Yichuan County, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province

Yichuan County is located in the north of Shaanxi Province, the southeast of Yan'an City, and the Bank of Hukou waterfall in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. It is adjacent to the revolutionary holy land of Yan'an Pagoda in the north, Huanglong in the south, Hancheng, the hometown of Taishi, and Jixian County in Shanxi Province across the Yellow River in the East. With a total land area of 2931 square kilometers, the county governs 6 towns, 3 townships, and 1 urban sub district office, with a permanent resident population of 121800 (2016). National Highway 309, provincial highway 303 and provincial highway 201 cross the border, and Qinglan expressway, Yushang Expressway and Inner Mongolia China Railway will be built. Yichuan is located in the hilly and gully area of the Loess Plateau in Northern Shaanxi. The landform is mainly "mountain, Sichuan, gully and tableland". The forest coverage rate is 48.6%, and the forest grass coverage rate is 60%. The highest altitude is 1710.5 meters, the lowest altitude is 388.8 meters, and the altitude of the county is 839 meters.

In March 2019, it was listed as the first batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization area sub County list. On May 7, 2019, Shaanxi provincial government announced that Yichuan County of Yan'an City will withdraw from the sequence of poverty-stricken counties. On September 20, 2019, it won the honorary title of national greening model unit. On July 29, 2020, it will be included in the National Health township (county) naming list of 2017-2019 cycle.

Evolution of organizational system

In the Warring States period (475-221 B.C.), it belonged to Jin Dynasty in the early stage; in 376 B.C., after Han, Zhao and Wei divided into Jin Dynasty, it belonged to dingyang City, the upper County of Wei state; in 328 B.C., in the 10th year of King Huiwen of Qin Dynasty, Wei Dynasty, it belonged to 15 counties on the west of the Yellow River.

In the Qin and Han Dynasties (221 B.C. - 220 A.D.), the Qin Dynasty set up Shangjun county and governed dingyang county. Today, Yunyan river is called dingshui in ancient times, and it was named after the city of dingshui (the ancient site is in Guxian village, Linzhen Town, Yan'an City today). See the book of Han, geography. In the fourth year of Yuanshuo, Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty (125bc), Xihe county was added. Jurisdiction County Yinshan county (ancient site in today's dangwan Township Jingyang Village near Henan). It is named after the Yin of Danshui in urban construction. In the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-22), Diaoyin (now Fu County) was abolished and put under the jurisdiction of dingyang county. In the sixth year of Zhongping (189), Emperor Ling was occupied by Xiongnu, and all counties were abolished.

The Three Kingdoms and Jin (220-420) were the land of qianghu, but the Eastern Jin Dynasty was the former Qin Dynasty, which was dingyang City, and the Sixteen Kingdoms later was Qin Dynasty.

Northern Wei Dynasty (420-534): it belongs to Dongxia state, with lechuan county and dingyang County under its jurisdiction. In the eighth year of Taihe (484), Anping County was established in xuehechuan County, which belongs to lechuan county. Taihe 18 years (494), and in the county baishuichuan (now shoufengchuan) home Yongning County, belongs to lechuan county. The ancient city is near shangjiantou village, now Shoufeng. Linxu County, named qiaoju County, was originally located in Hangjin Banner of Inner Mongolia. Because the territory was occupied by Xiongnu, it was moved to the northwest of Yichuan County in the second year of Tai'an (456), and Pinglu fort was under the jurisdiction of dingyang county.

In the Western Wei Dynasty (535-551), Yichuan County of Fenzhou was set up in the west of the ancient mengmen river. In the third year of Datong (537), Yichuan County was set up, which was named after chishichuan (the ancient city is now Guoxia village, Gaobai township). Yongle County (city in today's Yunyan town) is juxtaposed, Fenzhou and lisanpu towns are set up in the two prefectures of Gewen and Yanzhou, which belong to Yichuan County. In 547, Yongle County was changed into Yunyan county. Change Yongning County to Taiping County. In the 17th year of Datong (551), Anping County was changed into fenchuan County, which belongs to Yichuan County. The old town of fenchuan is ruodo village in the south of gaoshushan (Dazi village, Linxiang Township in autumn). In 554, Fenzhou was changed to Danzhou because of the same name of Fenzhou in Hedong (the former city of Danzhou is the same as the former site of Fenzhou).

In the second year of Baoding in the Northern Zhou Dynasty (562), fenchuan county was moved to qisaiyuan in kulichuan (near niwanmao in Yunyan town). The first year of Xiangxiang (579) was divided into fenchuan county and Yunyan county. It was located in Menshan County, belonging to Yichuan County (the old city is now Menshan village of Yanchang county). In the same year, Yichuan County was changed to Danyang County, named after danyangchuan.

Sui Dynasty (581-618): following the southern and Northern Dynasties. In the third year of kaihuang (583), Yichuan and lechuan counties were abolished and entered Danzhou. Danyang county was changed into Yichuan County, which belongs to Yan'an county. In 598, Taiping County was changed into Xianning county. Daye early (605), abandoned Danzhou, Menshan, Yunyan County into Fenzhou County, belongs to Yanzhou. Renshou three years (603), fenchuan county had moved to ganquanfang (now Fuxian tea area). In the 10th year of Daye (614), the city was moved to tubibao (see the story of the world). According to the geographical evolution of Yan'an area, Yanping county was set up in Yichuan County in the third to the thirteenth year of Daye (607-617), and Danyang county was added in the first year of Yining (617).

Tang Dynasty (618-907): in the first year of Wude (618), Danyang county was changed to Danzhou, belonging to guanneidao. In the third year of Wude (620), fenchuan county was analyzed. In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan (734), the city was moved to fenchuan village, gelou township. In the second year of Yonghui (651) of Yunyan County, Yichuan County was moved from Guzhou village to Danzhou City. Guoxia village moved Yichuan County to chishichuankou (the current county address), and Danzhou was set up in the city. Tianbao first year (742) changed Danzhou to Xianning county. In the first year of Qianyuan (758), Danzhou was restored.

In the Five Dynasties and Zhou Dynasty (907-960), Xianning county was abandoned and Yichuan County was transferred.

Song Dynasty (960-1279): the old system of Tang Dynasty was restored. In the fifth year of Chunhua (994), the road was changed to Xianning County of Danzhou, which belonged to Yongxing military road, and Xianning county was restored. In 976, Yichuan County was changed to Yichuan County to avoid the taboo of Zhao Guangyi, Emperor Taizong of Song Dynasty. Kangding two years (1041), set Yongding County in Fucheng county (now Luochuan and Huanglong border area), led Yichuan County. In 1074, Yunyan county was changed into Yichuan County, and Menshan county was changed into Yan'an Prefecture.

Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368): changed Manyan road to Yan'an Road. In the second year of Yuan Dynasty (1265), Menshan County entered Yichuan County. In the sixth year (1269), Danzhou was withdrawn to Yichuan County, belonging to Yan'an Road.

Ming Dynasty (1368-1644): in the third year of Hongwu (1370), Yan'an was conquered in Ming Dynasty. It was still Yichuan County and belonged to Yan'an Prefecture.

Qing Dynasty (1644-1911): the Qing Dynasty inherited the system of Ming Dynasty, and it was still Yichuan County, which belonged to Yan'an Prefecture.

In 1913, the government and prefecture were abolished, and Yulin Dao was set up to govern Yichuan County. After the abolition, it was directly under Shaanxi Province. In 1935, Menshan county was transferred to Yan'an county. On October 19, after a long march of 25000 Li, the central red army arrived in Northern Shaanxi and successfully joined forces with the Red Army in Northern Shaanxi. In the liberated area, the people's Government of Yichuan County was set up in beichi town (now beichi village, Hexiang Township, Xinshi city). The next year, it moved to Linzhen and renamed Gulin county. In 1914, one of the southwest areas of the county was assigned to Huanglong.

On October 21, 1947, columns 2 and 4 of the Northwest Field Army of the Chinese people's Liberation Army liberated Yichuan County for the first time. After the withdrawal of the army, it was again occupied by the Kuomintang. In the spring of 1948, Mao Zedong personally deployed and Peng Dehuai personally directed the "battle of wazijie in Yichuan". Yichuan County resumed its democratic regime on March 3. Yichuan County is still under the leadership of Huanglong district. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Huanglong district was abandoned in 1950, and Yichuan County was changed into Yan'an district. In 1958, Huanglong County entered Yichuan County. In 1961, the city and county administrative divisions were reorganized and Huanglong county was reestablished. Five rural people's communes, namely zhuanmiaoliang, Huanglong, Yao and xiaosizhuang, were put under the jurisdiction of Huanglong county. So far, Yichuan County has not changed so far (2013).

administrative division

geographical environment

position

Yichuan County, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province is located in the north of Shaanxi Province and the southeast of Yan'an City. Longitude 109 ° 41 ′ 36 ″ - 110 ° 32 ′ 44 ″ and latitude 35 ° 42 ′ 39 ″ - 36 ° 23 ′ 39 ″. It is adjacent to the Yellow River in the East, Jixian County in Shanxi Province, Huanglong and Hancheng in the south, Fuxian and Luochuan in the west, Yanchang and Baota in the north. It is 76.36 km long from east to west and 75.32 km wide from north to south. It is 260 Li from Yan'an Prefecture, 720 Li from Hancheng County East Road, 700 Li from Luochuan County through Chengcheng County and Fuping West Road, 980 Li from Yan'an Prefecture Road, and 3350 Li from Beijing.

landforms

Yichuan is located in Weibei plateau and along the Yellow River, which belongs to the hilly and gully area of the Loess Plateau. It is divided into three geomorphic areas: the rocky hilly area covered by thin layer of loess along the Yellow River; the Loess broken tableland area to the north of Xianchuan River; and the hilly soil and stone mountain area to the southwest. The terrain is gently inclined from west to East, forming a dustpan like terrain with high southwest and low East. The mountains in the territory belong to Hengshan mountain system. From north to south, there are Yunyan mountain, yeque mountain, Hutou mountain, Qilang mountain, Fengchi mountain, mangtou mountain, ruling mountain, Pangu mountain and balang mountain. Yichuan County has a maximum altitude of 1710 meters and a minimum altitude of 388 meters.

climate

It is a warm temperate semi humid region with obvious continental monsoon climate characteristics. Four seasons, regional microclimate is obvious, the southwest forest is cool and humid, the east along the Yellow River is hot and dry. The annual average temperature is 10.0 degrees, the extreme maximum temperature is 40.0 degrees, the extreme minimum temperature is minus 23.3 degrees, the average temperature in July is 23.2 degrees, and the average temperature in January is minus 5.3 degrees. The annual average precipitation is 521.1 mm, the maximum precipitation year is 843.5 mm in 1958, and the minimum precipitation year is 309.3 mm in 1995; the maximum precipitation month in July is 125.4 mm, and the minimum precipitation month in January is 3.6 mm; the maximum daily precipitation is 104.5 mm (August 20, 1971), the annual average sunshine hours is 2440.1 hours, and the annual sunshine percentage is 56. The annual maximum wind speed is 13.7 M / s, and the wind direction is westerly; the annual maximum wind direction is southwest, and the annual average sand days

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