Qianguoerlos Mongolian Autonomous County, Songyuan City, Jilin Province

Qianguoerlos Mongolian Autonomous County qianguoerlos Mongolian Autonomous County (referred to as Qianguo County) is the only Mongolian Autonomous County in Jilin Province, which is subordinate to Songyuan City of Jilin Province. Located between 123 ° 35 ′ - 125 ° 18 ′ E and 44 ° 17 ′ - 45 ° 28 ′ n, it belongs to temperate continental monsoon climate. Located in the northwest of Jilin Province and the south of Songnen Plain, the county town and Songyuan City coexist as one city. It is the political, economic and cultural center of Songyuan City. With a total area of 7000 square kilometers and a total population of 600000 (2013).

In 2012, the GDP of the former golros Mongolian Autonomous County reached 48 billion yuan, an increase of 12.9% compared with 2011; the total investment in fixed assets of the whole society reached 21 billion yuan; the total retail sales of social consumer goods reached 13.2 billion yuan.

There are more than 100 historic sites in Qianguo County, and 100 intangible cultural heritage protection projects at all levels, including 9 national level projects. It is named "the hometown of Chinese horse head Qin" by the Chinese National Orchestra Society and "the hometown of Chinese folk culture and art" by the Ministry of culture.

On December 12, 2018, it was named as the second batch of "green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains" practice and innovation bases. In 2019, it was listed as the second batch of national agricultural product quality and safety counties.

History of construction

"Gollus" comes from the translation of the ancient Mongolian tribe name "horolas", which means "River". The former Guoerluosi is located on the South Bank of Songhua River, so it means "Jiangnan" in Mongolian. The Neolithic remains found in manghananshatuozi, yaohaote, Gudian Township, Qianguo County prove that human activities existed 5000 years ago.

In the Western Zhou Dynasty, spring and Autumn period and Warring States period, it was a place of filth.

In the middle of Han, Wei, Jin and southern and Northern Dynasties, it belonged to Fuyu state. It was occupied by Koguryo in the early Tang Dynasty.

In the Bohai period of Tang Dynasty, it belonged to Fuyu mansion.

In Liao Dynasty, it was a nomadic land of Qidan 20 tribes, which was under the jurisdiction of Changchun Prefecture, linhuang Prefecture, Shangjing road. The site of Changchun is the beitahucheng site of beishangtaizi village, balang Township, Qianguo County.

In the early Jin Dynasty, it was still under the jurisdiction of Changchun. In 1150, Changchun was reduced to a county. In the third year of Cheng'an (1198), Taizhou was established in Changchun County, and was subordinate to the Changde army of Taizhou.

Yuan Dynasty belongs to Kaiyuan Road. After the 23rd year of the Yuan Dynasty (1286), it was under the jurisdiction of Liaoyang province and Zhongshu province.

In the early Ming Dynasty, it was controlled by nahachu, a descendant of Mu Huali, a meritorious official in the early Yuan Dynasty. In 1387, Naha came out to subdue the Ming Dynasty. In the 22nd year of Hongwu (1389) in May, the Ming Dynasty set up the command department of three guards, Taining, Duoyan and Fuyu. At this time, the local government was under the jurisdiction of three guards. In the first year of Hongxi of Ming Dynasty (1425), there was civil strife in the eastern part of Tatar. Kuimonktashara, the 14th sun of habutuhasar, the ancestor of Yuan Dynasty, was forced to swim in Fuyu Wei and later became Fuyu Wei commander. In the spring of 1447, Taining, Duoyan and Fuyu attacked and were defeated by the Ming army. At this time, the Mongol Wara and the Mongol Wara came first, the three guards did not support, Taining and duoyanjiang came first, and the dufuyu Guard commander quemengketas Hara avoided the naowen River (Nenjiang River) and occupied the place, named nenhorqin. In the Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, nenkerqin was divided into four parts, namely, Kerqin and its right-wing zarait, duerbert and left-wing Guoerluosi. Golroth gave part of it to ubash, the grandson of kumonktas Hara (the 16th grandson of habutu hasar), the second banner.

In the first year of Chongde (1636) of the Qing Dynasty, Gumu, the grandson of wubashi (the grandson of quemenktas Hara V), participated in the grand ceremony of imperial Taiji for his meritorious service in the Ming Dynasty, and Xugong was granted the title of "zasak Fuguo Gong, imperial edict for succession". From then on, the two banners of guoerluobu were under the jurisdiction of Gumu. In the fifth year of Shunzhi (1648), bumuba, the elder brother of Gumu, was granted the title of "the Duke of zazazak Town, who ordered him to be hereditary.". Along the Songhua River, the two banners of Guoerluosi have a clear boundary, which are divided into front and back (South and North) banners, shimaoqian banner of Gumu system (commonly known as Nangong) and shimaohou banner of bumuba system. This is the beginning of the Front Banner System of Gorros. In the Qing Dynasty, the system of alliance and flag was carried out. The front and back banners of Guoerluosi, together with the six banners of Horqin, duerbert and zalait, joined in Zhelimu. Guoerluosi Front Banner belongs to one of the ten banners of Zhelimu League and belongs to the Li Fan yuan of Qing Dynasty.

The first year of the Republic of China (1912), the establishment of the Republic of China, followed the early Qing Dynasty system, Guoerluosi banner is still a Zhelimu League. In 1932, it became a colony of Japanese imperialism under the jurisdiction of Jilin Province. In 1945, after the restoration of Northeast China, due to the changes of the current situation, the former banner of Gorros changed its subordination. In January of 1946, it was subordinate to the administrative office of Jijiang province; in February of the same year, Guoqian banner government was established; in June, it was subordinate to the third special office of Liaoji province; in September, it was subordinate to the second special office of Liaoji province. In July 1948, it was subordinate to Nenjiang province.

In May 1949, it was under the jurisdiction of Jilin Province.

On September 27, 1955, the 19th plenary session of the State Council discussed and adopted the "decision on Abolishing the system of Guoerluosi Front Banner and establishing the former Guoerluosi Mongolian Autonomous County".

On January 1, 1956, the former gollus Mongolian Autonomous County was officially established.

In April 1956, it was subordinate to Baicheng District of Jilin Province.

On June 6, 1992, the prefecture level Songyuan City was established under the jurisdiction of Songyuan City.

administrative division

As of 2013, the former golros Mongolian Autonomous County has jurisdiction over 22 townships (towns), 16 state-owned agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishing grounds, and 233 villages.

Jurisdiction: Qianguo Town, Changshan Town, haiborigo town (shenjingzi town), ulantuga Town, Chaganhua Town, wangfuzhan Town, balang Town, halamaudu Town, Baodian Township, Pingfeng Township, Mongolia Aili Township, daliba Township, jilatu Township, baiyilaga township (Xinli township), Hongquan Township, ERU township (Dashan township), taohaotai Township, Changlong Township, ulantala Township, dongsanjiazi township , Haote mangha township (Gudian township), Wulan aodu township.

geographical position

Location context

In terms of geographical coordinates, qiangoros Mongolian Autonomous County is located between 123 ° 35 ′ - 125 ° 19 ′ E and 44 ° 17 ′ - 45 ° 28 ′ n. Zhaoyuan County of Heilongjiang Province is separated by Nenjiang in the north; Fuyu city is separated by Songhua River in the Northeast; Nong'an County in the southeast; Changling County in the southwest; Qian'an County in the West; Da'an City in the northwest. The county is located in the planning area of Songyuan City, adjacent to Ningjiang district.

The county is 136 kilometers long from east to west and 130 kilometers wide from north to south, showing a "boot" shape. The total area is 7000 square kilometers.

climate

Qianguoerluosi Mongolian Autonomous County has a temperate continental monsoon climate with four distinct seasons. The maximum temperature and minimum temperature are about plus or minus 36 ℃. It is dry and windy in spring, hot and humid in summer, cool in autumn, large temperature difference between day and night, cold in winter, less snow and long freezing period. The annual average number of sunny days is 110 days, the annual average sunshine hours is 2879 hours, and the annual average temperature is 4.5 ℃. The first frost period is generally in the middle and late September, the final frost period is generally from the end of April to the beginning of May, and the frost free period is 130 to 140 days. The annual average precipitation is 400-500mm. The annual evaporation is more than 1200 mm. The evaporation from April to May was 531.2 mm, accounting for 45.2% of the annual evaporation.

soil

The soil in qiangoluosi Mongolian Autonomous County can be divided into 11 soil types, 48 soil genera and 109 soil species, including chernozem, meadow soil, aeolian sandy soil, saline alkali soil, swamp soil and peat soil.

topographic features

The topography of qiangoluosi Mongolian Autonomous County changes from high to low, with southwest northeast trend, and gradually becomes flat from platform and wind erosion hillock. The highest altitude is 292.4 meters (Jianshanzi, Hongquan township), and the lowest altitude is 126.5 meters (Chagan Lake bottom). Songhua River and Nenjiang river flow through the eastern and northern border, forming alluvial plain along the river.

hydrology

There are three rivers and 27 lakes in the former gollus Mongolian Autonomous County.

The second Songhua River

The second Songhua River enters Xiaochengzi village, halamaudu Township, Qianguo County. It flows from south to north through wangfuzhan Town, jilatu Township, maoduzhan town to shijiahu village, Pingfeng township. It joins Nenjiang River and flows to the East as Songhua River. The flow in the county is 90 km, the width of the main channel is 420-1000 m, and the gradient is 0.1 ‰ - 0.17 ‰.

In dry season, the water depth is 4-6m and the flow velocity is 1-1.5m/s. The maximum flow occurs from August to September. According to the records of Fuyu hydrological station from 1955 to 1985, the average annual runoff is 15.2 billion cubic meters, the maximum average annual runoff (1956) is 792 cubic meters per second, and the corresponding water level is 95.73 meters; the minimum annual runoff (1979) is 174 cubic meters per second, and the corresponding water level is 93.97 meters. The maximum flood discharge (August 1, 1956) is 6750 m3 / s. The corresponding water level is 99.15m.

In the south of the county, there are five primary tributaries (lamagou, amusier, zhangjingyingzi, Guojiadian and donglehe) on the left bank of the second Songhua River, all of which are springs. In summer, there is surface runoff supply, and the water quantity varies greatly between winter and summer.

Nenjiang

Nenjiang River flows into sijiazi village, balang Township, Qianguo County, from west to East, to sanchahekou, shijiahu village, Pingfeng Township, and converges with the second Songhua River to the East. The county is 25 kilometers long. The river gradient is 1 / 28500. The riverbed is muddy loam, with an average width of 450 meters, an average depth of 10-15 meters, and the deepest riverbed of 19.21 meters. The maximum discharge occurred from August to September with the maximum value of 8810 m3 / S (1969), the minimum discharge occurred from January to February with the minimum value of 185 m3 / S (1965), and the minimum water level was 121.92 m (1979)

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