Huashu, malanghe, Fuxiang and ChaLin.

At the end of 1958, 12 people's communes, 136 production brigades and 520 production brigades were established, and the integration of government and society in rural areas was implemented.

In 1985, Tonghe county has established five Town People's governments of Tonghe, Qinghe, wuyapao, nonghe and Fengshan, and ten Township People's governments of Hongtai, Fuxiang, ChaLin, malanghe, Huashu, Zhenjiao, Sanzhan, Xiangshun, Chuangye and Yishan.

Zoning details

By 2019, Tonghe county has jurisdiction over 8 towns: Tonghe Town, wuyapao Town, Qinghe town, nonghe Town, Fengshan Town, Xiangshun Town, Sanzhan town and Fulin town. The government is in Tonghe town.

geographical environment

Location context

Tonghe county is located in the middle of Heilongjiang Province, the south foot of Xiaoxing'an Mountains and the North Bank of the middle reaches of Songhua River. It spans between 45 ° 53 ′ - 46 ° 40 ′ N and 128 ° 09 ′ - 129 ° 25 ′ e. it is 90 km long from east to west and 87 km wide from north to south, covering an area of 5678 square kilometers. It borders Yilan in the East, Mulan in the west, Yilan, fangzheng and Binxian in the south, and Pingdingshan watershed in the north It borders on Tieli and Qing'an.

Geology and geomorphology

The terrain of Tonghe County inclines from north to south, like a horseshoe shape. In the north, there are shallow mountainous areas, in the middle, there are low mountains, hills and piedmont platforms; in the south, there are alluvial plain and alluvial plain of Songhua River.

The northern mountain area belongs to the Xiaoxing'an Mountains. The highest peak is 1100 meters above sea level, with an average altitude of 400-800 meters. Most of the gullies and canyons are V-shaped. The parent material belongs to bedrock and alluvial deposit. The thickness of the crust can reach 70 km, which is divided into upper and lower layers. The upper layer is granite, which is also called Si Al layer because it is rich in Si and al. The lower layer is basalt, rich in silicon and magnesium, also known as silicon magnesium layer. Due to the action of atmosphere, water and biology, the surface layer of the earth's crust forms soil layer, weathering crust and sedimentary layer, with a thickness of 0-10km, accounting for 70% of the total area. There are two provincial forestry bureaus, Qinghe and Tonghe, and forest farms of county forestry bureaus are located in mountainous areas.

In the Middle Hilly and shallow mountain area, the mountains are gentle and the canyons are open. Generally, the average altitude is between 200-500 meters, the peak slope is more than 40 ° and the slope is about 15-20 °. The physical weathering is strong, and the parent material belongs to eluvial and slope deposit. The hills belong to the middle mountain area. The southern part is closely connected with the Piedmont platform and distributed in the periphery of the mountain area. It is a hilly area with an altitude of about 200 meters. It is subordinate to a broad small plain with fertile soil. All of them have been cultivated. The hilly area is suitable for afforestation and fruit production. The lower part of the hill extends southward to the North Bank of the Songhua River, belonging to the high plain area of the mountain front. It is distributed in ChaLin River, nongnong River, fulahun River, dagudong River, xiaogudong River and Xihe River

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