Pingfang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province

Pingfang District, belonging to Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, is located in the southern suburb of Harbin City, 25 kilometers away from the center of the city. It borders Acheng District in the East, Shuangcheng District in the south, Nangang District in the West and Xiangfang District in the north. Pingfang district has jurisdiction over 7 streets and 1 town, with a total area of 93.97 square kilometers and a total population of 192000. The district government is located at 98 Youxie street. In 2009, the gross output value of bungalow area reached 9.56 billion yuan. In the scenic spots of Pingfang District, there are the ruins of the experimental factory of Japanese bacteria invading China.

On December 2, 2017, Pingfang District of Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province won the title of "China's best traditional industrial and cultural tourism area".

Historical evolution

Before the Qing Dynasty

Before Qin Dynasty, it was the activity area of ancient Sushen nationality.

From the late Western Han Dynasty to the two Jin Dynasties, Sushen changed yilou into Fuyu.

In the northern and Southern Dynasties, yilou was renamed Wuji, and it was a territory of Wuji people. After Buji destroyed Fuyu, an Che bone was formed.

In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Wuji was renamed as Pei, and still belonged to the Department of anche bone. In the area of bungalows, there were anche bone Wuji people working and living.

In the early Tang Dynasty, it was called heishuipei. In the first year of Shengli of Tang Dynasty, after 698 ad, it belonged to Zhangjie Prefecture of Bohai State.

At the beginning of Liao Dynasty, it belonged to osazha Department of Binjiang Prefecture, Tokyo.

With the rise of Nuzhen nationality, this area is the place where the Nuzhen Wanyan tribe belongs.

In the Jin Dynasty, the bungalow, only 18 kilometers away from alechuka, was the capital.

Yuan Dynasty belongs to Kaiyuan Road, Liaoyang Province, Ming Dynasty belongs to nuergandusina linhewei and Wula Department of Hulun department.

The Qing Dynasty

In the early Qing Dynasty, it belonged to ningguta angbang Zhangjing.

In 1662 ad, in the first year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, angbang Zhangjing was promoted to the general of ningguta, and the cottage area belonged to him.

In 1676 ad, after the 15th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of ningguta, vice capital and yamen.

In 1725 ad, after the third year of Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, it returned to the jurisdiction of the vice capital of alechuka.

In 1756, in the 21st year of Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty, the territory was redeveloped and villages rose again. Some Han people from Shandong, Hebei, Liaoning and other places took refuge from natural disasters and broke the Qing government's ban. They came here to reclaim wasteland and make a living. They gathered more than ten settlements. Because they were mostly refugees, they were commonly known as "Mintun" or "minren".

In 1874, in the 19th year of Jiaqing reign of Qing Dynasty, the Qing court ordered general Jilin to memorialize. He moved to Qiding, 80 Li northwest of Lalin, and then set up the Shuangcheng assistant leader. This area then belonged to the Shuangcheng assistant leader yamen, which was under the jurisdiction of the vice governor of alechuka.

In 1907, from the 33rd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty to 1911, the first year of the reign of emperor Xuantong of the Qing Dynasty, it belonged to the second police district of Shuangcheng and the langjiashaoguo District Office of the second district.

the Republic of China era

In 1943, Japanese militarists regarded bungalows as an important military base to launch a bacterial war, claiming that "small Harbin, big bungalows", and listed bungalows as one of the ten "satellite cities" of Harbin in the preparation of "pseudo Harbin city capital plan".

In August 1945, the Soviet Red Army took over the old bungalow town and withdrew it in June 1946. Since then, the cottage area has returned to the embrace of the motherland, and the cottage people have gained a new life.

From 1947 to the founding of new China, the eastern part of the cottage area was under the jurisdiction of Xiangfang District of Harbin, while the western part was still under the jurisdiction of the Fourth District of Shuangcheng county.

From 1948 to 1949, the Ministry of military industry of Northeast China set up the military 21 factory on the ruins of the former Japanese aircraft repair factory in the south of jiupingfang town.

After the founding of new China

From 1949 to 1952, based on the military 21 factory, the state successively built two large military enterprises in the former site of Pingfang Town, which created the history of the construction and development of Pingfang city.

In November 1953, the bungalow set up the district level system, which was designated as the suburb of Harbin City and named bungalow district. In 1956, it was changed into a city under the jurisdiction of the city.

Since 1991, there has been no change in the urban system of the city under the jurisdiction of bungalows.

administrative division

By the end of 2019, the district has jurisdiction over 9 sub district offices and hepingfang Town, including Jianshe street, Lianmeng street, Baoguo street, Youxie street, Xinjiang street, Xinwei street, Pingxin street, Pingsheng street and Jian'an street, as well as 33 community residents committees and 11 villagers committees. The people's Government of Pingfang district is located at 98 Youxie street, Youxie street.

geographical environment

Location context

Pingfang district is located in the southern part of Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang Province, on the line of Labin railway. The geographical coordinates are 126 ° 33 ′ 45 ″ e to 126 ° 48 ′ 45 ″ and 45 ° 30 ′ 00 ″ n to 45 ° 40 ′ 00 ″. It borders Acheng District in the East, Shuangcheng District in the south, Hongqi Township in Nangang District in the west, Chaoyang and liming Township in Xiangfang District in the north. The District People's government is located at No. 98 Youxie street, 4km away from Pingfang railway station, about 36.9km away from Harbin Municipal People's government, and about 13.75km away from the provincial people's government.

topographic features

The Pingfang area is located in the southeast uplift of the Songnen subsidence zone of the Xinhua Xia system. It is the edge of fault zone in Songliao depression. The Mesozoic is the ancient river bottom of the depression, and the crust began to rise in the Cenozoic. At the beginning of the fourth century, it subsided slowly and fluctuated in ascending and descending motion, and developed into a Cretaceous lithosphere with a thickness of nearly 1000 meters. The Quaternary deposit geology is formed on the Cretaceous mudstone in the subsidence zone. The geological structure of Pingfang area is characterized by two types of Quaternary sediments and impact materials.

Pingfang district is located in the south of Songnen Plain, Changbai Mountain is the end of zhangguangcailing branch hilly land, and between it and the South Bank of Songhua River. It belongs to the third terrace of Songhua River. Affected by the crustal movement, the landform features of "no mountains, little water, no mineral resources, seven gullies, eight beams and many slopes" are formed. The terrain is high in the South and low in the north, with gentle slope to the northwest.

climate

Bungalow area is located in the mid latitude region, belongs to the mid temperate continental monsoon climate. Affected by Siberian inland cold air mass and subtropical ocean air mass, the climate in this region is long in winter and short in summer, with four distinct seasons. The annual average temperature is 2-3 ℃, the minimum temperature is in January, the average temperature is - 19.2 ℃, and the maximum temperature is in July, the average temperature is 22.96 ℃. The annual average temperature is 2700 ℃ through the accumulated temperature of ≥ 10 ℃. The average annual precipitation is about 520 mm, mostly from July to August. The annual average sunshine time is 2645 hours, and the sunshine rate is 60%. The first frost is as early as September 7 and as late as October 8, and the last frost is as early as April 13 and as late as June 5. The frost free period is 135-140 days. The annual average is 140.9 days.

hydrology

The water resources in cottage area are poor. Affected by topography and geological structure, there are no rivers and lakes in the territory. Surface water resources, mainly relying on atmospheric precipitation, accumulate into several gullies in low-lying areas, and converge into Majiagou River and hejiagou two seasonal rivers and seasonal ponds and paozi. This area has the lowest groundwater level in Harbin area, generally about 50-60m, and the deepest is more than 90m. There is no aquifer in some areas, and groundwater resources are poor.

natural resources

water resource

The water resources in cottage area are poor. After the establishment of new China, there have been four large and medium-sized enterprises in this area. With the increase of urban population, the water consumption of local enterprises and urban and rural construction is increasing. All major enterprises have built water sources with dense electromechanical well groups as the main source. A large amount of underground water is exploited to form a downward funnel of underground water source. The underground aquifer flows to the urban area, causing the groundwater level in urban and rural areas to drop. Liming, hada, Daijia, Shuguang, Gongnong and Hanjiadian villages in Pingfang Township in the southeast of the area, and Gaofeng village in Pingxin Township in the south, have formed a low water area. In these villages, several deep wells have not been drilled for many years, and the drinking water for residents and livestock still depends on shallow underground water and soil wells.

plant resources

In the cottage area, there are elm, poplar, willow, Litsea cubeba, Acer negundo and other arbor plants; there are Salix, hazelnut, vetch, juniper, juniper and other shrubs and vines; there are Huangtaiping, daqiuguo, lingdangguo, cherry, lantern fruit and other fruit trees; there are Echinochloa crusgalli, lyrata, Sparganium, reed, Cinnamomum camphora and other grass plants; there are grass mill, Auricularia auricula, sweet potato skin, garlic And other wild vegetables; there are elm plum, peach, lilac, broom plum and other flowers; there are Artemisia, plantain, Fangfeng, dandelion, pig tooth vegetable and other medicinal plants.

Animal resources

In the cottage area, there are wild animals such as wolves, foxes and rabbits; domestic animals such as pigs, horses, cattle and sheep; birds such as pheasants, ducks and owls; insects such as butterflies, bees and spiders; aquatic animals such as carp, silver carp, grass roots and old head fish; amphibians such as rain frog, frog and horse tongue.

Population nationality

population

According to the fifth census in 2000, the population of bungalow district is 172011, with a natural growth rate of 1.22%. In 2005, the population of bungalow district was 157429. In 2008, the population of bungalow district was 192 000.

nation

At the time of the third population census in 1982, there were 13 regions inhabited by Han nationality. The Han population accounts for 94% of the total population; the Manchu population accounts for 5785, accounting for 0.4%; the Korean population is 1962, the Hui population is 849, the Mongolian population is 140, the Zhuang population is 29, the Xibo population is 18, and the Dong, Yao, Li, Daur, Miao and Hezhe populations are less than 5.

According to the fourth census in 1990, the ethnic composition of the population in bungalow district increased from 13 in 1982 to 15. The number of Yao and Li ethnic groups decreased, while the number of Tujia, Russian, Yi and Ewenki ethnic groups increased. The number of ethnic minorities increased by 1260 from 8799 in 1982. In 1990, there were 10059 ethnic minorities in the region, accounting for 6.5% of the total population. The population distribution and density of all ethnic groups were the same as in 1982.

By 2010, there are Manchu, DPRK, Mongolia, Hui, Daur, Xibe, Hezhe, Oroqen and Ewenki

Chinese PinYin : Hei Long Jiang Sheng Ha Er Bin Shi Ping Fang Qu