Bayan County, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province

Bayan County Bayan County is a county in Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province. It is a suburban county in Harbin city. Its old name is "Bayan Susu" in Manchu, which means "hometown of wealth". Bayan County is located in the south of central Heilongjiang Province, the hinterland of Songnen Plain, the North Bank of the middle reaches of Songhua River, 87 kilometers away from Harbin city. Located in 126 ° 45 ′ 53 ″ - 127 ° 42 ′ 16 ″ E and 45 ° 54 ′ 28 ″ - 46 ° 40 ′ 18 ″ n, the county is 85 km long from north to South and 72.7 km wide from east to west, covering an area of 3137.7 square kilometers. The southeast and northwest are adjacent to Mulan County, Bin County, Hulan District, Beilin District of Suihua City and Qing'an County of Suihua City.

The county governs 10 towns, 8 townships, 116 administrative villages and 590000 permanent residents (2011). The population is composed of 15 ethnic groups, including Han, Korean, Hui, Mongolian and Zhuang, with the majority of Han.

In 1999, it was awarded the title of "national advanced cultural county" by the Ministry of culture. In 2007, it was awarded the title of "the first pig raising County in the province". In 2011, Bayan County was selected as the seventh batch of "national ecological demonstration counties". In 2012, he was awarded the title of "hometown of Chinese calligraphy". 、

Bayan County is also known as the hometown of folk art, the holy land of red revolution, the hometown of Chinese poetry, the export base county of aquatic products and fish leaping in China, the base county of non genetically modified soybean in the world, the national sports advanced county, and the national legal advanced county.

Historical evolution

Before Qing Dynasty

As early as 10000 years ago, a branch of Bayan's ancestors lived and multiplied on this land.

During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, Bayan County was under the jurisdiction of Sushen people.

Bayan County was under the jurisdiction of Fuyu state in Han Dynasty, Wei Jin Dynasty and Northern and Southern Dynasties.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Bayan was under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of PEI.

During the Liao and Jin Dynasties, Bayan was the place of Nuzhen. In this period, the Tang Kuo tribe, niponggu tribe, Shujia tribe, and brahmu tribe were in Bayan. It is proved by archaeology that the Liao and Jin Dynasties were a more active period for Bayan people.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Bayan was the fiefdom of tiemugegou Chijin (later belonging to the shuidada road of Nuzhen, xingzhongshu Province, Liaoyang).

In the Ming Dynasty, Bayan belonged to yimala mountain guard and was the place of Nuzhen in the West Sea. In the fourth year of Yongle, the Ming government set up nurgandu division in Heilongjiang, and Bayan was under its jurisdiction.

Qing Dynasty

In the middle of the 19th century, with the large-scale development of land in Heilongjiang Province, people began to recruit people to cultivate land in the ninth year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty (1859), and the governing city was set as Zhongxing town (today's Bayan town). In 1862, Hulan hall was set up to manage the area. In December 1904, Hulan hall was set up as the government office, and was transferred to Hulan city and changed to Bayan Prefecture.

the Republic of China era

On September 18, the Japanese imperialists invaded the northeast, and the national hero Zhang Jiazhou established the "Bayan Anti Japanese guerrillas of the Communist Party of China" (the independent division of the 36th army of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army) in Bayan County, which fired the first shot of the Anti Japanese armed forces of the Communist Party of China. In 1932, Bayan was occupied by the Japanese. On April 5, it was changed into Bayan County Office, belonging to Binjiang province of the puppet Manchuria state, which was a first-class county. After the victory of the Anti Japanese war in August 1945, the democratic united government of Bayan County was established in September, and the people's Government of Bayan County was established in November. In January 1946, it was the Harbin North Commissioner's office of Songjiang province. In 1947, the Harbin North Commissioner's office was abolished and it was directly under the central government of Songjiang province.

After the founding of new China

In August 1954, Songjiang province was merged into Heilongjiang Province, and Bayan County was a county directly under the central government of Heilongjiang Province.

In March 1955, the people's Government of Bayan County was changed into the people's Committee of Bayan County.

In March 1956, Suihua Commissioner's office was established, and Bayan County was under its jurisdiction.

In April 1960, it was put under the jurisdiction of Harbin city. In June 1965, the Songhuajiang regional Commissioner's office was established, and the county was under its jurisdiction.

In March 1996, Songhuajiang special office merged with Harbin City, and Bayan County was under the jurisdiction of Harbin city.

administrative division

By the beginning of 2014, Bayan County had jurisdiction over 10 towns, 8 townships and 116 administrative villages: Bayan Town, Xinglong Town, Xiji Town, Wanfa Town, Longquan Town, Tianzeng Town, longmiao Town, waxing Town, Heishan Town, bayangang Town, Songhuajiang Town, Fujiang Town, Hongguang Town, Dexiang Town, fengle Town, Shanhou Town, Zhendong town and Huashan Town.

geographical environment

position

Bayan County is located in the north of the motherland, the south of the middle of Heilongjiang Province, the North Bank of the middle reaches of Songhua River, and the edge of the eastern Songnen Plain. The geographical coordinates are 126 ° 45 ′ 53 ″ - 127 ° 42 ′ 16 ″ E and 45 ° 54 ′ 28 ″ - 46 ° 40 ′ 18 ″ n. The county is surrounded by Songhua River in the south, Bin County in the west, Hulan District in the west, Suihua City and Qing'an County in the north, luotuolazi mountain and Huangni River in the East, and Mulan County in the East. The largest distance between the north and the south of the county is 85 km, the widest span between the East and the west is 75.4 km, and the perimeter of the border is 338 km. The total area is 3137.7 square kilometers. The county is 97.1 kilometers away from Harbin, the capital of the province.

land

The total land area of the county is 313522 hectares. Among them, 65.8% of the total area is cultivated land, 0.15% is garden land, 14.52% is forest land, 2.25% is pasture land, 3.64% is water area, 1.82% is traffic land, 5.45% is village land and 6.47% is unused land.

landforms

Flat terrain, plain accounted for 2 / 3 of the total area, mountain, water and other land accounted for 1 / 3. The geographical shape is wedge-shaped, the soil is plump, and the products are rich. "Three mountains, one water and six fields" have 2.95 million mu of fertile land, 29 peaks and 14 rivers, with a total length of 475.7 km. The general terrain of the county gradually decreases from northeast to southwest, forming a trend of high in the East, low in the west, North Hills, Nanping, and many hills in the middle. The geographical shape is wide in the north and narrow in the south, presenting a "wedge". The highest altitude is 564.3 meters and the lowest is 110 meters.

hydrology

There are 1 River and 14 rivers in the county, with a total length of 622.1 km and a total drainage area of 4465.9 km2. The annual average river runoff is 210 million cubic meters; the groundwater resources storage (Theory) is 6.5 billion cubic meters, and the annual average exploitation is 223 million cubic meters. The total annual utilization of water resources is 573 million cubic meters, the per capita water consumption is 809 cubic meters, and the per mu land water consumption is 212 cubic meters.

climate

Bayan County has a mid temperate continental monsoon climate. Due to the influence of monsoon climate, the four seasons are distinct and the temperature difference is large. The annual average temperature is 2.9 ℃. The average temperature in January is - 20.9 ℃, and the average temperature in July is 22.4 ℃; the annual average sunshine accounts for 46.9% of the total hours. There are abundant solar radiation resources, the annual total radiation is about 44 × 10 ^ 8j / (m ^ 2 · min), and the annual average sunshine is 2640 hours. The total radiation of crop production season accounts for 55-60% of the whole year; the accumulated average precipitation is 582.2mm (1960), the minimum is 372.5mm (1954); the frost free period of the whole year is generally 115-135 days, the longest is 151 days (1978), and the shortest is 112 days (1966).

natural resources

mineral resources

Bayan County has exploited and utilized the following minerals: Building stone, produced in laoshankou and luotuolazi mountain of Heishan, is granite, with a reserve of 500 million cubic meters; marble, distributed in the north of Heishan Town, with C-class reserves of 5.6 million tons and D-class reserves of 4.1 million tons, with CaO content of 53%, is the main raw material for cement production; limestone, produced in Heishan, with calcium content of 54%, is the main raw material for firing construction lime The main raw material reserves are 132 million tons, with an average annual mining capacity of 300000 tons at the beginning of the 21st century. In addition, there are river stone, engineering sand, refractory clay, sulfur, graphite, etc.

Forest resources

Bayan County has a forestland area of 57000 hectares and a total base volume of 2.94 million cubic meters of standing trees. The county is divided into 14 forest types, a total of 14 families, 22 genera, more than 40 species.

plant resources

There are 15 kinds of cereals and 21 kinds of vegetables (including more than 10 kinds of wild plants) in the county. Greenhouse vegetable production is one of the agricultural development projects in the county, accounting for the main part of diversified income. There are 21 kinds of trees, such as poplar, elm and pine. There are 29 kinds of melons and fruits. The development of artificial domestic grapes is very fast. There are 7 plantations of ginseng, with an average annual output of more than 10000 Jin. There are more than 10 kinds of grasses. There are more than 40 kinds of wild vegetables such as laojue, cinenya, guangdongcai, Shanqin, natural edible fungi such as mushrooms, Auricularia auricula, Hericium erinaceus, and more than 120 kinds of wild medicinal materials such as Acanthopanax senticosus, Platycodon grandiflorum, Scutellaria baicalensis, bupleurum.

Animal resources

The wild animals include leopard, wolf, beaver, fox, rabbit, weasel, etc., and the deer and mink are raised artificially. The fish are mainly carp, crucian carp, silver carp and catfish. At the beginning of the 21st century, the average annual catch is about 3 million kg. There are three kinds of fishes in Songhua River, and more than 30 kinds of birds, such as sparrow, pigeon and wax beak.

Population nationality

In 2009, the permanent population of Bayan County was 702000; according to the sixth census, the permanent population of Bayan County was 590555. In 2012, 1514 people were born in the county, with a natural growth rate of 0.91 per thousand and a birth rate of 2.46 per thousand, in line with the policy, the fertility rate was 83.82%, and the sex ratio of birth population was 112.04. The population is composed of 15 ethnic groups, including Han, Korean, Hui, Mongolian and Zhuang, with the majority of Han.

Politics

Source: information of Bayan County People's government website in 2013.

Economics

General situation

At the end of 2013, the county's GDP reached 14.3 billion yuan, an increase of 14%. Full scale fiscal revenue reached 700 million yuan, an increase of 9.2%; public fiscal revenue reached 440 million yuan, an increase of 16.6%. Fixed assets investment reached 12.2 billion yuan, an increase of 35%. The total retail sales of social consumer goods reached 6

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