Baota District, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province

Baota District Baota District is under the jurisdiction of Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province. It is the seat of Yan'an municipal Party committee and government, and the central urban area of Yan'an. Located in the north of Shaanxi Province, the hilly and gully area in the middle of the Loess Plateau, it is known as "the important area of Qin land" and "plug the throat". The total area of the city is 3556 square kilometers, with a total population of 750 thousand, of which 480 thousand registered residence, 12 towns, 1 towns, 5 city streets, 320 administrative villages, 31 urban communities and 19 towns.

Baota District, known as Yanzhou in ancient times, was under the jurisdiction of Yongzhou in the Xia Dynasty. It was under the jurisdiction of Di, Jin, Wei and Qin in the spring and Autumn period and Warring States period. It was established as a county in the Han Dynasty, Yanzhou or Yan'an Prefecture in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Fushi in the Song Dynasty, and Yan'an County after the Republic of China. In 1937, the CPC Central Committee settled in Yan'an and set up Yan'an City, which is the seat of the government of Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region. In December 1996, Yan'an City was established Pagoda district.

Yan'an is the holy land of the Chinese revolution, and Baota District is the "heart" of the revolutionary holy land. It is one of the first batch of 24 famous historical and cultural cities in China. Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De and other proletarian revolutionaries of the older generation lived and fought here for 13 years. They led the Chinese people to win the great victory of the war of resistance against Japan and the war of liberation, cultivated the Yan'an spirit, and left more than 150 revolutionary sites and monuments focusing on Zaoyuan, Yangjialing, wangjiaping, and Fenghuangshan. They are the symbol of Chinese patriotism, revolutionary tradition, and Yan'an spirit The three spiritual education bases are not only the spiritual home of the Chinese Communists, but also the red tourism holy land that the people of China and even the world yearn for. In March 2019, it was listed as the first batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization area sub County list.

Historical evolution

According to archaeological findings, lushanmao site is the earliest prototype of palace city in China from 2500 BC to 2000 BC.

Under the jurisdiction of Baota District, the Western Zhou Dynasty was an important area for Zhou People's activities, and the spring and Autumn period was the residence of Baizhai tribe. In the Warring States period, it belonged to Jin Dynasty in the early stage. Han, Zhao and Wei divided into Jin Dynasty and then returned to Wei Dynasty, and then to Qin Dynasty.

Qin unified the whole country and divided it into 36 counties. Baota District is gaonu County, subordinate to Shangjun county (Fushi, the seat of Shangjun County, is in today's Yuyang District of Yulin City). It governs today's Baota District and Zhidan, Ansai, Yanchuan and Yanchang counties. The county seat is in Yinjiagou, 2.5km east of today's Yan'an City. Southeast of Baota District is under the jurisdiction of dingyang County, and its county seat is in today's Yichuan County.

At the time of Chu and Han Dynasties, Xiang Yu divided Guanzhong into three parts, and granted Qin general Dong Yi the title of King Zhai, King Shangjun and gaonu. At that time, that is, the first year of emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty (206 BC), Zhai state was destroyed, and gaonu county was still set up in Baota District. In the first year of the founding of the people's Republic of China (9 years), gaonu county was changed into Pingli County. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was renamed gaonu. In 189, it was occupied by Xiongnu. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, all counties were abolished.

In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there were Xiongnu and other ethnic minorities living in Baota District. There was no County, and there was a garrison, which was called three cities (the former site was in the south of Baota District). In the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Sixteen Kingdoms period, Baota District belonged to pre Qin, post Qin and Daxia.

During the northern and Southern Dynasties (420-589), the great Xia Dynasty was destroyed by the Tuyuhun state in the eighth year of the Yuan Jia period (431), and later Baota District became the jurisdiction of the Northern Wei Dynasty. In the second year of Tai'an (456), Linzhen county was set up in the south of Baota District, and its "city is near Zhenchuan water", so it was named as dingyang County of North Yongzhou, and its jurisdiction included the west of Yanchang County; Woye county was set up in the west of Baota District; in the first year of Taihe (477), Guangwu county was set up in the east of Baota District, and its jurisdiction included the west of Yanchuan County, and its city site was in today's Ganguyi. In the same year, Jiancheng county was set up, which belonged to North Yongzhou, and led Guangwu and wocheng county Yeliang County, Guangwu. In the second year of Yanchang (513) of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Dongxia Prefecture was set up, with Guangwu as its governing seat, Lingcheng County, dingyang county (LINRONG as its governing seat, in today's Yichuan), Shuofang county (Weiping as its governing seat, in today's Zizhou) and Shangjun county (Ganquan as its governing seat, in today's Ganquan).

In 537, it was divided into Linzhen county and Zhenchuan County, with Shenshui County in the west of Linzhen county. In the same year, it was divided into Guangwu county and Wenan county (Wenan county is now Yanchuan County), and Woye county is still the same. In the third year of the abolition of the Emperor (554), the state of Dongxia was changed to Yanzhou, and Guangwu was still under the rule of Lingcheng County, Shenshui County, Wen'an County and Shangjun county.

In the fourth year of Baoding in the Northern Zhou Dynasty (564), Shenshui county was abolished, and Zhenchuan and Linzhen counties were changed into Jiancheng county. In 577, Guangwu county was changed to Fenglin County, and the county was moved to Zhoujiawan village, liquu town. The city was originally built by heliansheng, the princess of Daxia. It is called heliancheng. Yucheng County and Yanzhou county all moved to Fenglin, Yucheng County led Fenglin, Woye, Zhenchuan and Linzhen counties, and Yanzhou led Yucheng and Wen'an counties.

In the third year of kaihuang (583), the county system was abolished, and the county was unified by the state. Kaihuang eighteen years (598), waste Woye County, jurisdiction into Fenglin county. Daye first year (605), the abolition of Zhenchuan County, jurisdiction into Linzhen county. In the third year of Daye (607), Fushi county was established in Fenglin county and Jinming County, and the old name of Fushi County in Han Dynasty (Jinming County, in the south of Ansai County, was originally guangluo County in Northern Wei Dynasty, which was abandoned in the 13th year of Daye in Sui Dynasty, and merged into Fushi County; Han Fushi County, in Yulin County) was adopted. Its jurisdiction is in the middle of Yan'an City, and its city is on the East Bank of Yanhe River in Yan'an City. In the same year, the Prefecture was changed into a county, and Yan'an county was set up. The county governed Fushi, and 11 counties, including lingfushi, Fenglin, Linzhen and Yan'an, were set up. Yan'an County, which was originally Guang'an County in the Western Wei Dynasty, was changed to Yan'an County in the first year of Daye (605) because it avoided the name of crown prince Yang Guang, and its jurisdiction is now in Yanchang.

In 618, Yan'an county was changed to Yanzhou. In the second year of Wude (619), Jinming county was set up in Fushi county. In the first year of Tianbao (742), Yanzhou was changed into Yan'an county. In the first year of Qianyuan (758), it was changed to Yanzhou, where it was administrated by Fushi, lingfushi, Fenglin, Linzhen and other 10 counties. After the Anshi rebellion, Yanzhou was attached to the Jiedushi Prefecture. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Baota District was set up as a county.

During the period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907-960), Baota District was still a county and was still subordinate to Yanzhou. After Yanzhou, Liang Lizhong spent his time in the Yijun army, and the rest in the Zhangwu army. The governor's offices were all in Yanzhou.

In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, Luzhou was established. In the second year of Kangding (1041), it was divided into West Shaanxi Road and Minyan Road, and its management strategy was to pacify the governor. Qingli five years (1045), Fushi County moved to Yan'an City (Yanhe West Bank). In 1072, Fenglin county and Jinming county were abolished and the jurisdiction was merged into Fushi county. The counties in Baota District are Fushi and Linzhen. In the fourth year of Yuanyou (1089), Yan'an Prefecture was upgraded to Yan'an Prefecture, which was still governed by Fushi and governed seven counties, including Fushi and Linzhen.

In 1128, the Jin army conquered Yan'an Prefecture. Baota District still has two counties of Fushi and Linzhen, Yan'an Prefecture still governs Fushi, and seven counties of lingfushi and Linzhen. Jin also set up Manyan Road, but its jurisdiction was expanded. It took charge of Yan'an Prefecture and led Yan'an Prefecture, Manzhou, Fangzhou, Danzhou, Baoan Prefecture and suidezhou. In the second year of Huangtong (1142), it was changed to Manyan road and set up the Zhangwu Army General's office, which was abolished at the end of Jin Dynasty.

In the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (1264), Linzhen county was abolished, and its jurisdiction was incorporated into Ganquan County. Only Fushi county was set up in Baota District. In 1274, the old Manyan road was changed and Yan'an road was set up. Eight counties, including Fushi, lingfushi and Ganquan, and eight counties, including Manzhou, suidezhou and Jiazhou, were governed by the three prefectures. In the 12th year of the Zhiyuan Dynasty (1286), it was divided into Shaanxi and Sichuan provinces, Shaanxi and other provinces, and Yan'an road was under its jurisdiction.

In the second year of Hongwu (1369), Yan'an road was changed to Yan'an Prefecture, where Fushi county was governed, and the rest remained unchanged. In the ninth year of Hongwu (1376), he was transferred to Zhongshu Province as Chengxuan minister, and Yan'an Prefecture was subordinate to Shaanxi Province as Chengxuan minister.

In Qing Dynasty, there were four administrative levels: Province, Dao, government (Zhili Prefecture, Zhili Department), county (Sanzhou, santing). Fushi county is still governed by Yan'an Prefecture, which leads Fushi, Ganquan and other 10 counties and is subordinate to yanyusui road in Shaanxi Province, and yanyusui road is located in Yulin.

In 1913, Yan'an Prefecture was abolished and Fushi county was subordinate to Yulin Road, Shaanxi Province. In 1933, Tao was abolished and the county was directly under the jurisdiction of the province. Fushi county was subordinate to Shaanxi Province.

In May 1935, the workers' and peasants' Red Army of Northern Shaanxi set up Yan'an County in the area of Liang village in the north of Baota District. In July, Fugan county was set up in longer Temple (now Mazhuang, Liulin) in the south of Baota District (jurisdiction over Fushi and Ganquan counties). In the same month, Hongquan county was set up in madongchuan, which was then the jurisdiction of Ganquan County in the southeast of Baota District. In September of the same year, Fushi county was set up in fenfugan county.

After the "Xi'an Incident" in December 1936, the old Fushi county was liberated. On January 13, 1937, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China entered fushicheng. In that month, Yan'an City was established in the urban area, directly under the leadership of the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region government. In February, Fushi county (yuanfugan county) was merged into Yan'an County, also directly under the leadership of the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region government, and the county government was stationed in Chuankou.

In March 1937, Yichuan County and Hongquan County in the southeast of Baota District merged into Hongyi county. In July 1937, Hongyi county was renamed Gulin County, directly under the leadership of the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region government.

In December 1942, the government of the border region set up the office of the administrative inspector of the sub regions under the jurisdiction of Yan'an City, the government of the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region under the jurisdiction of Yan'an City and the sub regions under the jurisdiction of Yan'an county.

In May 1943, Yan'an county government moved from Chuankou to dongerlipu. In May 1944, Nanniwan reclamation area (county level system) was established.

In 1945, Linzhen District of Gulin county and jinpenwan District of Yan'an county were assigned to Nanniwan reclamation area, directly under the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region government.

In August 1948, part of Nanniwan reclamation area and Gulin county were merged into Linzhen County, and the county government was stationed in Linzhen.

In February 1949, Linzhen county was withdrawn, and the jurisdiction was assigned to Yan'an county and Yanchang county respectively; in March, Yan'an City was merged into Yan'an County, and the county government was relocated from dongerlipu

Chinese PinYin : Shan Xi Sheng Yan An Shi Bao Ta Qu