Yanqi Hui Autonomous County, Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Yanqi Hui Autonomous County Yanqi Hui Autonomous County is subordinate to Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Located in the hinterland of Yanqi basin at the southern foot of Tianshan Mountain, it is located in the traffic artery of southern and Northern Xinjiang, bordering Bohu County in the southeast, Hejing county and Heshuo County in the north, Korla City in the south, and Korla City and Luntai County in the southwest. The total administrative area of the county is 2570.88 square kilometers, with jurisdiction over 10 Township farms.

Yanqi is one of the important material distribution centers in northern and southern Xinjiang. It is the business center of the neighboring Hejing County, Heshuo County, Bohu county and the eight regiments of the second agricultural division of BINGTUAN.

In 2018, the national health county (township) was reconfirmed. On January 22, 2020, it was named National Garden County by the Ministry of housing and urban rural development.

In 2010, the GDP of Yanqi Hui Autonomous County was 3.42 billion yuan.

Historical evolution

Textual research on County names

In the dictionary of Chinese loanwords compiled by Mr. Liu Zhengshu and others, there are 10 kinds of transliteration of the word "Yanzhi" scattered in the vast number of ancient books as follows: Yanzhi, Yanzhi, Yanzhi, Rouzhi, Yanzhi, Yanzhi, Yanzhi, Yanzhi, Yanzhi, Yanzhi, Yanzhi, Yanzhi, Yanzhi, Yanqi and YANTI. The name of Yanqi in Chinese ancient books, Han and Tang Dynasties, there are basically three writing methods: Two Han Dynasty, Jin Dynasty, Wei Dynasty, Zhou Dynasty, Sui Dynasty, new Tang Dynasty, old Tang Dynasty, biography of eminent monk, continuation of biography of eminent monk, wukongxingji are all written by Yanqi; the Buddhist kingdom, shuijingzhu and shishishixiyu are written by Wuyi; the western regions of the great Tang Dynasty are written by Yanqi It's called a Yanni. Later, various schools of scholars had different opinions and were at loggerheads. According to Japan's Mr. matsutada Shounan, akini is an elegant name used by ancient Yanqi monks, which makes the word Yanqi Sanskrit. In Sanskrit, ajini means God of fire. Some Chinese scholars point out that Wuyi and aqini are homonyms of Yanqi.

The semantic meaning of the word "Yanqi" includes 10 kinds of writing methods, which are different from each other. It can be divided into three kinds: (1) the name of the mountain is Yanzhi mountain (this mountain is located between Shandan County and Yongchang County in Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province, now known as Dahuang Mountain). The word "Yanzhi" was first seen in the biography of Xiongnu in historical records, which said that Huo Qubing, the Hussar General of the Han Dynasty, rode Wanqi out of Longxi, crossed Yanzhi mountain for more than 1000 Li and attacked Xiongnu. "(2) refers to a kind of plant called red and blue. Northerners rub the brightest part of its flowers to make rouge. (3) A dye made of red and blue. According to historical records, there is a kind of plant named red and blue at the foot of Yanzhi mountain. The women of Xiongnu picked fresh red and blue flowers to make Yanzhi to wipe their faces, so that after Huo Qubing was conquered by the Han Dynasty, there was a song of Xiongnu saying, "kill me Qilian mountain, make my six animals restless; lose me Yanzhi mountain, make my women colorless. "Li Bai, the great poet of Tang Dynasty, also reflected in his poems that" Yan Zhi fell into the Han family, and women were colorless. From the above records, we can be sure that the word "Yanzhi" interpreted in Chinese is the word "color" in the local minority languages.

The etymology of the word "Yanqi" is indicated as "originated from Xiongnu" under the data of "Yanzhi" in the dictionary of Chinese loanwords. But scholars believe that before Huo Qubing attacked Hexi area, Hexi area was occupied by Xiongnu, and before Xiongnu, it was occupied by zeyueshi (east of Zhangye) and Wusun (West of Zhangye), "Yanzhishan" was the name of Yueshi who lived there before Xiongnu entered the area. Dayue family is called sairen in Chinese history books and saga in ancient Persian Literature. Scholars who study the history of Xiongnu once recorded that the Xiongnu and the Dayue clan fought for supremacy for a long time. Until the second century BC, Dayue clan was forced by Xiongnu and moved to the West. The language of the Cypriots is confirmed to be Eastern Iranian (also known as Eastern Iranian). The conclusion is that "Yanzhi" in Chinese historical books is translated from the Persian pronunciation of the eastern Ilan language, which is a loan word in Xiongnu language.

Source of residents

During the reign of Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, the imperial court stationed troops in Balikun, Hami and Turpan, and sent troops to attack Junggar many times. At that time, in addition to some of the soldiers from Shaanxi, Gansu and Hui nationality, there were also some soldiers from Shaanxi, Gansu and Hui nationality who were with the army, who were driving cars and shouting donkeys to transport equipment, grain and socks, as well as small merchants who were doing business with the army.

In 1758, after the Qing government put down the rebellion in Junggar, the Qing government carried out the strategy of "emigrating to the border" while "stationing troops to the border". During the 60 years from Jiaqing to Xianfeng, the Qing government moved from Shaanxi and Gansu to many households in Northern Xinjiang. Some of these people later moved to Yanqi. Because the Kaidu River is rich in water, fertile land on both sides of the river, pasture everywhere, cattle and sheep, it is a good place for survival, so people settled down.

In the 23rd year of Daoguang (1843), Quan qingzou, the Minister of kalashar affairs, asked the Qing government to withdraw 302 troops from Dingkou, and instead recruited nearly 100 families of Hui merchants from Xining, Linxia, Guyuan and Pingliang to cultivate the garrison fields. After that, many veterans continued to stay, farming, herding, doing business and working here for survival and development. It has been passed on from generation to generation and gradually became a local aborigine, claiming to be an outsider.

In 1877, Bai Yanhu, one of the leaders of the Hui uprising in Weinan, Shaanxi Province, fought against the Qing army for 15 years. He was eventually defeated and retreated through Yanqi under the pursuit of the Qing army. The Qing army resettled the Hui and Mongolian people and the rest of baiyanhu from Urumqi, Hami and Turpan. Zuo Zongtang asked the Qing government to set up the Fuyi rehabilitation bureau to help these people settle down here. Fei Daozhou, who presided over the rehabilitation work of Fuyi, also recruited hundreds of Hui people from the pass to help them settle down with farming cattle, farm tools, seeds and living materials. In these two projects, more than 2200 men and 1600 women were resettled. This is the largest group of Shaanxi Hui people who moved to Yanying. These people first came to Yanqi to manage agriculture, animal husbandry and commerce.

In 1894, Ma Lin, Han Wenxiu, Ma Ji, Liu Tongchun (also known as Liu Si, Liu Sifu) and ye Zhuma, the leaders of the Hui people in Qinghai, led tens of thousands of people to oppose the national oppression and exorbitant taxes of the Qing government. In the Hehuang uprising, they fought in Xunhua, Hezhou, Didao and Xining, and then passed through Chaidamu, Qinghai Province In Lop Nur, Xinjiang, Liu Si was defeated and captured in the battle of he'er'ang (place name), and the rebel army failed. The Qing government took care of thousands of people. These people were first placed in Puchang area of Yuli, and then transferred to tieganli. At that time, the land was full of sand and barren land, with few people and poor harvest every year. People lived in hardship, and in a few years, some people fled.

In the 29th year of Guangxu (1903), Yanqi magistrate Liu Jiade moved them to the horse farm terrace (formerly an official horse farm) on the South Bank of Kaidu River, and named it fuhuizhuang. Xining Hui people, who live in the southern suburbs of the city, are the descendants of these people.

In 1920, a great earthquake occurred in Haiyuan, Guyuan, Gansu Province. Many Guyuan Hui people came to Yanqi to seek their relatives.

In 1928, the old and new sects of the Hui nationality in Guyuan area of Gansu Province started a war. Many people were displaced and some of them settled in Yanqi.

In 1933, some of the Hui soldiers who entered Xinjiang with Ma Zhongying stayed in Yanying.

After the KMT troops entered Xinjiang, many deserting and reduced Hui officers and soldiers also settled in Yanqi.

After the founding of new China, many Hui people from Gansu, Qinghai and Ningxia came here to visit relatives and friends.

Evolution of organizational system

Yanqi state is recorded in many historical materials such as Hanshu · biography of the western regions and Jinshu. It was one of the 36 states in the western regions during the Qin and Han Dynasties. In 53 BC, the Western Han Dynasty settled in Yanqi, and the Northern Wei Dynasty set up a town in Yanqi. In the Tang Dynasty, the governor's office was set up in Yanqi, and in the Qing Dynasty, the Department and the office were set up in Yanqi to govern the counties and cities of Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture. In the early days of the founding of new China, Yanqi was the capital of Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang. Yanqi Hui Autonomous County was established in March 1954.

administrative division

In 2013, Yanqi county has four towns (Yanqi Town, Qigexing Town, Yongning Town, shilichengzi town) and four townships (beidaqu Township, wuhaoqu Township, chahancaikai Township, baoerhai township). There are Wangjiazhuang ranch, suhai breeding farm and BINGTUAN 27th regiment.

geographical environment

Location context

Yanqi Hui Autonomous County is located in the middle of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the hinterland of Yanqi Basin. It is between 85 ° 13 ′ 19 ″ - 86 ° 44 ′ 00 ″ E and 41 ° 45 ′ 31 ″ - 42 ° 20 ′ 45 ″ n. It is adjacent to Bohu County in the southeast, Hejing County in the north, Tashidian town in Korla City in the south, and Korla City and Luntai County in the southeast of Huola mountain. It is 214 kilometers away from Urumqi, the capital of the autonomous region. The county spans 1 ° 26'40 "from east to west, 131.13 km long, 35'14" from north to south, 64.83 km wide, with a total area of 2570.88 square kilometers.

climate

Yanqi Hui Autonomous County is located in the temperate zone of the middle latitude of the northern hemisphere. It is a typical continental climate, but it also has the characteristics of basin climate. It is hot in summer and cold in winter. Due to the regulation of Bosi lake, the change of cold and heat is not very dramatic. Due to the barrier of Pamir Plateau, Qinghai Tibet Plateau and Tianshan Mountains, the water vapor from the ocean is scarce, resulting in a dry climate with sparse precipitation, large evaporation, long sunshine time and abundant heat. It is cold and long in winter, with little wind and snow. It is the lowest temperature in a year, with the extreme minimum temperature of - 35.2 ℃. In spring, the climate is changeable, the wind is frequent, the northwest wind is dry and cold, and the northwest wind is dry

Chinese PinYin : Xin Jiang Wei Wu Er Zi Zhi Qu Ba Yin Guo Leng Meng Gu Zi Zhi Zhou Yan Qi Hui Zu Zi Zhi Xian