Gande County, Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province

Gande county is a county under the jurisdiction of Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province. Gande county is located in 99 ° 36 ′ 30 ″ - 100 ° 53 ′ E and 33 ° 33 ′ - 34 ° 24 ′ n. It is adjacent to Maqu County of Gansu Province in the East, the Yellow River in the south, dari county and Jiuzhi County, and Maqin County in the West and North. Kequ town is 526 km away from Xining, the capital of Gansu Province. The county government is located in Dongji township (Wule). It is 88 kilometers away from the state capital.

Gande county has a population of 33000 (2012), mainly Tibetan, accounting for 95.9% of the total population, as well as Han, Hui, Tu and other ethnic groups.

Gande County covers a total area of 7046 square kilometers and governs 8 townships.

The terrain of Gande County inclines from northwest to Southeast, which is a high mountain landform. Dongkequ and xikequ, the main rivers, form two valleys with flat and open terrain, belonging to the semi warm climate of the plateau continent. The mineral deposits include rock gold, coal, etc. Wild animals include deer, musk deer, snow leopard, lynx, bear, wild donkey, yellow sheep, rock sheep, snow chicken, etc. There is a xiarihu temple built in the middle of Qing Dynasty. The murals and carvings in the temple are exquisite. There are Tibetan classics such as "ganzhur", Buddhist historical books and art treasures such as "thousand handed Buddha".

On September 25, 2018, it won the honorary title of "2018 e-commerce into rural comprehensive demonstration county" of the Ministry of Commerce.

In April 2020, Gande county will withdraw from the sequence of poor counties.

Historical evolution

Gande means "auspicious and peaceful" in Tibetan.

In ancient times, it was ruled by Qiang people.

The Tang Dynasty belonged to Jimo state, and later to Tubo.

The Yuan Dynasty belonged to the propaganda and consolation Department of Tubo and other roads.

Ming Dynasty belongs to Heshuote Mongolian regime.

The Qing Dynasty was under the jurisdiction of 1000 households in zhongguoluoke and 100 households in shangguoluoke.

In the Republic of China, the Government Bureau was set up and set up, which was abolished in 1946.

Gande county was established in 1954, under Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (region).

In 1962, xiazangke area in Maqu County of Gansu Province was divided into Gande county and xiazangke township was set up.

Commune was established in 1969. Shanggongma commune, xiagongma commune, Dongji commune, kequ commune, GANGLONG commune, Qingzhen commune, Jiangqian commune and xiazangke commune are under the jurisdiction of the county.

In 1984, it was changed into a township with 3846 people in shanggongma Township, xiagongma Township, Dongji Township, kequ Township, GANGLONG Township, Qingzhen Township, Jiangqian Township and xiazangke township.

In 1997, 8 townships were under the jurisdiction of Gande County, and the county government was stationed in Wule (in Dongji township).

On March 5, 2001, the Qinghai Provincial People's government issued the reply of qingzhenghan No. 14: Dongji and kequ townships were abolished and kequ town was merged.

At the end of 2001, Gande county had jurisdiction over one town, six townships and 36 Village (animal husbandry) committees.

At the end of 2001, Gande county had one town, six townships and 36 animal husbandry committees. Kequ town is located in wuqin and has 9 animal husbandry committees, including Daxie, qunahe, derou, derijian, Dangdang, Muri, along, Dongwu and anmuzhang; shanggongma township is located in tanggegei and has 5 animal husbandry committees, including wangrihu, waying, Longya, zajialong and zhuhelong; xiagongma township is located in zhehe Xuetang and has 4 animal husbandry committees, including Erjin, zhehe blood, longen and suheqing; GANGLONG township is located in saixidoka and has jurisdiction over Ganggang There are four animal husbandry committees in Longkou, Kela, longmuqie and qiabujiang; Jiangqian Township in xiniangtang has four animal husbandry committees in Longji, qiaqunahe, yeheqing and Xielong; xiazangke Township in Jiangqian has four animal husbandry committees in danku, Jiangqian, Dongsu and Kesai; Qingzhen Township in Qingzhen xiuma has six animal husbandry committees in Qingzhen, longgari, zhigari, qingzhenxiuma, zhihema and Dianzhe.

By the end of 2007, the total area of the county was 7046.2 square kilometers, with a total of 27766 people from 6579 households, including 24742 people from 5671 households. It has jurisdiction over one town, six townships, 36 animal husbandry committees and 153 animal husbandry cooperatives. (gander Yearbook 2008)

In April 2020, Gande county will withdraw from the sequence of poor counties.

administrative division

By the beginning of 2014, Gande county had one town and six townships: kequ Town, shanggongma Township, xiagongma Township, GANGLONG Township, Qingzhen Township, Jiangqian Township and xiazangke township.

Kequ Town: located in wuqin, it has jurisdiction over 9 Village (animal husbandry) committees (Daxie, qunahe, Dechun, derijian, Datong, Muri, along, Dongwu and anmuzhang)

Shanggongma township: located in tanggegei, it has jurisdiction over five village (animal husbandry) committees (wangrihu, waying, Longya, zhagalong and zhuhelong)

Xiagongma township: it is located in zhehezhitang and has jurisdiction over four village (animal husbandry) committees (Erjin, zhehezhitang, longen and suheqing)

GANGLONG township: located in saicidoka, it governs 4 village (animal husbandry) committees (GANGLONG, Kela, longmuqi, qiabujiang)

Jiangqian township: located in xiniangtang, governs four village (animal husbandry) committees (Longji, qiaqunahe, yeheqing, xielung)

Xiazangke township: it is located in Jiangqian and has jurisdiction over four village (animal husbandry) committees (danku, Jiangqian, Dongsu and Kesai)

Qingzhen township: located in xiuma, Qingzhen, governs 6 Village (animal husbandry) committees (Qingzhen, longgari, zhigari, Qingzhen xiuma, zhihema, Dianzhe)

geographical environment

Regional location

Gande county is adjacent to Maqu County of Gansu Province in the East, the Yellow River in the south, dari county and Jiuzhi County, and Maqin County in the West and North. Kequ town is 526 km away from Xining, the capital of Gansu Province.

terrain

It is located in the transition zone from the alpine Canyon to the plateau of Southern Qinghai Plateau. The branch of Animaqing mountain runs through the middle from northwest to Southeast, and the terrain inclines from northwest to Southeast.

hydrology

The main river basins of dongkequ and xikequ form two valleys. In the territory, there are many gullies, dense rivers, large river drop, and unique water resources. The average surface runoff of the Yellow River, dongkequ, xikequ and Dangqu reaches 6.4834 billion cubic meters. Only the three rivers of dongkequ, xikequ and Dangqu have theoretical water energy reserves of 273300 kilowatts.

climate

Gande county has a semi warm climate with an average annual temperature of - 2 ℃ and an annual precipitation of 550 mm. It is windy all the year round, the average wind speed is high, there are many windy days, and most of them are paroxysmal, especially in winter and spring. In summer and autumn, the wind is weak, generally in the morning and after the evening, and strong in the middle and afternoon. The average wind speed over the years in Gande county is 2.2 m / s, the wind direction is mostly northwest wind, and the annual average gale above grade 8 is 69 days.

natural resources

Animal and plant resources

plant resources

Herbage mainly includes Cyperaceae, Gramineae, Polygonaceae, Compositae, Leguminosae and Rosaceae. Among them, there are more than 20 kinds of high-quality forages, such as Artemisia ordosica, Artemisia ordosica, Elymus nutans, Festuca arundinacea, Pennisetum chinense, etc. There are more than 40 kinds of good quality forages, such as Artemisia graminearum, Festuca arundinacea, Echinacea viridis and juncea. There are more than 50 kinds of medium quality forages, such as Trollius chinensis, Anura longifolia, Dichondra repens and Potentilla frutescens. The low-quality forages include caryopsis integrifolia and Ranunculus lanatus of Cruciferae. The inferior forages were Salix matsudana, iris lactea, inedible weeds and poisonous weeds.

There are many kinds of wild herbs with wide distribution and high economic value. According to the general survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Gande County in 1988, there are 235 species of medicinal plants in 50 families, such as Cordyceps sinensis, rhubarb, Gentiana macrophylla, notopterygium Incisum, Saussurea involucrata, Fritillaria, Rhodiola tangutica, iris lactea, dandelion, etc.

Animal resources

Carnivores include brown bear, jackal, wolf, lynx, sand fox, red fox, otter, snow leopard, desert cat, etc. Herbivores include wild donkey, bison, yellow sheep, rock sheep, musk deer, roe deer, Himalayan marmot, plateau pika, plateau rabbit, red deer, etc. Wild birds mainly include Tibetan snow chicken, Red duck, cuckoo, swan, merganser, hairy legged sand chicken, hazelnut chicken, eagle, vulture, etc. The main fish are yellow croaker, spotted naked croaker, Yellow River naked schijiri, etc.

mineral resources

In Gande County, there are Animaqing copper, cobalt, zinc and gold metallogenic belt, North Bayan Har mountain gold, tungsten, tin, mercury and antimony metallogenic belt. There are abundant underground mineral deposits, such as duochenggongmayan gold deposit, heidawa mercury deposit and Jiangqian coal mine. There are two placer gold anomalies in kequ, East and West, and the gneiss gold anomaly in qingzhengong.

coal resource

Jiangqian coal mine is 16 kilometers away from Jiangqian township government. In August 1986, Jiangqian coal mine in Gande county was surveyed, with a measured area of 15 square kilometers. According to the survey, Jiangqian coal mine belongs to lean coal, medium ash, high sulfur and low soluble ash coal, with a total reserves of 333.1 tons, all of which are recoverable reserves.

Rock gold resources

（1） Dongkequ placer gold anomaly

Located in the middle and upper reaches of dongkequ River, it belongs to Qingzhen township. There is dongchenggongmayan gold deposit nearby, and the range of gold anomaly is more than 7 km.

（2） Xikequ placer gold anomaly

Located in the middle and upper reaches of xikequ River, in kequ town. There are placer gold anomalies in the middle and upper reaches of the river and its tributaries.

（3） Dongchenggong Mayan gold deposit

It is located between gongmagou and wamagou in kequ Town, covering an area of 152 square kilometers and 45 kilometers to Qingzhen township. The rock gold reserve is 1280 kg, with an average grade of au2.96 g / T.

（4） Qingzhengong gneiss gold anomaly

The abnormal point of rock gold belongs to Qingzhen Township, with convenient transportation. 21 abnormal points of gold have been explored, 8 gold bodies have been found, and the geological reserves are 636.13 kg.

Mercury ore

It is located 28 km northeast of Jiangqian township. According to the preliminary determination of mercury content of 0.001-0.0007 × 102 by the Provincial Geological Exploration Bureau in 1982, the metallogenic type is hydrothermal.

lime mine

There is no exploration for the storage of the Carboniferous deposit in kequ town.

Grassland resources

The natural grassland area of Gande county is 6512.53 square kilometers, of which the usable grassland area is 5879.53 square kilometers. The grassland distribution is not obvious in the horizontal zone, and the alpine meadow soil is the main soil in the northwest, with serious degradation. There are more shrub meadows in the southeast, and the grassland degradation is light. Due to the rise of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in the early stage, the Typical Alpine landform was formed, and the grassland vegetation had obvious vertical band spectrum.

Alpine meadow

alpine meadow

Chinese PinYin : Qing Hai Sheng Guo Luo Cang Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Gan De Xian