Tekes County, Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Tekes County, a county under the jurisdiction of Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, is located in the eastern part of Tekes River Valley in the upper reaches of Yili River. The county is 116 kilometers away from Yining City and 815 kilometers away from Urumqi. It is adjacent to Gongliu County in the East and North, Hejing County in the East, Zhaosu County in the west, Baicheng County in the South and Chabuchar County in the north.

The terrain of the whole county is high in the South and low in the East and West. In the south is the South Tianshan Mountain, in the north is the Middle Tianshan Mountain, and in the middle is the flat land of the Tekes River Valley, tilting from west to East. The Tex river runs through the whole territory from west to East. It is rich in mineral resources. With a total area of 8352 square kilometers, the county has jurisdiction over 1 town, 7 townships, 6 farms and 1 beekeeping farm. County in Xinjiang Military Region horse farm, agricultural division 78 regiment and Tianxi Bureau tex forest farm. The registered residence population was 166337 in 2019. 2672 fewer than at the end of last year. Among them, the urban population is 56191, and the rural population is 110146. The minority population is 138083, accounting for 83.01% of the total population. Tekes county is the only complete and formal Bagua city in China. In 2008, it was approved as the fourth batch of famous historical and cultural cities by the State Council.

In 2017, it won the title of "National Garden County". The first batch of national agricultural sustainable development experimental demonstration zones. On September 26, 2018, it won the title of "China's natural oxygen bar" in 2018. On October 9, 2020, it was awarded the title of the fourth batch of national ecological civilization construction demonstration cities and counties by the Ministry of ecological environment.

Evolution of organizational system

The origin of the name

"Tekes" means "wild goat" or "shady face, shady slope" in Turkic and "tekexie" in Mongolian.

Before 176 BC, the Turks were inhabited by Cypriots. There are still cemeteries of Cypriots in maiteger, kuoksu valley.

Historical evolution

From the fourth year of the first Yuan Dynasty to the third year of the second Yuan Dynasty (176-161 BC) of the Western Han Dynasty, the Yue people, who originally lived between Dunhuang and Qilian, were defeated by the Huns and moved westward, expelling the Saizhong people and occupying the area of the Yili River Tekes River Basin.

From the second year of Jianyuan to the sixth year of Yuanguang in the Western Han Dynasty (139-129 BC), the king of Wusun and the Hun laoshangchanyu jointly attacked the Dayue family. The Dayue people moved to the west of Daxia. The Wusun people established the famous Wusun state in the Yili River and Tekes River Basin. Wusun state and Han Dynasty are inextricably linked.

In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Tekes county was a Western Turkic area. After the unification of the western regions in the Tang Dynasty, the Tekes River Basin was under the jurisdiction of the governor of the western regions.

In the 10th century, karakhanate was established. In 1130, karakhanate was destroyed by the Western Liao Dynasty, and Tekes belonged to the Western Liao Dynasty. Genghis Khan unified the western regions, and the Tekes River Basin was the fief of Chagatai, the second son of Genghis Khan, which was called Chagatai Khanate in history.

In the Ming Dynasty, it was a nomadic land of the Mongolian Wei lat (also known as Wala and erlut).

In the early Qing Dynasty, Tekes was the active area of Junggar (one of the four Mongolian tribes of weilat). In 1762, after the Qing government put down the rebellion in Junggar, Yili general was set up to govern the north and south of Tianshan. In May 1871, Russia occupied ILI, and the Tekes River Basin became a Russian occupied area. In the early years of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, Minister Chonghou signed a contract with tsarist Russia to cede the Tekes river basin to Russia. The news shocked the whole country, and Zeng Jize tried to return it.

After the founding of Xinjiang Province in 1884, the Tekes area was under the jurisdiction of yitadao. Ningyuan county was established in 1888, and Tekes belonged to Ningyuan county.

In January of 1914, Ningyuan county was renamed Yining County because of the same name as Ningyuan County in Hunan Province and Ningyuan County in Gansu Province.

In February 1930, the Ministry of internal affairs of the national government formulated the "Regulations on the organization of the establishment of administrative bureau", which was promulgated and implemented on June 2, 1930. In the following year, Gongliu county was approved to set up the Tekes County Administration Bureau. The jurisdiction includes the whole territory of Tekes Zhaosu and jiergying township of Gongliu county. The administration bureau is located in Kebu (now kuobu village, Qile wuzeke township).

On March 1, 1937, the Tekes Administrative Bureau was officially promoted to the county.

In February of 1938, Zhaosu set up a governing Bureau, which was set up in tex county. On October 22, 1939, Tex New Street City (now tex town) was built, and the county government moved in from Cobb.

In 1943, Tekes county was subordinate to Ili special administration. In November 1944, the "Yining uprising" broke out and the three districts (ILI, Tacheng and Altay) provisional revolutionary government was established. Xijun, head of Tekes County, abandoned the city and fled to southern Xinjiang. Tex county is subordinate to the revolutionary provisional government of the three districts.

On January 1, 1945, the provisional revolutionary government of the three districts decided to change Tekes county to kizilkure county.

On December 19, 1951, in accordance with the spirit of the "instructions on the change of place names" issued by the State Council of the people's Republic of China, Tekes was used as the name of the county.

In 2002, it belonged to Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

administrative division

Tekes County governs one town, five townships and two ethnic townships: Tekes Town, hujiert Mongolian Township, kekesu Township, qileuzeke Township, kuokiterike Kirgiz Township, qiaolactiereke Township, karadala Township and karatohai township.

geographical environment

Location context

Tekes county is located in the east end of TeZhao basin in the west of the northern foot of Tianshan Mountain, which belongs to Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture. Its geographical coordinates are 42 ° 22 ′ 30 ″ - 43 ° 25 ′ 30 ″ N and 81 ° 19 ′ 00 ″ - 82 ° 37 ′ 30 ″ E. It is adjacent to Gongliu county and Hejing County in the East, Zhaosu County in the west, Baicheng County in the South and Gongliu county and Chabuchar County in the north. It is a county which is mainly based on animal husbandry and combines agriculture with animal husbandry. It is 109km wide from east to west and 116km long from north to south. The Tekes river runs from east to West in the middle, Wusun mountain in the north and Tianshan Mountain in the south. The county is 116 kilometers away from Yining City and 815 kilometers away from Urumqi.

landforms

Tekes county is a mountainous county, 93% of which is hilly land. Tekes county is 900-1200 meters above sea level, the main ridge of Tianshan Mountain in the south is 4902 meters above sea level, and Wusun mountain in the north is 3500 meters above sea level.

climate

Located in the inversion zone, it is a typical north temperate continental climate with abundant sunlight resources. The annual average temperature of the whole county is 5.3 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 36.7 ℃, the extreme minimum temperature is - 33.4 ℃, the effective accumulated temperature is 2292.2 ℃, the average annual sunshine hours is 2732.2 hours, the average temperature of the hottest month (July) is 18.0 ℃, the coldest month (January) - 11. ℃, the relative humidity is more than 67%, the average annual precipitation is 375 mm, the frost free period is 118 days, the average annual precipitation is 382.8 mm, the average annual precipitation is average The average evaporation is 1456.8 mm. No severe cold and heat, no dry heat, clean air, high negative oxygen ion content, no mosquitoes, no pollution, four distinct seasons.

natural resources

Forestry resources

The forest resources of Tex county are composed of three parts: Mountain primeval forest, plain Valley secondary forest and artificial forestation in agricultural area. As of 2013, 113000 hectares of forest land have been zoned, including 84800 hectares of virgin forest in mountainous area, 9900 hectares of secondary forest in plain Valley, 18300 hectares of artificial forest, 69800 hectares of forest land, 14.86 million cubic meters of live forest, and 9.12% of forest resource coverage in the county. The reserve area of artificial afforestation in the whole county is 7400 hectares. The artificial afforestation consists of "Three North" Shelterbelt System, timber forest, conversion of farmland to forest and "four side" greening. Among them, the reserve area of "Three North" Shelterbelt System is 18000 hectares, timber forest is 0900 hectares, conversion of farmland to forest is 2600 hectares, afforestation on barren hills is 17000 hectares, and "four side" greening is carried out 0.04 million hectares.

water resource

The Tekes river is rich in energy resources. The theoretical reserve of the basin is 7.92 million kilowatts, the normal flow is 180 cubic meters per second, and the annual runoff is about 6 billion cubic meters, accounting for 6% of the total amount of water in Xinjiang. It extends 100 kilometers in the county with a drop of 500 meters. The maximum flow is 818 m3 / s and the minimum flow is 34.6 m3 / s. The accumulated water area is 4554 square kilometers, accounting for 57% of the total area of the county. The annual runoff is 2.221 billion cubic meters, accounting for 39% of the total water volume of the county. The length of the territory is 152 kilometers. The normal flow is 70 cubic meters per second, the maximum flow is 188.4 cubic meters per second, and the minimum flow is 14.9 cubic meters per second.

mineral resources

Tekes county is rich in mineral resources, with cash (sand gold), platinum (Platinum), silver, tungsten, lead, zinc, molybdenum, copper, nickel, cobalt and other metal minerals; granite, quartzite, dolomite, limestone, axial jade, serpentine, marble, talc, brick and tile loess and other building material minerals. More than 20 kinds of minerals are distributed in more than 40 places, including copper, nickel, cobalt, gold (sand gold), platinum, tungsten and other metal deposits, quartzite, dolomite, limestone, brick and tile loess and other building materials. Coal resources and energy minerals have potential resources for exploitation.

Biological resources

There are Tianshan red deer, snow leopard, brown bear, Tianshan antelope, North goat, snow chicken, grouse, stone chicken and other national first and second level rare protected animals in tex county. The main artificially raised animals are Xinjiang fine wool sheep, Kazak sheep, Xinjiang brown cattle, Simmental cattle, Holstein cattle, Ili horses, chickens, ducks and geese

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