Olunchun Autonomous Banner, Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Olunchun Autonomous Banner, which belongs to Hulunbuir city of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is located in the northeast of Hulunbuir City, the south foot of Daxinganling and the West Bank of Nenjiang River. It is bounded by yilehuli mountain in Huma County of Heilongjiang Province in the north, Nenjiang city of Heilongjiang Province in the East, moridawa Daur Autonomous Banner and Arong Banner in the south, Genhe City and Yakeshi city in the West. The total area of the banner is 59800 square kilometers, with a total population of 240000 (excluding Jiagedaqi district and Songling District). Hulunbuir city is the largest county-level administrative region. It is known as the "northern Jasper", "green pure land" and "birthplace of Xianbei nationality".

Oroqen Autonomous Banner governs 8 towns and 2 townships. There are 6 forest industry and forestry bureaus, 4 state farms and Heilongjiang Daxing'anling agriculture industry and Commerce United Company under Daxing'anling key state-owned Forest Management Bureau of Inner Mongolia, and there are Heilongjiang Daxing'anling Prefecture Party committee, administrative office, Forest Management Bureau, Jiagedaqi District, Songling district and Jiagedaqi district Songling district covers an area of 18910 square kilometers, accounting for nearly one third of the total area of the Autonomous Banner.

On September 25, 2018, it won the honorary title of "2018 e-commerce into rural comprehensive demonstration county" of the Ministry of Commerce. On March 4, 2020, the people's Government of the autonomous region agreed to withdraw from the poverty-stricken banner county sequence.

Historical evolution

The territory of Oroqen Autonomous Banner is the place of Donghu, which is the first one to be seen in historical records. In 209 BC, the Huns defeated Donghu and occupied its territory.

In Han Dynasty, he lived in Tuoba Xianbei. From the later Wei Dynasty to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was Shiwei. Liao is under the jurisdiction of Shangjing Road, Northeast Road. Jin is the jurisdiction of PU and Lu.

The Yuan Dynasty was under the jurisdiction of Liaodong Road in Shanbei of Liaoyang province. The Ming Dynasty was under the command of nurgandu.

From 1616-1626 to 1627-1636, the Suolun tribe (the general name of Oroqen, Ewenki, Daur and other banners in the early Qing Dynasty) living in the middle and upper reaches of Heilongjiang province gradually attached to the Qing Dynasty and paid tribute to the imperial court.

During the Shunzhi period (1644-1661), the Oroqen, Ewenki, Daur and other ethnic groups living in the North Bank of Heilongjiang Province were moved to live in the South Bank of Heilongjiang Province. Most of the Oroqen people were moved to the primeval forests on both sides of the duobukur River, Gan River, NOMIN River, naduli River, Tuo River and other tributaries of Nenjiang River on the east slope of Daxinganling Mountains to hunt. It was under the direct jurisdiction of the central court of the Qing government.

In 1683, the Qing government set up Heilongjiang general, and the Oroqen people were under the jurisdiction of Heilongjiang general.

Guangxu eight years (1882), in the Great Xing'an Mountains on Taipingwan (five roads in the land), the establishment of Xing'an City chief guest yamen, set up the Deputy capital to head the general manager. And set up a group of Oroqen deputy manager, zuoling, Xiaoqi school and other officials.

After the 1911 Revolution, under the rule of the Northern Warlords and the Kuomintang, the luzuo organization, which was in charge of the Oroqen people, had no essential change. It just abolished the Eight Banners organization, and put the former Kumar Road, Bilar Road, Ali road and dobukur road under the jurisdiction of the flag branch of Heilongjiang provincial supervision office. Tuohe road is still under the jurisdiction of Hulunbuir deputy Dutong Yamen.

The September 18th Incident in 1931. The Japanese invaders occupied Northeast China in 1932. In March of the same year, the puppet regime of Manchukuo was established in the puppet Xinjing (now Changchun City). The puppet Manchukuo carried out the policy of divide and rule. The eastern Xing'an sub province was set up to govern the east of the Great Xing'an Mountains, and the northern Xing'an sub province to govern the West of the Great Xing'an Mountains. On June 27, Oroqen banner was established in the area of Tuohe, and Bayan town was established in Erhe of today's moridawa Daur Autonomous Banner to govern most areas of today's Oroqen Autonomous Banner. On August 1, Shenggou was appointed head of Oroqen banner and zhuorentobu was appointed head of Bayan banner. Because there were no fixed residents in Oroqen banner, the puppet Manchukuo abolished Oroqen banner on July 12, 1933.

In 1934, Eastern and northern provinces of Xing'an were changed into eastern and northern provinces of Xing'an. Bayan banner under the jurisdiction of Eastern Xing'an governs dobukur nutuk and gankui nutuk in today's Oroqen banner. Xing'an North Province governs the administrative affairs of the Oroqen people in Tuohe road.

After 1937, the administrative power in Oroqen Autonomous Banner was directly controlled by the Japanese secret service.

After the surrender of Japan in August 1945, the Hulunbuir autonomous provincial government was established in Hailar on October 8.

In March 1946, it was renamed Hulunbuir provisional local self-government, and in the name of erchinbatu, the president of the government, appointed Xinjun of Tuohe road as the head of Oroqen banner to administer the regional administration of Tuohe road. However, due to the scattered residence of the hunters in Oroqen, it was not settled without the exercise of administrative power.

In January 1946, Nawen Muren province was established in the former xinganton province. On June 7, it was renamed as Nawen Muren League, under the jurisdiction of Molidawa banner and Bayan banner. In July 1948, nominutuk was established in xiaoergou area, under the leadership of Molidawa banner.

At the beginning of 1948, the Communist Party of China convened a meeting of Oroqen hunters in the Ganhe, Guli, dobukur and kuiler river basins, and decided to establish Oroqen nutuk, which is located in Chaoyang and belongs to Bayan banner.

In April 1949, the Nawen Muren League was merged with Hulunbeier League, which was called Hulunbeier Nawen Muren League (Hulunbeier League for short). At the same time, Bayan banner and Molidawa banner were joined together, which was called Molidawa banner. NOMIN and Olunchun nutuk belonged to Molidawa banner.

In 1950, Olunchun nutuk was renamed ganquinutuk. In the same year, tozaminutuk was established in the original Tuohe Road area, under Xigui Tuqi.

On April 7, 1951, the Government Affairs Council of the Central People's Government approved the establishment of Oroqen banner in gankui, NOMIN, dobukur and tozaming of xiguitu banner, which belong to Molidawa banner. It is located in xiaoergou (now NOMIN town), and is led by Huna League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

On May 31, 1952, the people's Government of Olunchun banner was renamed as the people's Government of Olunchun Autonomous Banner, which was under the jurisdiction of Huna League. This is the first autonomous banner of ethnic minorities since the founding of new China.

In 1954, Xing'an League was merged into Huna League, which was called Hulunbeier League. The Autonomous Banner of Olunchun was under the jurisdiction of Hulunbeier League.

At the end of 1958, the banner government moved from xiaoergou to Alihe town.

In July 1969, along with Hulunbeier League, it was put under the jurisdiction of Heilongjiang Province.

In April 1970, it was assigned to Daxinganling area of Heilongjiang Province

On July 1, 1979, it was returned to Hulunbuir League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

In 2001, Hulunbuir League was transformed into prefecture level Hulunbuir City, and Olunchun Autonomous Banner was subordinate to Hulunbuir city.

On March 4, 2020, the people's Government of the autonomous region agreed to withdraw from the poverty-stricken banner county sequence.

administrative division

Oroqen Autonomous Banner governs 10 township level administrative regions, including 8 towns and 2 townships, namely Alihe Town, Dayangshu Town, Jiwen Town, Ganhe Town, Keyihe Town, wulubuti Town, NOMIN Town, Yili Town, tuozamin town and Guli town. Among them, Guli township has Jiagedaqi district and Songling district under the jurisdiction of Daxinganling region in Heilongjiang Province. The people's Government of Olunchun Autonomous Banner is located in Alihe town.

geographical environment

Location context

Olunchun Autonomous Banner is located in the northeast of Hulunbeier City, the south foot of daguang'anling, the West Bank of Nenjiang River, between east longitude 121 ° 55 ′～ 126 ° 10 ′, north latitude 48 ° 50 ′～ 51 ° 25 ′. It is bounded by yilehuli mountain in Huma County of Heilongjiang Province in the north, Nenjiang County of Heilongjiang Province across the river in the East, Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner and Arong Banner in the south, Genhe City and Yakeshi city in the West. The total area of the whole banner is 59880 square kilometers.

climate

Oroqen Autonomous Banner belongs to the cold temperate semi humid continental monsoon climate with significant changes in four seasons. The average annual temperature is between - 2.7 and - 0.8oc, increasing from west to East. The highest temperature in July is 17.9 ~ 19.8oc, the highest temperature is 37.5oc, and the average frost free period is 95 days. The average annual wind speed is 1.8 ~ 2.9 M / s. The annual precipitation is 459.3 ~ 493.4 mm.

natural resources

mineral resources

Up to 2009, more than 10 kinds of coal, gold, silver, aluminum, fluorite, limestone, silica, pengruntu, graphite, etc. have been proved to have mining value. There are 2 coal mines, 1 small-scale gold mine and 1 fluorite mine, and 1 oil shale experimental processing production. The reserves of coal resources are about 100 million tons.

water resource

The total amount of surface water resources is 9.65 billion cubic meters, accounting for 35.5% of the whole city. The total river basin area is 51000 square kilometers, accounting for 20% of the whole city; the theoretical reserves of hydropower resources reach 1.638 billion kilowatt hours, there are more than 20 excellent power station dam sites, with a total storage capacity of 3.2 billion cubic meters, an installed capacity of 250000 kilowatts, and a static investment of 2.296 billion yuan. Bilahaekou water conservancy project is the largest water conservancy project in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The underground water is shallow, easy to be well formed, good in water quality, rich in minerals, with reserves of about 200 million cubic meters (refers to the shallow fresh water with salinity less than 2 g / L), and there are many natural drinking mineral water mining sites.

The main rivers in this banner are Gan River, NOMIN River, oken River, dobukur River, Guli River and naduli River, all of which belong to the water system on the right bank of Nenjiang River. There are more than 200 tributaries.

Biological resources

There are more than 150 kinds of wild animals, and more than 30 kinds of first and second grade wild animals under state protection. There are more than 10 species of economic fish in the forest. There are more than 300 kinds of mountain products such as Chinese herbal medicine, Pteridium aquilinum, daylily, Artemisia selengensis, mushroom, Hericium erinaceus, Auricularia auricula, red bean and blueberry growing in the forest. The main crops are soybeans, beans, rape, potatoes

Chinese PinYin : Nei Meng Gu Zi Zhi Qu Hu Lun Bei Er Shi E Lun Chun Zi Zhi Qi